Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into openai-model-mapping-fix

backend/internal/service/bedrock_stream_test.go

+package service
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"hash/crc32"
+	"io"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+func TestExtractBedrockChunkData(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("valid base64 payload", func(t *testing.T) {
+		original := `{"type":"content_block_delta","index":0,"delta":{"type":"text_delta","text":"Hello"}}`
+		b64 := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(original))
+		payload := []byte(`{"bytes":"` + b64 + `"}`)
+
+		result := extractBedrockChunkData(payload)
+		require.NotNil(t, result)
+		assert.JSONEq(t, original, string(result))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty bytes field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := extractBedrockChunkData([]byte(`{"bytes":""}`))
+		assert.Nil(t, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no bytes field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := extractBedrockChunkData([]byte(`{"other":"value"}`))
+		assert.Nil(t, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid base64", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := extractBedrockChunkData([]byte(`{"bytes":"not-valid-base64!!!"}`))
+		assert.Nil(t, result)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestTransformBedrockInvocationMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("converts metrics to usage", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := `{"type":"message_delta","delta":{"stop_reason":"end_turn"},"amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics":{"inputTokenCount":150,"outputTokenCount":42}}`
+		result := transformBedrockInvocationMetrics([]byte(input))
+
+		// amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics should be removed
+		assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics").Exists())
+		// usage should be set
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(150), gjson.GetBytes(result, "usage.input_tokens").Int())
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(42), gjson.GetBytes(result, "usage.output_tokens").Int())
+		// original fields preserved
+		assert.Equal(t, "message_delta", gjson.GetBytes(result, "type").String())
+		assert.Equal(t, "end_turn", gjson.GetBytes(result, "delta.stop_reason").String())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no metrics present", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := `{"type":"content_block_delta","index":0,"delta":{"type":"text_delta","text":"Hi"}}`
+		result := transformBedrockInvocationMetrics([]byte(input))
+		assert.JSONEq(t, input, string(result))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("does not overwrite existing usage", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := `{"type":"message_delta","usage":{"output_tokens":100},"amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics":{"inputTokenCount":150,"outputTokenCount":42}}`
+		result := transformBedrockInvocationMetrics([]byte(input))
+
+		// metrics removed but existing usage preserved
+		assert.False(t, gjson.GetBytes(result, "amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics").Exists())
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(100), gjson.GetBytes(result, "usage.output_tokens").Int())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestExtractEventStreamHeaderValue(t *testing.T) {
+	// Build a header with :event-type = "chunk" (string type = 7)
+	buildStringHeader := func(name, value string) []byte {
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		// name length (1 byte)
+		_ = buf.WriteByte(byte(len(name)))
+		// name
+		_, _ = buf.WriteString(name)
+		// value type (7 = string)
+		_ = buf.WriteByte(7)
+		// value length (2 bytes, big-endian)
+		_ = binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, uint16(len(value)))
+		// value
+		_, _ = buf.WriteString(value)
+		return buf.Bytes()
+	}
+
+	t.Run("find string header", func(t *testing.T) {
+		headers := buildStringHeader(":event-type", "chunk")
+		assert.Equal(t, "chunk", extractEventStreamHeaderValue(headers, ":event-type"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("header not found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		headers := buildStringHeader(":event-type", "chunk")
+		assert.Equal(t, "", extractEventStreamHeaderValue(headers, ":message-type"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multiple headers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		_, _ = buf.Write(buildStringHeader(":content-type", "application/json"))
+		_, _ = buf.Write(buildStringHeader(":event-type", "chunk"))
+		_, _ = buf.Write(buildStringHeader(":message-type", "event"))
+
+		headers := buf.Bytes()
+		assert.Equal(t, "chunk", extractEventStreamHeaderValue(headers, ":event-type"))
+		assert.Equal(t, "application/json", extractEventStreamHeaderValue(headers, ":content-type"))
+		assert.Equal(t, "event", extractEventStreamHeaderValue(headers, ":message-type"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty headers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "", extractEventStreamHeaderValue([]byte{}, ":event-type"))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestBedrockEventStreamDecoder(t *testing.T) {
+	crc32IeeeTab := crc32.MakeTable(crc32.IEEE)
+
+	// Build a valid EventStream frame with correct CRC32/IEEE checksums.
+	buildFrame := func(eventType string, payload []byte) []byte {
+		// Build headers
+		var headersBuf bytes.Buffer
+		// :event-type header
+		_ = headersBuf.WriteByte(byte(len(":event-type")))
+		_, _ = headersBuf.WriteString(":event-type")
+		_ = headersBuf.WriteByte(7) // string type
+		_ = binary.Write(&headersBuf, binary.BigEndian, uint16(len(eventType)))
+		_, _ = headersBuf.WriteString(eventType)
+		// :message-type header
+		_ = headersBuf.WriteByte(byte(len(":message-type")))
+		_, _ = headersBuf.WriteString(":message-type")
+		_ = headersBuf.WriteByte(7)
+		_ = binary.Write(&headersBuf, binary.BigEndian, uint16(len("event")))
+		_, _ = headersBuf.WriteString("event")
+
+		headers := headersBuf.Bytes()
+		headersLen := uint32(len(headers))
+		// total = 12 (prelude) + headers + payload + 4 (message_crc)
+		totalLen := uint32(12 + len(headers) + len(payload) + 4)
+
+		// Prelude: total_length(4) + headers_length(4)
+		var preludeBuf bytes.Buffer
+		_ = binary.Write(&preludeBuf, binary.BigEndian, totalLen)
+		_ = binary.Write(&preludeBuf, binary.BigEndian, headersLen)
+		preludeBytes := preludeBuf.Bytes()
+		preludeCRC := crc32.Checksum(preludeBytes, crc32IeeeTab)
+
+		// Build frame: prelude + prelude_crc + headers + payload
+		var frame bytes.Buffer
+		_, _ = frame.Write(preludeBytes)
+		_ = binary.Write(&frame, binary.BigEndian, preludeCRC)
+		_, _ = frame.Write(headers)
+		_, _ = frame.Write(payload)
+
+		// Message CRC covers everything before itself
+		messageCRC := crc32.Checksum(frame.Bytes(), crc32IeeeTab)
+		_ = binary.Write(&frame, binary.BigEndian, messageCRC)
+		return frame.Bytes()
+	}
+
+	t.Run("decode chunk event", func(t *testing.T) {
+		payload := []byte(`{"bytes":"dGVzdA=="}`) // base64("test")
+		frame := buildFrame("chunk", payload)
+
+		decoder := newBedrockEventStreamDecoder(bytes.NewReader(frame))
+		result, err := decoder.Decode()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, payload, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("skip non-chunk events", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Write initial-response followed by chunk
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		_, _ = buf.Write(buildFrame("initial-response", []byte(`{}`)))
+		chunkPayload := []byte(`{"bytes":"aGVsbG8="}`)
+		_, _ = buf.Write(buildFrame("chunk", chunkPayload))
+
+		decoder := newBedrockEventStreamDecoder(&buf)
+		result, err := decoder.Decode()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, chunkPayload, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("EOF on empty input", func(t *testing.T) {
+		decoder := newBedrockEventStreamDecoder(bytes.NewReader(nil))
+		_, err := decoder.Decode()
+		assert.Equal(t, io.EOF, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("corrupted prelude CRC", func(t *testing.T) {
+		frame := buildFrame("chunk", []byte(`{"bytes":"dGVzdA=="}`))
+		// Corrupt the prelude CRC (bytes 8-11)
+		frame[8] ^= 0xFF
+		decoder := newBedrockEventStreamDecoder(bytes.NewReader(frame))
+		_, err := decoder.Decode()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "prelude CRC mismatch")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("corrupted message CRC", func(t *testing.T) {
+		frame := buildFrame("chunk", []byte(`{"bytes":"dGVzdA=="}`))
+		// Corrupt the message CRC (last 4 bytes)
+		frame[len(frame)-1] ^= 0xFF
+		decoder := newBedrockEventStreamDecoder(bytes.NewReader(frame))
+		_, err := decoder.Decode()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "message CRC mismatch")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("castagnoli encoded frame is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		castagnoliTab := crc32.MakeTable(crc32.Castagnoli)
+		payload := []byte(`{"bytes":"dGVzdA=="}`)
+
+		var headersBuf bytes.Buffer
+		_ = headersBuf.WriteByte(byte(len(":event-type")))
+		_, _ = headersBuf.WriteString(":event-type")
+		_ = headersBuf.WriteByte(7)
+		_ = binary.Write(&headersBuf, binary.BigEndian, uint16(len("chunk")))
+		_, _ = headersBuf.WriteString("chunk")
+
+		headers := headersBuf.Bytes()
+		headersLen := uint32(len(headers))
+		totalLen := uint32(12 + len(headers) + len(payload) + 4)
+
+		var preludeBuf bytes.Buffer
+		_ = binary.Write(&preludeBuf, binary.BigEndian, totalLen)
+		_ = binary.Write(&preludeBuf, binary.BigEndian, headersLen)
+		preludeBytes := preludeBuf.Bytes()
+
+		var frame bytes.Buffer
+		_, _ = frame.Write(preludeBytes)
+		_ = binary.Write(&frame, binary.BigEndian, crc32.Checksum(preludeBytes, castagnoliTab))
+		_, _ = frame.Write(headers)
+		_, _ = frame.Write(payload)
+		_ = binary.Write(&frame, binary.BigEndian, crc32.Checksum(frame.Bytes(), castagnoliTab))
+
+		decoder := newBedrockEventStreamDecoder(bytes.NewReader(frame.Bytes()))
+		_, err := decoder.Decode()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "prelude CRC mismatch")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestBuildBedrockURL(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("stream URL with colon in model ID", func(t *testing.T) {
+		url := BuildBedrockURL("us-east-1", "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-5-20251101-v1:0", true)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/model/us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-5-20251101-v1%3A0/invoke-with-response-stream", url)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-stream URL with colon in model ID", func(t *testing.T) {
+		url := BuildBedrockURL("eu-west-1", "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0", false)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/model/eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1%3A0/invoke", url)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("model ID without colon", func(t *testing.T) {
+		url := BuildBedrockURL("us-east-1", "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6", true)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/model/us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6/invoke-with-response-stream", url)
+	})
+}

backend/internal/service/dashboard_aggregation_service.go

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ type DashboardAggregationRepository interface {
 	UpdateAggregationWatermark(ctx context.Context, aggregatedAt time.Time) error
 	CleanupAggregates(ctx context.Context, hourlyCutoff, dailyCutoff time.Time) error
 	CleanupUsageLogs(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) error
+	CleanupUsageBillingDedup(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) error
 	EnsureUsageLogsPartitions(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) error
 }
 
@@ -296,6 +297,7 @@ func (s *DashboardAggregationService) maybeCleanupRetention(ctx context.Context,
 	hourlyCutoff := now.AddDate(0, 0, -s.cfg.Retention.HourlyDays)
 	dailyCutoff := now.AddDate(0, 0, -s.cfg.Retention.DailyDays)
 	usageCutoff := now.AddDate(0, 0, -s.cfg.Retention.UsageLogsDays)
+	dedupCutoff := now.AddDate(0, 0, -s.cfg.Retention.UsageBillingDedupDays)
 
 	aggErr := s.repo.CleanupAggregates(ctx, hourlyCutoff, dailyCutoff)
 	if aggErr != nil {
@@ -305,7 +307,11 @@ func (s *DashboardAggregationService) maybeCleanupRetention(ctx context.Context,
 	if usageErr != nil {
 		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.dashboard_aggregation", "[DashboardAggregation] usage_logs 保留清理失败: %v", usageErr)
 	}
-	if aggErr == nil && usageErr == nil {
+	dedupErr := s.repo.CleanupUsageBillingDedup(ctx, dedupCutoff)
+	if dedupErr != nil {
+		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.dashboard_aggregation", "[DashboardAggregation] usage_billing_dedup 保留清理失败: %v", dedupErr)
+	}
+	if aggErr == nil && usageErr == nil && dedupErr == nil {
 		s.lastRetentionCleanup.Store(now)
 	}
 }

backend/internal/service/dashboard_aggregation_service_test.go

@@ -12,12 +12,18 @@ import (
 
 type dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub struct {
 	aggregateCalls       int
+	recomputeCalls       int
+	cleanupUsageCalls    int
+	cleanupDedupCalls    int
+	ensurePartitionCalls int
 	lastStart            time.Time
 	lastEnd              time.Time
 	watermark            time.Time
 	aggregateErr         error
 	cleanupAggregatesErr error
 	cleanupUsageErr      error
+	cleanupDedupErr      error
+	ensurePartitionErr   error
 }
 
 func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub) AggregateRange(ctx context.Context, start, end time.Time) error {
@@ -28,6 +34,7 @@ func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub) AggregateRange(ctx context.Context, s
 }
 
 func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub) RecomputeRange(ctx context.Context, start, end time.Time) error {
+	s.recomputeCalls++
 	return s.AggregateRange(ctx, start, end)
 }
 
@@ -44,11 +51,18 @@ func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub) CleanupAggregates(ctx context.Context
 }
 
 func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub) CleanupUsageLogs(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) error {
+	s.cleanupUsageCalls++
 	return s.cleanupUsageErr
 }
 
+func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub) CleanupUsageBillingDedup(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) error {
+	s.cleanupDedupCalls++
+	return s.cleanupDedupErr
+}
+
 func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub) EnsureUsageLogsPartitions(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) error {
-	return nil
+	s.ensurePartitionCalls++
+	return s.ensurePartitionErr
 }
 
 func TestDashboardAggregationService_RunScheduledAggregation_EpochUsesRetentionStart(t *testing.T) {
@@ -90,6 +104,50 @@ func TestDashboardAggregationService_CleanupRetentionFailure_DoesNotRecord(t *te
 	svc.maybeCleanupRetention(context.Background(), time.Now().UTC())
 
 	require.Nil(t, svc.lastRetentionCleanup.Load())
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.cleanupUsageCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.cleanupDedupCalls)
+}
+
+func TestDashboardAggregationService_CleanupDedupFailure_DoesNotRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub{cleanupDedupErr: errors.New("dedup cleanup failed")}
+	svc := &DashboardAggregationService{
+		repo: repo,
+		cfg: config.DashboardAggregationConfig{
+			Retention: config.DashboardAggregationRetentionConfig{
+				UsageLogsDays: 1,
+				HourlyDays:    1,
+				DailyDays:     1,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	svc.maybeCleanupRetention(context.Background(), time.Now().UTC())
+
+	require.Nil(t, svc.lastRetentionCleanup.Load())
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.cleanupDedupCalls)
+}
+
+func TestDashboardAggregationService_PartitionFailure_DoesNotAggregate(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &dashboardAggregationRepoTestStub{ensurePartitionErr: errors.New("partition failed")}
+	svc := &DashboardAggregationService{
+		repo: repo,
+		cfg: config.DashboardAggregationConfig{
+			Enabled:         true,
+			IntervalSeconds: 60,
+			LookbackSeconds: 120,
+			Retention: config.DashboardAggregationRetentionConfig{
+				UsageLogsDays:         1,
+				UsageBillingDedupDays: 2,
+				HourlyDays:            1,
+				DailyDays:             1,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	svc.runScheduledAggregation()
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.ensurePartitionCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, repo.aggregateCalls)
 }
 
 func TestDashboardAggregationService_TriggerBackfill_TooLarge(t *testing.T) {

backend/internal/service/dashboard_service.go

@@ -327,6 +327,14 @@ func (s *DashboardService) GetUserUsageTrend(ctx context.Context, startTime, end
 	return trend, nil
 }
 
+func (s *DashboardService) GetUserSpendingRanking(ctx context.Context, startTime, endTime time.Time, limit int) (*usagestats.UserSpendingRankingResponse, error) {
+	ranking, err := s.usageRepo.GetUserSpendingRanking(ctx, startTime, endTime, limit)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get user spending ranking: %w", err)
+	}
+	return ranking, nil
+}
+
 func (s *DashboardService) GetBatchUserUsageStats(ctx context.Context, userIDs []int64, startTime, endTime time.Time) (map[int64]*usagestats.BatchUserUsageStats, error) {
 	stats, err := s.usageRepo.GetBatchUserUsageStats(ctx, userIDs, startTime, endTime)
 	if err != nil {

backend/internal/service/dashboard_service_test.go

@@ -124,6 +124,10 @@ func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoStub) CleanupUsageLogs(ctx context.Context, cut
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoStub) CleanupUsageBillingDedup(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoStub) EnsureUsageLogsPartitions(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) error {
 	return nil
 }

backend/internal/service/domain_constants.go

@@ -29,10 +29,12 @@ const (
 
 // Account type constants
 const (
-	AccountTypeOAuth      = domain.AccountTypeOAuth      // OAuth类型账号（full scope: profile + inference）
-	AccountTypeSetupToken = domain.AccountTypeSetupToken // Setup Token类型账号（inference only scope）
-	AccountTypeAPIKey     = domain.AccountTypeAPIKey     // API Key类型账号
-	AccountTypeUpstream   = domain.AccountTypeUpstream   // 上游透传类型账号（通过 Base URL + API Key 连接上游）
+	AccountTypeOAuth         = domain.AccountTypeOAuth         // OAuth类型账号（full scope: profile + inference）
+	AccountTypeSetupToken    = domain.AccountTypeSetupToken    // Setup Token类型账号（inference only scope）
+	AccountTypeAPIKey        = domain.AccountTypeAPIKey        // API Key类型账号
+	AccountTypeUpstream      = domain.AccountTypeUpstream      // 上游透传类型账号（通过 Base URL + API Key 连接上游）
+	AccountTypeBedrock       = domain.AccountTypeBedrock       // AWS Bedrock 类型账号（通过 SigV4 签名连接 Bedrock）
+	AccountTypeBedrockAPIKey = domain.AccountTypeBedrockAPIKey // AWS Bedrock API Key 类型账号（通过 Bearer Token 连接 Bedrock）
 )
 
 // Redeem type constants

backend/internal/service/gateway_anthropic_apikey_passthrough_test.go

@@ -136,16 +136,18 @@ func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_ForwardStreamPreservesBodyAnd
 		},
 	}
 
-	svc := &GatewayService{
-		cfg: &config.Config{
-			Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
-				MaxLineSize: defaultMaxLineSize,
-			},
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
+			MaxLineSize: defaultMaxLineSize,
 		},
-		httpUpstream:        upstream,
-		rateLimitService:    &RateLimitService{},
-		deferredService:     &DeferredService{},
-		billingCacheService: nil,
+	}
+	svc := &GatewayService{
+		cfg:                  cfg,
+		responseHeaderFilter: compileResponseHeaderFilter(cfg),
+		httpUpstream:         upstream,
+		rateLimitService:     &RateLimitService{},
+		deferredService:      &DeferredService{},
+		billingCacheService:  nil,
 	}
 
 	account := &Account{
@@ -221,14 +223,16 @@ func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_ForwardCountTokensPreservesBo
 		},
 	}
 
-	svc := &GatewayService{
-		cfg: &config.Config{
-			Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
-				MaxLineSize: defaultMaxLineSize,
-			},
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
+			MaxLineSize: defaultMaxLineSize,
 		},
-		httpUpstream:     upstream,
-		rateLimitService: &RateLimitService{},
+	}
+	svc := &GatewayService{
+		cfg:                  cfg,
+		responseHeaderFilter: compileResponseHeaderFilter(cfg),
+		httpUpstream:         upstream,
+		rateLimitService:     &RateLimitService{},
 	}
 
 	account := &Account{
@@ -727,6 +731,39 @@ func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_StreamingStillCollectsUsageAf
 	require.Equal(t, 5, result.usage.OutputTokens)
 }
 
+func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_MissingTerminalEventReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/v1/messages", nil)
+
+	svc := &GatewayService{
+		cfg: &config.Config{
+			Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
+				MaxLineSize: defaultMaxLineSize,
+			},
+		},
+		rateLimitService: &RateLimitService{},
+	}
+
+	resp := &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"text/event-stream"}},
+		Body: io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(strings.Join([]string{
+			`data: {"type":"message_start","message":{"usage":{"input_tokens":11}}}`,
+			"",
+			`data: {"type":"message_delta","usage":{"output_tokens":5}}`,
+			"",
+		}, "\n"))),
+	}
+
+	result, err := svc.handleStreamingResponseAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(context.Background(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now(), "claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "missing terminal event")
+	require.NotNil(t, result)
+}
+
 func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_ForwardDirect_NonStreamingSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -1074,7 +1111,8 @@ func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_StreamingTimeoutAfterClientDi
 	_ = pr.Close()
 	<-done
 
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "stream usage incomplete after timeout")
 	require.NotNil(t, result)
 	require.True(t, result.clientDisconnect)
 	require.Equal(t, 9, result.usage.InputTokens)
@@ -1103,7 +1141,8 @@ func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_StreamingContextCanceled(t *t
 	}
 
 	result, err := svc.handleStreamingResponseAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(context.Background(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 3}, time.Now(), "claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "stream usage incomplete")
 	require.NotNil(t, result)
 	require.True(t, result.clientDisconnect)
 }
@@ -1133,7 +1172,8 @@ func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_StreamingUpstreamReadErrorAft
 	}
 
 	result, err := svc.handleStreamingResponseAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(context.Background(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 4}, time.Now(), "claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "stream usage incomplete after disconnect")
 	require.NotNil(t, result)
 	require.True(t, result.clientDisconnect)
 	require.Equal(t, 8, result.usage.InputTokens)

backend/internal/service/gateway_record_usage_test.go

+//go:build unit
+
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/ctxkey"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func newGatewayRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo UsageLogRepository, userRepo UserRepository, subRepo UserSubscriptionRepository) *GatewayService {
+	cfg := &config.Config{}
+	cfg.Default.RateMultiplier = 1.1
+	return NewGatewayService(
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		usageRepo,
+		nil,
+		userRepo,
+		subRepo,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		cfg,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		NewBillingService(cfg, nil),
+		nil,
+		&BillingCacheService{},
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		&DeferredService{},
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+	)
+}
+
+func newGatewayRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo UsageLogRepository, billingRepo UsageBillingRepository, userRepo UserRepository, subRepo UserSubscriptionRepository) *GatewayService {
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo)
+	svc.usageBillingRepo = billingRepo
+	return svc
+}
+
+type openAIRecordUsageBestEffortLogRepoStub struct {
+	UsageLogRepository
+
+	bestEffortErr   error
+	createErr       error
+	bestEffortCalls int
+	createCalls     int
+	lastLog         *UsageLog
+	lastCtxErr      error
+}
+
+func (s *openAIRecordUsageBestEffortLogRepoStub) CreateBestEffort(ctx context.Context, log *UsageLog) error {
+	s.bestEffortCalls++
+	s.lastLog = log
+	s.lastCtxErr = ctx.Err()
+	return s.bestEffortErr
+}
+
+func (s *openAIRecordUsageBestEffortLogRepoStub) Create(ctx context.Context, log *UsageLog) (bool, error) {
+	s.createCalls++
+	s.lastLog = log
+	s.lastCtxErr = ctx.Err()
+	return false, s.createErr
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingUsesDetachedContext(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false, err: context.DeadlineExceeded}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	quotaSvc := &openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub{}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo)
+
+	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(reqCtx, &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "gateway_detached_ctx",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:    501,
+			Quota: 100,
+		},
+		User:          &User{ID: 601},
+		Account:       &Account{ID: 701},
+		APIKeyService: quotaSvc,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.NoError(t, userRepo.lastCtxErr)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, quotaSvc.quotaCalls)
+	require.NoError(t, quotaSvc.lastQuotaCtxErr)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingFingerprintIncludesRequestPayloadHash(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}, &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{})
+
+	payloadHash := HashUsageRequestPayload([]byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hello"}]}`))
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "gateway_payload_hash",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:             &APIKey{ID: 501, Quota: 100},
+		User:               &User{ID: 601},
+		Account:            &Account{ID: 701},
+		RequestPayloadHash: payloadHash,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, billingRepo.lastCmd)
+	require.Equal(t, payloadHash, billingRepo.lastCmd.RequestPayloadHash)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingFingerprintFallsBackToContextRequestID(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}, &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{})
+
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), ctxkey.RequestID, "req-local-123")
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(ctx, &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "gateway_payload_fallback",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 501, Quota: 100},
+		User:    &User{ID: 601},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 701},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, billingRepo.lastCmd)
+	require.Equal(t, "local:req-local-123", billingRepo.lastCmd.RequestPayloadHash)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_UsageLogWriteErrorDoesNotSkipBilling(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false, err: MarkUsageLogCreateNotPersisted(context.Canceled)}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	quotaSvc := &openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub{}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo)
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "gateway_not_persisted",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:    503,
+			Quota: 100,
+		},
+		User:          &User{ID: 603},
+		Account:       &Account{ID: 703},
+		APIKeyService: quotaSvc,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, quotaSvc.quotaCalls)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsageWithLongContext_BillingUsesDetachedContext(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false, err: context.DeadlineExceeded}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	quotaSvc := &openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub{}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo)
+
+	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsageWithLongContext(reqCtx, &RecordUsageLongContextInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "gateway_long_context_detached_ctx",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  12,
+				OutputTokens: 8,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:    502,
+			Quota: 100,
+		},
+		User:                  &User{ID: 602},
+		Account:               &Account{ID: 702},
+		LongContextThreshold:  200000,
+		LongContextMultiplier: 2,
+		APIKeyService:         quotaSvc,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.NoError(t, userRepo.lastCtxErr)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, quotaSvc.quotaCalls)
+	require.NoError(t, quotaSvc.lastQuotaCtxErr)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_UsesFallbackRequestIDForUsageLog(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo)
+
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), ctxkey.RequestID, "gateway-local-fallback")
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(ctx, &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 504},
+		User:    &User{ID: 604},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 704},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog)
+	require.Equal(t, "local:gateway-local-fallback", usageRepo.lastLog.RequestID)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_PrefersClientRequestIDOverUpstreamRequestID(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}, &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{})
+
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), ctxkey.ClientRequestID, "client-stable-123")
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, ctxkey.RequestID, "req-local-ignored")
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(ctx, &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "upstream-volatile-456",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 506},
+		User:    &User{ID: 606},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 706},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, billingRepo.lastCmd)
+	require.Equal(t, "client:client-stable-123", billingRepo.lastCmd.RequestID)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog)
+	require.Equal(t, "client:client-stable-123", usageRepo.lastLog.RequestID)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_GeneratesRequestIDWhenAllSourcesMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}, &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{})
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 507},
+		User:    &User{ID: 607},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 707},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, billingRepo.lastCmd)
+	require.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(billingRepo.lastCmd.RequestID, "generated:"))
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog)
+	require.Equal(t, billingRepo.lastCmd.RequestID, usageRepo.lastLog.RequestID)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_DroppedUsageLogDoesNotSyncFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBestEffortLogRepoStub{
+		bestEffortErr: MarkUsageLogCreateDropped(errors.New("usage log best-effort queue full")),
+	}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}, &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{})
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "gateway_drop_usage_log",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 508},
+		User:    &User{ID: 608},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 708},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.bestEffortCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, usageRepo.createCalls)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingErrorSkipsUsageLogWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{err: context.DeadlineExceeded}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, userRepo, subRepo)
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "gateway_billing_fail",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 505},
+		User:    &User{ID: 605},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 705},
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, billingRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, usageRepo.calls)
+}

backend/internal/service/gateway_service.go

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ const (
 
 	defaultUserGroupRateCacheTTL = 30 * time.Second
 	defaultModelsListCacheTTL    = 15 * time.Second
+	postUsageBillingTimeout      = 15 * time.Second
 )
 
 const (
@@ -106,6 +107,36 @@ func GatewayModelsListCacheStats() (cacheHit, cacheMiss, store int64) {
 	return modelsListCacheHitTotal.Load(), modelsListCacheMissTotal.Load(), modelsListCacheStoreTotal.Load()
 }
 
+func openAIStreamEventIsTerminal(data string) bool {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(data)
+	if trimmed == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if trimmed == "[DONE]" {
+		return true
+	}
+	switch gjson.Get(trimmed, "type").String() {
+	case "response.completed", "response.done", "response.failed":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func anthropicStreamEventIsTerminal(eventName, data string) bool {
+	if strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(eventName), "message_stop") {
+		return true
+	}
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(data)
+	if trimmed == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if trimmed == "[DONE]" {
+		return true
+	}
+	return gjson.Get(trimmed, "type").String() == "message_stop"
+}
+
 func cloneStringSlice(src []string) []string {
 	if len(src) == 0 {
 		return nil
@@ -504,6 +535,7 @@ type GatewayService struct {
 	accountRepo           AccountRepository
 	groupRepo             GroupRepository
 	usageLogRepo          UsageLogRepository
+	usageBillingRepo      UsageBillingRepository
 	userRepo              UserRepository
 	userSubRepo           UserSubscriptionRepository
 	userGroupRateRepo     UserGroupRateRepository
@@ -537,6 +569,7 @@ func NewGatewayService(
 	accountRepo AccountRepository,
 	groupRepo GroupRepository,
 	usageLogRepo UsageLogRepository,
+	usageBillingRepo UsageBillingRepository,
 	userRepo UserRepository,
 	userSubRepo UserSubscriptionRepository,
 	userGroupRateRepo UserGroupRateRepository,
@@ -563,6 +596,7 @@ func NewGatewayService(
 		accountRepo:          accountRepo,
 		groupRepo:            groupRepo,
 		usageLogRepo:         usageLogRepo,
+		usageBillingRepo:     usageBillingRepo,
 		userRepo:             userRepo,
 		userSubRepo:          userSubRepo,
 		userGroupRateRepo:    userGroupRateRepo,
@@ -3336,6 +3370,10 @@ func (s *GatewayService) isModelSupportedByAccount(account *Account, requestedMo
 	if account.Platform == PlatformSora {
 		return s.isSoraModelSupportedByAccount(account, requestedModel)
 	}
+	if account.IsBedrock() {
+		_, ok := ResolveBedrockModelID(account, requestedModel)
+		return ok
+	}
 	// OAuth/SetupToken 账号使用 Anthropic 标准映射（短ID → 长ID）
 	if account.Platform == PlatformAnthropic && account.Type != AccountTypeAPIKey {
 		requestedModel = claude.NormalizeModelID(requestedModel)
@@ -3493,6 +3531,10 @@ func (s *GatewayService) GetAccessToken(ctx context.Context, account *Account) (
 			return "", "", errors.New("api_key not found in credentials")
 		}
 		return apiKey, "apikey", nil
+	case AccountTypeBedrock:
+		return "", "bedrock", nil // Bedrock 使用 SigV4 签名，不需要 token
+	case AccountTypeBedrockAPIKey:
+		return "", "bedrock-apikey", nil // Bedrock API Key 使用 Bearer Token，由 forwardBedrock 处理
 	default:
 		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported account type: %s", account.Type)
 	}
@@ -3948,6 +3990,10 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 		return s.forwardAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(ctx, c, account, passthroughBody, passthroughModel, parsed.Stream, startTime)
 	}
 
+	if account != nil && account.IsBedrock() {
+		return s.forwardBedrock(ctx, c, account, parsed, startTime)
+	}
+
 	// Beta policy: evaluate once; block check + cache filter set for buildUpstreamRequest.
 	// Always overwrite the cache to prevent stale values from a previous retry with a different account.
 	if account.Platform == PlatformAnthropic && c != nil {
@@ -4049,7 +4095,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 	retryStart := time.Now()
 	for attempt := 1; attempt <= maxRetryAttempts; attempt++ {
 		// 构建上游请求（每次重试需要重新构建，因为请求体需要重新读取）
-		upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequest(ctx, c, account, body, token, tokenType, reqModel, reqStream, shouldMimicClaudeCode)
+		upstreamCtx, releaseUpstreamCtx := detachStreamUpstreamContext(ctx, reqStream)
+		upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequest(upstreamCtx, c, account, body, token, tokenType, reqModel, reqStream, shouldMimicClaudeCode)
+		releaseUpstreamCtx()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -4127,7 +4175,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 					//    also downgrade tool_use/tool_result blocks to text.
 
 					filteredBody := FilterThinkingBlocksForRetry(body)
-					retryReq, buildErr := s.buildUpstreamRequest(ctx, c, account, filteredBody, token, tokenType, reqModel, reqStream, shouldMimicClaudeCode)
+					retryCtx, releaseRetryCtx := detachStreamUpstreamContext(ctx, reqStream)
+					retryReq, buildErr := s.buildUpstreamRequest(retryCtx, c, account, filteredBody, token, tokenType, reqModel, reqStream, shouldMimicClaudeCode)
+					releaseRetryCtx()
 					if buildErr == nil {
 						retryResp, retryErr := s.httpUpstream.DoWithTLS(retryReq, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency, account.IsTLSFingerprintEnabled())
 						if retryErr == nil {
@@ -4159,7 +4209,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 								if looksLikeToolSignatureError(msg2) && time.Since(retryStart) < maxRetryElapsed {
 									logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Account %d: signature retry still failing and looks tool-related, retrying with tool blocks downgraded", account.ID)
 									filteredBody2 := FilterSignatureSensitiveBlocksForRetry(body)
-									retryReq2, buildErr2 := s.buildUpstreamRequest(ctx, c, account, filteredBody2, token, tokenType, reqModel, reqStream, shouldMimicClaudeCode)
+									retryCtx2, releaseRetryCtx2 := detachStreamUpstreamContext(ctx, reqStream)
+									retryReq2, buildErr2 := s.buildUpstreamRequest(retryCtx2, c, account, filteredBody2, token, tokenType, reqModel, reqStream, shouldMimicClaudeCode)
+									releaseRetryCtx2()
 									if buildErr2 == nil {
 										retryResp2, retryErr2 := s.httpUpstream.DoWithTLS(retryReq2, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency, account.IsTLSFingerprintEnabled())
 										if retryErr2 == nil {
@@ -4226,7 +4278,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 					rectifiedBody, applied := RectifyThinkingBudget(body)
 					if applied && time.Since(retryStart) < maxRetryElapsed {
 						logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Account %d: detected budget_tokens constraint error, retrying with rectified budget (budget_tokens=%d, max_tokens=%d)", account.ID, BudgetRectifyBudgetTokens, BudgetRectifyMaxTokens)
-						budgetRetryReq, buildErr := s.buildUpstreamRequest(ctx, c, account, rectifiedBody, token, tokenType, reqModel, reqStream, shouldMimicClaudeCode)
+						budgetRetryCtx, releaseBudgetRetryCtx := detachStreamUpstreamContext(ctx, reqStream)
+						budgetRetryReq, buildErr := s.buildUpstreamRequest(budgetRetryCtx, c, account, rectifiedBody, token, tokenType, reqModel, reqStream, shouldMimicClaudeCode)
+						releaseBudgetRetryCtx()
 						if buildErr == nil {
 							budgetRetryResp, retryErr := s.httpUpstream.DoWithTLS(budgetRetryReq, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency, account.IsTLSFingerprintEnabled())
 							if retryErr == nil {
@@ -4498,7 +4552,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) forwardAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(
 	var resp *http.Response
 	retryStart := time.Now()
 	for attempt := 1; attempt <= maxRetryAttempts; attempt++ {
-		upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequestAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(ctx, c, account, body, token)
+		upstreamCtx, releaseUpstreamCtx := detachStreamUpstreamContext(ctx, reqStream)
+		upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequestAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(upstreamCtx, c, account, body, token)
+		releaseUpstreamCtx()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -4774,6 +4830,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleStreamingResponseAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(
 	usage := &ClaudeUsage{}
 	var firstTokenMs *int
 	clientDisconnected := false
+	sawTerminalEvent := false
 
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(resp.Body)
 	maxLineSize := defaultMaxLineSize
@@ -4836,17 +4893,20 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleStreamingResponseAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(
 					// 兜底补刷，确保最后一个未以空行结尾的事件也能及时送达客户端。
 					flusher.Flush()
 				}
+				if !sawTerminalEvent {
+					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: clientDisconnected}, fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete: missing terminal event")
+				}
 				return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: clientDisconnected}, nil
 			}
 			if ev.err != nil {
+				if sawTerminalEvent {
+					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: clientDisconnected}, nil
+				}
 				if clientDisconnected {
-					logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[Anthropic passthrough] Upstream read error after client disconnect: account=%d err=%v", account.ID, ev.err)
-					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, nil
+					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete after disconnect: %w", ev.err)
 				}
 				if errors.Is(ev.err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(ev.err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-					logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[Anthropic passthrough] 流读取被取消: account=%d request_id=%s err=%v ctx_err=%v",
-						account.ID, resp.Header.Get("x-request-id"), ev.err, ctx.Err())
-					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, nil
+					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete: %w", ev.err)
 				}
 				if errors.Is(ev.err, bufio.ErrTooLong) {
 					logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[Anthropic passthrough] SSE line too long: account=%d max_size=%d error=%v", account.ID, maxLineSize, ev.err)
@@ -4858,11 +4918,19 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleStreamingResponseAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(
 			line := ev.line
 			if data, ok := extractAnthropicSSEDataLine(line); ok {
 				trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(data)
+				if anthropicStreamEventIsTerminal("", trimmed) {
+					sawTerminalEvent = true
+				}
 				if firstTokenMs == nil && trimmed != "" && trimmed != "[DONE]" {
 					ms := int(time.Since(startTime).Milliseconds())
 					firstTokenMs = &ms
 				}
 				s.parseSSEUsagePassthrough(data, usage)
+			} else {
+				trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(line)
+				if strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "event:") && anthropicStreamEventIsTerminal(strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(trimmed, "event:")), "") {
+					sawTerminalEvent = true
+				}
 			}
 
 			if !clientDisconnected {
@@ -4884,8 +4952,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleStreamingResponseAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(
 				continue
 			}
 			if clientDisconnected {
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[Anthropic passthrough] Upstream timeout after client disconnect: account=%d model=%s", account.ID, model)
-				return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, nil
+				return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete after timeout")
 			}
 			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[Anthropic passthrough] Stream data interval timeout: account=%d model=%s interval=%s", account.ID, model, streamInterval)
 			if s.rateLimitService != nil {
@@ -5068,6 +5135,366 @@ func writeAnthropicPassthroughResponseHeaders(dst http.Header, src http.Header,
 	}
 }
 
+// forwardBedrock 转发请求到 AWS Bedrock
+func (s *GatewayService) forwardBedrock(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	c *gin.Context,
+	account *Account,
+	parsed *ParsedRequest,
+	startTime time.Time,
+) (*ForwardResult, error) {
+	reqModel := parsed.Model
+	reqStream := parsed.Stream
+	body := parsed.Body
+
+	region := bedrockRuntimeRegion(account)
+	mappedModel, ok := ResolveBedrockModelID(account, reqModel)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported bedrock model: %s", reqModel)
+	}
+	if mappedModel != reqModel {
+		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[Bedrock] Model mapping: %s -> %s (account: %s)", reqModel, mappedModel, account.Name)
+	}
+
+	betaHeader := ""
+	if c != nil && c.Request != nil {
+		betaHeader = c.GetHeader("anthropic-beta")
+	}
+
+	// 准备请求体（注入 anthropic_version/anthropic_beta，移除 Bedrock 不支持的字段，清理 cache_control）
+	betaTokens, err := s.resolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest(ctx, account, betaHeader, body, mappedModel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	bedrockBody, err := PrepareBedrockRequestBodyWithTokens(body, mappedModel, betaTokens)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("prepare bedrock request body: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	proxyURL := ""
+	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
+		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
+	}
+
+	logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[Bedrock] 命中 Bedrock 分支: account=%d name=%s model=%s->%s stream=%v",
+		account.ID, account.Name, reqModel, mappedModel, reqStream)
+
+	// 根据账号类型选择认证方式
+	var signer *BedrockSigner
+	var bedrockAPIKey string
+	if account.IsBedrockAPIKey() {
+		bedrockAPIKey = account.GetCredential("api_key")
+		if bedrockAPIKey == "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("api_key not found in bedrock-apikey credentials")
+		}
+	} else {
+		signer, err = NewBedrockSignerFromAccount(account)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create bedrock signer: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 执行上游请求（含重试）
+	resp, err := s.executeBedrockUpstream(ctx, c, account, bedrockBody, mappedModel, region, reqStream, signer, bedrockAPIKey, proxyURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	// 将 Bedrock 的 x-amzn-requestid 映射到 x-request-id，
+	// 使通用错误处理函数（handleErrorResponse、handleRetryExhaustedError）能正确提取 AWS request ID。
+	if awsReqID := resp.Header.Get("x-amzn-requestid"); awsReqID != "" && resp.Header.Get("x-request-id") == "" {
+		resp.Header.Set("x-request-id", awsReqID)
+	}
+
+	// 错误/failover 处理
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		return s.handleBedrockUpstreamErrors(ctx, resp, c, account)
+	}
+
+	// 响应处理
+	var usage *ClaudeUsage
+	var firstTokenMs *int
+	var clientDisconnect bool
+	if reqStream {
+		streamResult, err := s.handleBedrockStreamingResponse(ctx, resp, c, account, startTime, reqModel)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		usage = streamResult.usage
+		firstTokenMs = streamResult.firstTokenMs
+		clientDisconnect = streamResult.clientDisconnect
+	} else {
+		usage, err = s.handleBedrockNonStreamingResponse(ctx, resp, c, account)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if usage == nil {
+		usage = &ClaudeUsage{}
+	}
+
+	return &ForwardResult{
+		RequestID:        resp.Header.Get("x-amzn-requestid"),
+		Usage:            *usage,
+		Model:            reqModel,
+		Stream:           reqStream,
+		Duration:         time.Since(startTime),
+		FirstTokenMs:     firstTokenMs,
+		ClientDisconnect: clientDisconnect,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// executeBedrockUpstream 执行 Bedrock 上游请求（含重试逻辑）
+func (s *GatewayService) executeBedrockUpstream(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	c *gin.Context,
+	account *Account,
+	body []byte,
+	modelID string,
+	region string,
+	stream bool,
+	signer *BedrockSigner,
+	apiKey string,
+	proxyURL string,
+) (*http.Response, error) {
+	var resp *http.Response
+	var err error
+	retryStart := time.Now()
+	for attempt := 1; attempt <= maxRetryAttempts; attempt++ {
+		var upstreamReq *http.Request
+		if account.IsBedrockAPIKey() {
+			upstreamReq, err = s.buildUpstreamRequestBedrockAPIKey(ctx, body, modelID, region, stream, apiKey)
+		} else {
+			upstreamReq, err = s.buildUpstreamRequestBedrock(ctx, body, modelID, region, stream, signer)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		resp, err = s.httpUpstream.DoWithTLS(upstreamReq, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			if resp != nil && resp.Body != nil {
+				_ = resp.Body.Close()
+			}
+			safeErr := sanitizeUpstreamErrorMessage(err.Error())
+			setOpsUpstreamError(c, 0, safeErr, "")
+			appendOpsUpstreamError(c, OpsUpstreamErrorEvent{
+				Platform:           account.Platform,
+				AccountID:          account.ID,
+				AccountName:        account.Name,
+				UpstreamStatusCode: 0,
+				Kind:               "request_error",
+				Message:            safeErr,
+			})
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadGateway, gin.H{
+				"type": "error",
+				"error": gin.H{
+					"type":    "upstream_error",
+					"message": "Upstream request failed",
+				},
+			})
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("upstream request failed: %s", safeErr)
+		}
+
+		if resp.StatusCode >= 400 && resp.StatusCode != 400 && s.shouldRetryUpstreamError(account, resp.StatusCode) {
+			if attempt < maxRetryAttempts {
+				elapsed := time.Since(retryStart)
+				if elapsed >= maxRetryElapsed {
+					break
+				}
+
+				delay := retryBackoffDelay(attempt)
+				remaining := maxRetryElapsed - elapsed
+				if delay > remaining {
+					delay = remaining
+				}
+				if delay <= 0 {
+					break
+				}
+
+				respBody, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 2<<20))
+				_ = resp.Body.Close()
+				appendOpsUpstreamError(c, OpsUpstreamErrorEvent{
+					Platform:           account.Platform,
+					AccountID:          account.ID,
+					AccountName:        account.Name,
+					UpstreamStatusCode: resp.StatusCode,
+					Kind:               "retry",
+					Message:            extractUpstreamErrorMessage(respBody),
+					Detail: func() string {
+						if s.cfg != nil && s.cfg.Gateway.LogUpstreamErrorBody {
+							return truncateString(string(respBody), s.cfg.Gateway.LogUpstreamErrorBodyMaxBytes)
+						}
+						return ""
+					}(),
+				})
+				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[Bedrock] account %d: upstream error %d, retry %d/%d after %v",
+					account.ID, resp.StatusCode, attempt, maxRetryAttempts, delay)
+				if err := sleepWithContext(ctx, delay); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			break
+		}
+
+		break
+	}
+	if resp == nil || resp.Body == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("upstream request failed: empty response")
+	}
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+// handleBedrockUpstreamErrors 处理 Bedrock 上游 4xx/5xx 错误（failover + 错误响应）
+func (s *GatewayService) handleBedrockUpstreamErrors(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	resp *http.Response,
+	c *gin.Context,
+	account *Account,
+) (*ForwardResult, error) {
+	// retry exhausted + failover
+	if s.shouldRetryUpstreamError(account, resp.StatusCode) {
+		if s.shouldFailoverUpstreamError(resp.StatusCode) {
+			respBody, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 2<<20))
+			_ = resp.Body.Close()
+			resp.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(respBody))
+
+			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[Bedrock] Upstream error (retry exhausted, failover): Account=%d(%s) Status=%d Body=%s",
+				account.ID, account.Name, resp.StatusCode, truncateString(string(respBody), 1000))
+
+			s.handleRetryExhaustedSideEffects(ctx, resp, account)
+			appendOpsUpstreamError(c, OpsUpstreamErrorEvent{
+				Platform:           account.Platform,
+				AccountID:          account.ID,
+				AccountName:        account.Name,
+				UpstreamStatusCode: resp.StatusCode,
+				Kind:               "retry_exhausted_failover",
+				Message:            extractUpstreamErrorMessage(respBody),
+			})
+			return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{
+				StatusCode:   resp.StatusCode,
+				ResponseBody: respBody,
+			}
+		}
+		return s.handleRetryExhaustedError(ctx, resp, c, account)
+	}
+
+	// non-retryable failover
+	if s.shouldFailoverUpstreamError(resp.StatusCode) {
+		respBody, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 2<<20))
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+		resp.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(respBody))
+
+		s.handleFailoverSideEffects(ctx, resp, account)
+		appendOpsUpstreamError(c, OpsUpstreamErrorEvent{
+			Platform:           account.Platform,
+			AccountID:          account.ID,
+			AccountName:        account.Name,
+			UpstreamStatusCode: resp.StatusCode,
+			Kind:               "failover",
+			Message:            extractUpstreamErrorMessage(respBody),
+		})
+		return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{
+			StatusCode:   resp.StatusCode,
+			ResponseBody: respBody,
+		}
+	}
+
+	// other errors
+	return s.handleErrorResponse(ctx, resp, c, account)
+}
+
+// buildUpstreamRequestBedrock 构建 Bedrock 上游请求
+func (s *GatewayService) buildUpstreamRequestBedrock(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	body []byte,
+	modelID string,
+	region string,
+	stream bool,
+	signer *BedrockSigner,
+) (*http.Request, error) {
+	targetURL := BuildBedrockURL(region, modelID, stream)
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, targetURL, bytes.NewReader(body))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+
+	// SigV4 签名
+	if err := signer.SignRequest(ctx, req, body); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("sign bedrock request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return req, nil
+}
+
+// buildUpstreamRequestBedrockAPIKey 构建 Bedrock API Key (Bearer Token) 上游请求
+func (s *GatewayService) buildUpstreamRequestBedrockAPIKey(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	body []byte,
+	modelID string,
+	region string,
+	stream bool,
+	apiKey string,
+) (*http.Request, error) {
+	targetURL := BuildBedrockURL(region, modelID, stream)
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, targetURL, bytes.NewReader(body))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+apiKey)
+
+	return req, nil
+}
+
+// handleBedrockNonStreamingResponse 处理 Bedrock 非流式响应
+// Bedrock InvokeModel 非流式响应的 body 格式与 Claude API 兼容
+func (s *GatewayService) handleBedrockNonStreamingResponse(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	resp *http.Response,
+	c *gin.Context,
+	account *Account,
+) (*ClaudeUsage, error) {
+	maxBytes := resolveUpstreamResponseReadLimit(s.cfg)
+	body, err := readUpstreamResponseBodyLimited(resp.Body, maxBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrUpstreamResponseBodyTooLarge) {
+			setOpsUpstreamError(c, http.StatusBadGateway, "upstream response too large", "")
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadGateway, gin.H{
+				"type": "error",
+				"error": gin.H{
+					"type":    "upstream_error",
+					"message": "Upstream response too large",
+				},
+			})
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// 转换 Bedrock 特有的 amazon-bedrock-invocationMetrics 为标准 Anthropic usage 格式
+	// 并移除该字段避免透传给客户端
+	body = transformBedrockInvocationMetrics(body)
+
+	usage := parseClaudeUsageFromResponseBody(body)
+
+	c.Header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	if v := resp.Header.Get("x-amzn-requestid"); v != "" {
+		c.Header("x-request-id", v)
+	}
+	c.Data(resp.StatusCode, "application/json", body)
+	return usage, nil
+}
+
 func (s *GatewayService) buildUpstreamRequest(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *Account, body []byte, token, tokenType, modelID string, reqStream bool, mimicClaudeCode bool) (*http.Request, error) {
 	// 确定目标URL
 	targetURL := claudeAPIURL
@@ -5481,6 +5908,76 @@ func containsBetaToken(header, token string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func filterBetaTokens(tokens []string, filterSet map[string]struct{}) []string {
+	if len(tokens) == 0 || len(filterSet) == 0 {
+		return tokens
+	}
+	kept := make([]string, 0, len(tokens))
+	for _, token := range tokens {
+		if _, filtered := filterSet[token]; !filtered {
+			kept = append(kept, token)
+		}
+	}
+	return kept
+}
+
+func (s *GatewayService) resolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	account *Account,
+	betaHeader string,
+	body []byte,
+	modelID string,
+) ([]string, error) {
+	// 1. 对原始 header 中的 beta token 做 block 检查（快速失败）
+	policy := s.evaluateBetaPolicy(ctx, betaHeader, account)
+	if policy.blockErr != nil {
+		return nil, policy.blockErr
+	}
+
+	// 2. 解析 header + body 自动注入 + Bedrock 转换/过滤
+	betaTokens := ResolveBedrockBetaTokens(betaHeader, body, modelID)
+
+	// 3. 对最终 token 列表再做 block 检查，捕获通过 body 自动注入绕过 header block 的情况。
+	//    例如：管理员 block 了 interleaved-thinking，客户端不在 header 中带该 token，
+	//    但请求体中包含 thinking 字段 → autoInjectBedrockBetaTokens 会自动补齐 →
+	//    如果不做此检查，block 规则会被绕过。
+	if blockErr := s.checkBetaPolicyBlockForTokens(ctx, betaTokens, account); blockErr != nil {
+		return nil, blockErr
+	}
+
+	return filterBetaTokens(betaTokens, policy.filterSet), nil
+}
+
+// checkBetaPolicyBlockForTokens 检查 token 列表中是否有被管理员 block 规则命中的 token。
+// 用于补充 evaluateBetaPolicy 对 header 的检查，覆盖 body 自动注入的 token。
+func (s *GatewayService) checkBetaPolicyBlockForTokens(ctx context.Context, tokens []string, account *Account) *BetaBlockedError {
+	if s.settingService == nil || len(tokens) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	settings, err := s.settingService.GetBetaPolicySettings(ctx)
+	if err != nil || settings == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	isOAuth := account.IsOAuth()
+	tokenSet := buildBetaTokenSet(tokens)
+	for _, rule := range settings.Rules {
+		if rule.Action != BetaPolicyActionBlock {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !betaPolicyScopeMatches(rule.Scope, isOAuth) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, present := tokenSet[rule.BetaToken]; present {
+			msg := rule.ErrorMessage
+			if msg == "" {
+				msg = "beta feature " + rule.BetaToken + " is not allowed"
+			}
+			return &BetaBlockedError{Message: msg}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func buildBetaTokenSet(tokens []string) map[string]struct{} {
 	m := make(map[string]struct{}, len(tokens))
 	for _, t := range tokens {
@@ -6027,6 +6524,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp *http
 
 	needModelReplace := originalModel != mappedModel
 	clientDisconnected := false // 客户端断开标志，断开后继续读取上游以获取完整usage
+	sawTerminalEvent := false
 
 	pendingEventLines := make([]string, 0, 4)
 
@@ -6057,6 +6555,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp *http
 		}
 
 		if dataLine == "[DONE]" {
+			sawTerminalEvent = true
 			block := ""
 			if eventName != "" {
 				block = "event: " + eventName + "\n"
@@ -6123,6 +6622,9 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp *http
 		}
 
 		usagePatch := s.extractSSEUsagePatch(event)
+		if anthropicStreamEventIsTerminal(eventName, dataLine) {
+			sawTerminalEvent = true
+		}
 		if !eventChanged {
 			block := ""
 			if eventName != "" {
@@ -6156,18 +6658,22 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp *http
 		case ev, ok := <-events:
 			if !ok {
 				// 上游完成，返回结果
+				if !sawTerminalEvent {
+					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: clientDisconnected}, fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete: missing terminal event")
+				}
 				return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: clientDisconnected}, nil
 			}
 			if ev.err != nil {
+				if sawTerminalEvent {
+					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: clientDisconnected}, nil
+				}
 				// 检测 context 取消（客户端断开会导致 context 取消，进而影响上游读取）
 				if errors.Is(ev.err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(ev.err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-					logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Context canceled during streaming, returning collected usage")
-					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, nil
+					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete: %w", ev.err)
 				}
 				// 客户端已通过写入失败检测到断开，上游也出错了，返回已收集的 usage
 				if clientDisconnected {
-					logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Upstream read error after client disconnect: %v, returning collected usage", ev.err)
-					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, nil
+					return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete after disconnect: %w", ev.err)
 				}
 				// 客户端未断开，正常的错误处理
 				if errors.Is(ev.err, bufio.ErrTooLong) {
@@ -6226,9 +6732,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp *http
 				continue
 			}
 			if clientDisconnected {
-				// 客户端已断开，上游也超时了，返回已收集的 usage
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Upstream timeout after client disconnect, returning collected usage")
-				return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, nil
+				return &streamingResult{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs, clientDisconnect: true}, fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete after timeout")
 			}
 			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Stream data interval timeout: account=%d model=%s interval=%s", account.ID, originalModel, streamInterval)
 			// 处理流超时，可能标记账户为临时不可调度或错误状态
@@ -6590,15 +7094,16 @@ func (s *GatewayService) getUserGroupRateMultiplier(ctx context.Context, userID,
 
 // RecordUsageInput 记录使用量的输入参数
 type RecordUsageInput struct {
-	Result            *ForwardResult
-	APIKey            *APIKey
-	User              *User
-	Account           *Account
-	Subscription      *UserSubscription  // 可选：订阅信息
-	UserAgent         string             // 请求的 User-Agent
-	IPAddress         string             // 请求的客户端 IP 地址
-	ForceCacheBilling bool               // 强制缓存计费：将 input_tokens 转为 cache_read 计费（用于粘性会话切换）
-	APIKeyService     APIKeyQuotaUpdater // 可选：用于更新API Key配额
+	Result             *ForwardResult
+	APIKey             *APIKey
+	User               *User
+	Account            *Account
+	Subscription       *UserSubscription  // 可选：订阅信息
+	UserAgent          string             // 请求的 User-Agent
+	IPAddress          string             // 请求的客户端 IP 地址
+	RequestPayloadHash string             // 请求体语义哈希，用于降低 request_id 误复用时的静默误去重风险
+	ForceCacheBilling  bool               // 强制缓存计费：将 input_tokens 转为 cache_read 计费（用于粘性会话切换）
+	APIKeyService      APIKeyQuotaUpdater // 可选：用于更新API Key配额
 }
 
 // APIKeyQuotaUpdater defines the interface for updating API Key quota and rate limit usage
@@ -6607,6 +7112,14 @@ type APIKeyQuotaUpdater interface {
 	UpdateRateLimitUsage(ctx context.Context, apiKeyID int64, cost float64) error
 }
 
+type apiKeyAuthCacheInvalidator interface {
+	InvalidateAuthCacheByKey(ctx context.Context, key string)
+}
+
+type usageLogBestEffortWriter interface {
+	CreateBestEffort(ctx context.Context, log *UsageLog) error
+}
+
 // postUsageBillingParams 统一扣费所需的参数
 type postUsageBillingParams struct {
 	Cost                  *CostBreakdown
@@ -6614,6 +7127,7 @@ type postUsageBillingParams struct {
 	APIKey                *APIKey
 	Account               *Account
 	Subscription          *UserSubscription
+	RequestPayloadHash    string
 	IsSubscriptionBill    bool
 	AccountRateMultiplier float64
 	APIKeyService         APIKeyQuotaUpdater
@@ -6625,19 +7139,22 @@ type postUsageBillingParams struct {
 //   - API Key 限速用量更新
 //   - 账号配额用量更新（账号口径：TotalCost × 账号计费倍率）
 func postUsageBilling(ctx context.Context, p *postUsageBillingParams, deps *billingDeps) {
+	billingCtx, cancel := detachedBillingContext(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
 	cost := p.Cost
 
 	// 1. 订阅 / 余额扣费
 	if p.IsSubscriptionBill {
 		if cost.TotalCost > 0 {
-			if err := deps.userSubRepo.IncrementUsage(ctx, p.Subscription.ID, cost.TotalCost); err != nil {
+			if err := deps.userSubRepo.IncrementUsage(billingCtx, p.Subscription.ID, cost.TotalCost); err != nil {
 				slog.Error("increment subscription usage failed", "subscription_id", p.Subscription.ID, "error", err)
 			}
 			deps.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateSubscriptionUsage(p.User.ID, *p.APIKey.GroupID, cost.TotalCost)
 		}
 	} else {
 		if cost.ActualCost > 0 {
-			if err := deps.userRepo.DeductBalance(ctx, p.User.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
+			if err := deps.userRepo.DeductBalance(billingCtx, p.User.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
 				slog.Error("deduct balance failed", "user_id", p.User.ID, "error", err)
 			}
 			deps.billingCacheService.QueueDeductBalance(p.User.ID, cost.ActualCost)
@@ -6646,31 +7163,187 @@ func postUsageBilling(ctx context.Context, p *postUsageBillingParams, deps *bill
 
 	// 2. API Key 配额
 	if cost.ActualCost > 0 && p.APIKey.Quota > 0 && p.APIKeyService != nil {
-		if err := p.APIKeyService.UpdateQuotaUsed(ctx, p.APIKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
+		if err := p.APIKeyService.UpdateQuotaUsed(billingCtx, p.APIKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
 			slog.Error("update api key quota failed", "api_key_id", p.APIKey.ID, "error", err)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// 3. API Key 限速用量
 	if cost.ActualCost > 0 && p.APIKey.HasRateLimits() && p.APIKeyService != nil {
-		if err := p.APIKeyService.UpdateRateLimitUsage(ctx, p.APIKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
+		if err := p.APIKeyService.UpdateRateLimitUsage(billingCtx, p.APIKey.ID, cost.ActualCost); err != nil {
 			slog.Error("update api key rate limit usage failed", "api_key_id", p.APIKey.ID, "error", err)
 		}
-		deps.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateAPIKeyRateLimitUsage(p.APIKey.ID, cost.ActualCost)
 	}
 
 	// 4. 账号配额用量（账号口径：TotalCost × 账号计费倍率）
 	if cost.TotalCost > 0 && p.Account.Type == AccountTypeAPIKey && p.Account.HasAnyQuotaLimit() {
 		accountCost := cost.TotalCost * p.AccountRateMultiplier
-		if err := deps.accountRepo.IncrementQuotaUsed(ctx, p.Account.ID, accountCost); err != nil {
+		if err := deps.accountRepo.IncrementQuotaUsed(billingCtx, p.Account.ID, accountCost); err != nil {
 			slog.Error("increment account quota used failed", "account_id", p.Account.ID, "cost", accountCost, "error", err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	// 5. 更新账号最近使用时间
+	finalizePostUsageBilling(p, deps)
+}
+
+func resolveUsageBillingRequestID(ctx context.Context, upstreamRequestID string) string {
+	if ctx != nil {
+		if clientRequestID, _ := ctx.Value(ctxkey.ClientRequestID).(string); strings.TrimSpace(clientRequestID) != "" {
+			return "client:" + strings.TrimSpace(clientRequestID)
+		}
+		if requestID, _ := ctx.Value(ctxkey.RequestID).(string); strings.TrimSpace(requestID) != "" {
+			return "local:" + strings.TrimSpace(requestID)
+		}
+	}
+	if requestID := strings.TrimSpace(upstreamRequestID); requestID != "" {
+		return requestID
+	}
+	return "generated:" + generateRequestID()
+}
+
+func resolveUsageBillingPayloadFingerprint(ctx context.Context, requestPayloadHash string) string {
+	if payloadHash := strings.TrimSpace(requestPayloadHash); payloadHash != "" {
+		return payloadHash
+	}
+	if ctx != nil {
+		if clientRequestID, _ := ctx.Value(ctxkey.ClientRequestID).(string); strings.TrimSpace(clientRequestID) != "" {
+			return "client:" + strings.TrimSpace(clientRequestID)
+		}
+		if requestID, _ := ctx.Value(ctxkey.RequestID).(string); strings.TrimSpace(requestID) != "" {
+			return "local:" + strings.TrimSpace(requestID)
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func buildUsageBillingCommand(requestID string, usageLog *UsageLog, p *postUsageBillingParams) *UsageBillingCommand {
+	if p == nil || p.Cost == nil || p.APIKey == nil || p.User == nil || p.Account == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	cmd := &UsageBillingCommand{
+		RequestID:          requestID,
+		APIKeyID:           p.APIKey.ID,
+		UserID:             p.User.ID,
+		AccountID:          p.Account.ID,
+		AccountType:        p.Account.Type,
+		RequestPayloadHash: strings.TrimSpace(p.RequestPayloadHash),
+	}
+	if usageLog != nil {
+		cmd.Model = usageLog.Model
+		cmd.BillingType = usageLog.BillingType
+		cmd.InputTokens = usageLog.InputTokens
+		cmd.OutputTokens = usageLog.OutputTokens
+		cmd.CacheCreationTokens = usageLog.CacheCreationTokens
+		cmd.CacheReadTokens = usageLog.CacheReadTokens
+		cmd.ImageCount = usageLog.ImageCount
+		if usageLog.MediaType != nil {
+			cmd.MediaType = *usageLog.MediaType
+		}
+		if usageLog.ServiceTier != nil {
+			cmd.ServiceTier = *usageLog.ServiceTier
+		}
+		if usageLog.ReasoningEffort != nil {
+			cmd.ReasoningEffort = *usageLog.ReasoningEffort
+		}
+		if usageLog.SubscriptionID != nil {
+			cmd.SubscriptionID = usageLog.SubscriptionID
+		}
+	}
+
+	if p.IsSubscriptionBill && p.Subscription != nil && p.Cost.TotalCost > 0 {
+		cmd.SubscriptionID = &p.Subscription.ID
+		cmd.SubscriptionCost = p.Cost.TotalCost
+	} else if p.Cost.ActualCost > 0 {
+		cmd.BalanceCost = p.Cost.ActualCost
+	}
+
+	if p.Cost.ActualCost > 0 && p.APIKey.Quota > 0 && p.APIKeyService != nil {
+		cmd.APIKeyQuotaCost = p.Cost.ActualCost
+	}
+	if p.Cost.ActualCost > 0 && p.APIKey.HasRateLimits() && p.APIKeyService != nil {
+		cmd.APIKeyRateLimitCost = p.Cost.ActualCost
+	}
+	if p.Cost.TotalCost > 0 && p.Account.Type == AccountTypeAPIKey && p.Account.HasAnyQuotaLimit() {
+		cmd.AccountQuotaCost = p.Cost.TotalCost * p.AccountRateMultiplier
+	}
+
+	cmd.Normalize()
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func applyUsageBilling(ctx context.Context, requestID string, usageLog *UsageLog, p *postUsageBillingParams, deps *billingDeps, repo UsageBillingRepository) (bool, error) {
+	if p == nil || deps == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	cmd := buildUsageBillingCommand(requestID, usageLog, p)
+	if cmd == nil || cmd.RequestID == "" || repo == nil {
+		postUsageBilling(ctx, p, deps)
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	billingCtx, cancel := detachedBillingContext(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	result, err := repo.Apply(billingCtx, cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	if result == nil || !result.Applied {
+		deps.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(p.Account.ID)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	if result.APIKeyQuotaExhausted {
+		if invalidator, ok := p.APIKeyService.(apiKeyAuthCacheInvalidator); ok && p.APIKey != nil && p.APIKey.Key != "" {
+			invalidator.InvalidateAuthCacheByKey(billingCtx, p.APIKey.Key)
+		}
+	}
+
+	finalizePostUsageBilling(p, deps)
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func finalizePostUsageBilling(p *postUsageBillingParams, deps *billingDeps) {
+	if p == nil || p.Cost == nil || deps == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if p.IsSubscriptionBill {
+		if p.Cost.TotalCost > 0 && p.User != nil && p.APIKey != nil && p.APIKey.GroupID != nil {
+			deps.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateSubscriptionUsage(p.User.ID, *p.APIKey.GroupID, p.Cost.TotalCost)
+		}
+	} else if p.Cost.ActualCost > 0 && p.User != nil {
+		deps.billingCacheService.QueueDeductBalance(p.User.ID, p.Cost.ActualCost)
+	}
+
+	if p.Cost.ActualCost > 0 && p.APIKey != nil && p.APIKey.HasRateLimits() {
+		deps.billingCacheService.QueueUpdateAPIKeyRateLimitUsage(p.APIKey.ID, p.Cost.ActualCost)
+	}
+
 	deps.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(p.Account.ID)
 }
 
+func detachedBillingContext(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+	base := context.Background()
+	if ctx != nil {
+		base = context.WithoutCancel(ctx)
+	}
+	return context.WithTimeout(base, postUsageBillingTimeout)
+}
+
+func detachStreamUpstreamContext(ctx context.Context, stream bool) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+	if !stream {
+		return ctx, func() {}
+	}
+	if ctx == nil {
+		return context.Background(), func() {}
+	}
+	return context.WithoutCancel(ctx), func() {}
+}
+
 // billingDeps 扣费逻辑依赖的服务（由各 gateway service 提供）
 type billingDeps struct {
 	accountRepo         AccountRepository
@@ -6690,6 +7363,31 @@ func (s *GatewayService) billingDeps() *billingDeps {
 	}
 }
 
+func writeUsageLogBestEffort(ctx context.Context, repo UsageLogRepository, usageLog *UsageLog, logKey string) {
+	if repo == nil || usageLog == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	usageCtx, cancel := detachedBillingContext(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if writer, ok := repo.(usageLogBestEffortWriter); ok {
+		if err := writer.CreateBestEffort(usageCtx, usageLog); err != nil {
+			logger.LegacyPrintf(logKey, "Create usage log failed: %v", err)
+			if IsUsageLogCreateDropped(err) {
+				return
+			}
+			if _, syncErr := repo.Create(usageCtx, usageLog); syncErr != nil {
+				logger.LegacyPrintf(logKey, "Create usage log sync fallback failed: %v", syncErr)
+			}
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	if _, err := repo.Create(usageCtx, usageLog); err != nil {
+		logger.LegacyPrintf(logKey, "Create usage log failed: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 // RecordUsage 记录使用量并扣费（或更新订阅用量）
 func (s *GatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *RecordUsageInput) error {
 	result := input.Result
@@ -6791,11 +7489,12 @@ func (s *GatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *RecordUsageInpu
 		mediaType = &result.MediaType
 	}
 	accountRateMultiplier := account.BillingRateMultiplier()
+	requestID := resolveUsageBillingRequestID(ctx, result.RequestID)
 	usageLog := &UsageLog{
 		UserID:                user.ID,
 		APIKeyID:              apiKey.ID,
 		AccountID:             account.ID,
-		RequestID:             result.RequestID,
+		RequestID:             requestID,
 		Model:                 result.Model,
 		InputTokens:           result.Usage.InputTokens,
 		OutputTokens:          result.Usage.OutputTokens,
@@ -6840,33 +7539,32 @@ func (s *GatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *RecordUsageInpu
 		usageLog.SubscriptionID = &subscription.ID
 	}
 
-	inserted, err := s.usageLogRepo.Create(ctx, usageLog)
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Create usage log failed: %v", err)
-	}
-
 	if s.cfg != nil && s.cfg.RunMode == config.RunModeSimple {
+		writeUsageLogBestEffort(ctx, s.usageLogRepo, usageLog, "service.gateway")
 		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[SIMPLE MODE] Usage recorded (not billed): user=%d, tokens=%d", usageLog.UserID, usageLog.TotalTokens())
 		s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	shouldBill := inserted || err != nil
-
-	if shouldBill {
-		postUsageBilling(ctx, &postUsageBillingParams{
+	billingErr := func() error {
+		_, err := applyUsageBilling(ctx, requestID, usageLog, &postUsageBillingParams{
 			Cost:                  cost,
 			User:                  user,
 			APIKey:                apiKey,
 			Account:               account,
 			Subscription:          subscription,
+			RequestPayloadHash:    resolveUsageBillingPayloadFingerprint(ctx, input.RequestPayloadHash),
 			IsSubscriptionBill:    isSubscriptionBilling,
 			AccountRateMultiplier: accountRateMultiplier,
 			APIKeyService:         input.APIKeyService,
-		}, s.billingDeps())
-	} else {
-		s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
+		}, s.billingDeps(), s.usageBillingRepo)
+		return err
+	}()
+
+	if billingErr != nil {
+		return billingErr
 	}
+	writeUsageLogBestEffort(ctx, s.usageLogRepo, usageLog, "service.gateway")
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -6877,13 +7575,14 @@ type RecordUsageLongContextInput struct {
 	APIKey                *APIKey
 	User                  *User
 	Account               *Account
-	Subscription          *UserSubscription // 可选：订阅信息
-	UserAgent             string            // 请求的 User-Agent
-	IPAddress             string            // 请求的客户端 IP 地址
-	LongContextThreshold  int               // 长上下文阈值（如 200000）
-	LongContextMultiplier float64           // 超出阈值部分的倍率（如 2.0）
-	ForceCacheBilling     bool              // 强制缓存计费：将 input_tokens 转为 cache_read 计费（用于粘性会话切换）
-	APIKeyService         *APIKeyService    // API Key 配额服务（可选）
+	Subscription          *UserSubscription  // 可选：订阅信息
+	UserAgent             string             // 请求的 User-Agent
+	IPAddress             string             // 请求的客户端 IP 地址
+	RequestPayloadHash    string             // 请求体语义哈希，用于降低 request_id 误复用时的静默误去重风险
+	LongContextThreshold  int                // 长上下文阈值（如 200000）
+	LongContextMultiplier float64            // 超出阈值部分的倍率（如 2.0）
+	ForceCacheBilling     bool               // 强制缓存计费：将 input_tokens 转为 cache_read 计费（用于粘性会话切换）
+	APIKeyService         APIKeyQuotaUpdater // API Key 配额服务（可选）
 }
 
 // RecordUsageWithLongContext 记录使用量并扣费，支持长上下文双倍计费（用于 Gemini）
@@ -6966,11 +7665,12 @@ func (s *GatewayService) RecordUsageWithLongContext(ctx context.Context, input *
 		imageSize = &result.ImageSize
 	}
 	accountRateMultiplier := account.BillingRateMultiplier()
+	requestID := resolveUsageBillingRequestID(ctx, result.RequestID)
 	usageLog := &UsageLog{
 		UserID:                user.ID,
 		APIKeyID:              apiKey.ID,
 		AccountID:             account.ID,
-		RequestID:             result.RequestID,
+		RequestID:             requestID,
 		Model:                 result.Model,
 		InputTokens:           result.Usage.InputTokens,
 		OutputTokens:          result.Usage.OutputTokens,
@@ -7014,33 +7714,32 @@ func (s *GatewayService) RecordUsageWithLongContext(ctx context.Context, input *
 		usageLog.SubscriptionID = &subscription.ID
 	}
 
-	inserted, err := s.usageLogRepo.Create(ctx, usageLog)
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "Create usage log failed: %v", err)
-	}
-
 	if s.cfg != nil && s.cfg.RunMode == config.RunModeSimple {
+		writeUsageLogBestEffort(ctx, s.usageLogRepo, usageLog, "service.gateway")
 		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.gateway", "[SIMPLE MODE] Usage recorded (not billed): user=%d, tokens=%d", usageLog.UserID, usageLog.TotalTokens())
 		s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	shouldBill := inserted || err != nil
-
-	if shouldBill {
-		postUsageBilling(ctx, &postUsageBillingParams{
+	billingErr := func() error {
+		_, err := applyUsageBilling(ctx, requestID, usageLog, &postUsageBillingParams{
 			Cost:                  cost,
 			User:                  user,
 			APIKey:                apiKey,
 			Account:               account,
 			Subscription:          subscription,
+			RequestPayloadHash:    resolveUsageBillingPayloadFingerprint(ctx, input.RequestPayloadHash),
 			IsSubscriptionBill:    isSubscriptionBilling,
 			AccountRateMultiplier: accountRateMultiplier,
 			APIKeyService:         input.APIKeyService,
-		}, s.billingDeps())
-	} else {
-		s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
+		}, s.billingDeps(), s.usageBillingRepo)
+		return err
+	}()
+
+	if billingErr != nil {
+		return billingErr
 	}
+	writeUsageLogBestEffort(ctx, s.usageLogRepo, usageLog, "service.gateway")
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -7064,6 +7763,12 @@ func (s *GatewayService) ForwardCountTokens(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 		return s.forwardCountTokensAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(ctx, c, account, passthroughBody)
 	}
 
+	// Bedrock 不支持 count_tokens 端点
+	if account != nil && account.IsBedrock() {
+		s.countTokensError(c, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found_error", "count_tokens endpoint is not supported for Bedrock")
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	body := parsed.Body
 	reqModel := parsed.Model
 

backend/internal/service/gateway_service_bedrock_beta_test.go

+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
+)
+
+type betaPolicySettingRepoStub struct {
+	values map[string]string
+}
+
+func (s *betaPolicySettingRepoStub) Get(ctx context.Context, key string) (*Setting, error) {
+	panic("unexpected Get call")
+}
+
+func (s *betaPolicySettingRepoStub) GetValue(ctx context.Context, key string) (string, error) {
+	if v, ok := s.values[key]; ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
+	return "", ErrSettingNotFound
+}
+
+func (s *betaPolicySettingRepoStub) Set(ctx context.Context, key, value string) error {
+	panic("unexpected Set call")
+}
+
+func (s *betaPolicySettingRepoStub) GetMultiple(ctx context.Context, keys []string) (map[string]string, error) {
+	panic("unexpected GetMultiple call")
+}
+
+func (s *betaPolicySettingRepoStub) SetMultiple(ctx context.Context, settings map[string]string) error {
+	panic("unexpected SetMultiple call")
+}
+
+func (s *betaPolicySettingRepoStub) GetAll(ctx context.Context) (map[string]string, error) {
+	panic("unexpected GetAll call")
+}
+
+func (s *betaPolicySettingRepoStub) Delete(ctx context.Context, key string) error {
+	panic("unexpected Delete call")
+}
+
+func TestResolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest_BlocksOnOriginalAnthropicToken(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &BetaPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []BetaPolicyRule{
+			{
+				BetaToken:    "advanced-tool-use-2025-11-20",
+				Action:       BetaPolicyActionBlock,
+				Scope:        BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+				ErrorMessage: "advanced tool use is blocked",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(settings)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal settings: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	svc := &GatewayService{
+		settingService: NewSettingService(
+			&betaPolicySettingRepoStub{values: map[string]string{
+				SettingKeyBetaPolicySettings: string(raw),
+			}},
+			&config.Config{},
+		),
+	}
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformAnthropic, Type: AccountTypeBedrock}
+
+	_, err = svc.resolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest(
+		context.Background(),
+		account,
+		"advanced-tool-use-2025-11-20",
+		[]byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+		"us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1",
+	)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected raw advanced-tool-use token to be blocked before Bedrock transform")
+	}
+	if err.Error() != "advanced tool use is blocked" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest_FiltersAfterBedrockTransform(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &BetaPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []BetaPolicyRule{
+			{
+				BetaToken: "tool-search-tool-2025-10-19",
+				Action:    BetaPolicyActionFilter,
+				Scope:     BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(settings)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal settings: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	svc := &GatewayService{
+		settingService: NewSettingService(
+			&betaPolicySettingRepoStub{values: map[string]string{
+				SettingKeyBetaPolicySettings: string(raw),
+			}},
+			&config.Config{},
+		),
+	}
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformAnthropic, Type: AccountTypeBedrock}
+
+	betaTokens, err := svc.resolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest(
+		context.Background(),
+		account,
+		"advanced-tool-use-2025-11-20",
+		[]byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+		"us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, token := range betaTokens {
+		if token == "tool-search-tool-2025-10-19" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected transformed Bedrock token to be filtered")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestResolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest_BlocksBodyAutoInjectedThinking 验证：
+// 管理员 block 了 interleaved-thinking，客户端不在 header 中带该 token，
+// 但请求体包含 thinking 字段 → 自动注入后应被 block。
+func TestResolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest_BlocksBodyAutoInjectedThinking(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &BetaPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []BetaPolicyRule{
+			{
+				BetaToken:    "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14",
+				Action:       BetaPolicyActionBlock,
+				Scope:        BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+				ErrorMessage: "thinking is blocked",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(settings)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal settings: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	svc := &GatewayService{
+		settingService: NewSettingService(
+			&betaPolicySettingRepoStub{values: map[string]string{
+				SettingKeyBetaPolicySettings: string(raw),
+			}},
+			&config.Config{},
+		),
+	}
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformAnthropic, Type: AccountTypeBedrock}
+
+	// header 中不带 beta token，但 body 中有 thinking 字段
+	_, err = svc.resolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest(
+		context.Background(),
+		account,
+		"", // 空 header
+		[]byte(`{"thinking":{"type":"enabled","budget_tokens":10000},"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+		"us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1",
+	)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected body-injected interleaved-thinking to be blocked")
+	}
+	if err.Error() != "thinking is blocked" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestResolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest_BlocksBodyAutoInjectedToolSearch 验证：
+// 管理员 block 了 tool-search-tool，客户端不在 header 中带 beta token，
+// 但请求体包含 tool search 工具 → 自动注入后应被 block。
+func TestResolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest_BlocksBodyAutoInjectedToolSearch(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &BetaPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []BetaPolicyRule{
+			{
+				BetaToken:    "tool-search-tool-2025-10-19",
+				Action:       BetaPolicyActionBlock,
+				Scope:        BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+				ErrorMessage: "tool search is blocked",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(settings)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal settings: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	svc := &GatewayService{
+		settingService: NewSettingService(
+			&betaPolicySettingRepoStub{values: map[string]string{
+				SettingKeyBetaPolicySettings: string(raw),
+			}},
+			&config.Config{},
+		),
+	}
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformAnthropic, Type: AccountTypeBedrock}
+
+	// header 中不带 beta token，但 body 中有 tool_search_tool 工具
+	_, err = svc.resolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest(
+		context.Background(),
+		account,
+		"",
+		[]byte(`{"tools":[{"type":"tool_search_tool_regex_20251119","name":"search"}],"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+		"us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6",
+	)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected body-injected tool-search-tool to be blocked")
+	}
+	if err.Error() != "tool search is blocked" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestResolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest_PassesWhenNoBlockRuleMatches 验证：
+// body 自动注入的 token 如果没有对应的 block 规则，应正常通过。
+func TestResolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest_PassesWhenNoBlockRuleMatches(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &BetaPolicySettings{
+		Rules: []BetaPolicyRule{
+			{
+				BetaToken:    "computer-use-2025-11-24",
+				Action:       BetaPolicyActionBlock,
+				Scope:        BetaPolicyScopeAll,
+				ErrorMessage: "computer use is blocked",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(settings)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal settings: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	svc := &GatewayService{
+		settingService: NewSettingService(
+			&betaPolicySettingRepoStub{values: map[string]string{
+				SettingKeyBetaPolicySettings: string(raw),
+			}},
+			&config.Config{},
+		),
+	}
+	account := &Account{Platform: PlatformAnthropic, Type: AccountTypeBedrock}
+
+	// body 中有 thinking（会注入 interleaved-thinking），但 block 规则只针对 computer-use
+	tokens, err := svc.resolveBedrockBetaTokensForRequest(
+		context.Background(),
+		account,
+		"",
+		[]byte(`{"thinking":{"type":"enabled","budget_tokens":10000},"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+		"us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	found := false
+	for _, token := range tokens {
+		if token == "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14" {
+			found = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Fatal("expected interleaved-thinking token to be present")
+	}
+}

backend/internal/service/gateway_service_bedrock_model_support_test.go

+package service
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestGatewayServiceIsModelSupportedByAccount_BedrockDefaultMappingRestrictsModels(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &GatewayService{}
+	account := &Account{
+		Platform: PlatformAnthropic,
+		Type:     AccountTypeBedrock,
+		Credentials: map[string]any{
+			"aws_region": "us-east-1",
+		},
+	}
+
+	if !svc.isModelSupportedByAccount(account, "claude-sonnet-4-5") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected default Bedrock alias to be supported")
+	}
+
+	if svc.isModelSupportedByAccount(account, "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected unsupported alias to be rejected for Bedrock account")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceIsModelSupportedByAccount_BedrockCustomMappingStillActsAsAllowlist(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &GatewayService{}
+	account := &Account{
+		Platform: PlatformAnthropic,
+		Type:     AccountTypeBedrock,
+		Credentials: map[string]any{
+			"aws_region": "eu-west-1",
+			"model_mapping": map[string]any{
+				"claude-sonnet-*": "claude-sonnet-4-6",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	if !svc.isModelSupportedByAccount(account, "claude-sonnet-4-6") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected matched custom mapping to be supported")
+	}
+
+	if !svc.isModelSupportedByAccount(account, "claude-opus-4-6") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected default Bedrock alias fallback to remain supported")
+	}
+
+	if svc.isModelSupportedByAccount(account, "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected unsupported model to still be rejected")
+	}
+}

backend/internal/service/gateway_streaming_test.go

@@ -181,7 +181,8 @@ func TestHandleStreamingResponse_EmptyStream(t *testing.T) {
 
 	result, err := svc.handleStreamingResponse(context.Background(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now(), "model", "model", false)
 	_ = pr.Close()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "missing terminal event")
 	require.NotNil(t, result)
 }
 

backend/internal/service/openai_codex_transform.go

@@ -129,6 +129,41 @@ func applyCodexOAuthTransform(reqBody map[string]any, isCodexCLI bool, isCompact
 		}
 	}
 
+	// 兼容遗留的 functions 和 function_call，转换为 tools 和 tool_choice
+	if functionsRaw, ok := reqBody["functions"]; ok {
+		if functions, k := functionsRaw.([]any); k {
+			tools := make([]any, 0, len(functions))
+			for _, f := range functions {
+				tools = append(tools, map[string]any{
+					"type":     "function",
+					"function": f,
+				})
+			}
+			reqBody["tools"] = tools
+		}
+		delete(reqBody, "functions")
+		result.Modified = true
+	}
+
+	if fcRaw, ok := reqBody["function_call"]; ok {
+		if fcStr, ok := fcRaw.(string); ok {
+			// e.g. "auto", "none"
+			reqBody["tool_choice"] = fcStr
+		} else if fcObj, ok := fcRaw.(map[string]any); ok {
+			// e.g. {"name": "my_func"}
+			if name, ok := fcObj["name"].(string); ok && strings.TrimSpace(name) != "" {
+				reqBody["tool_choice"] = map[string]any{
+					"type": "function",
+					"function": map[string]any{
+						"name": name,
+					},
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		delete(reqBody, "function_call")
+		result.Modified = true
+	}
+
 	if normalizeCodexTools(reqBody) {
 		result.Modified = true
 	}
@@ -303,6 +338,18 @@ func filterCodexInput(input []any, preserveReferences bool) []any {
 			continue
 		}
 		typ, _ := m["type"].(string)
+
+		// 修复 OpenAI 上游的最新校验："Expected an ID that begins with 'fc'"
+		fixIDPrefix := func(id string) string {
+			if id == "" || strings.HasPrefix(id, "fc") {
+				return id
+			}
+			if strings.HasPrefix(id, "call_") {
+				return "fc" + strings.TrimPrefix(id, "call_")
+			}
+			return "fc_" + id
+		}
+
 		if typ == "item_reference" {
 			if !preserveReferences {
 				continue
@@ -311,6 +358,9 @@ func filterCodexInput(input []any, preserveReferences bool) []any {
 			for key, value := range m {
 				newItem[key] = value
 			}
+			if id, ok := newItem["id"].(string); ok && id != "" {
+				newItem["id"] = fixIDPrefix(id)
+			}
 			filtered = append(filtered, newItem)
 			continue
 		}
@@ -330,10 +380,20 @@ func filterCodexInput(input []any, preserveReferences bool) []any {
 		}
 
 		if isCodexToolCallItemType(typ) {
-			if callID, ok := m["call_id"].(string); !ok || strings.TrimSpace(callID) == "" {
+			callID, ok := m["call_id"].(string)
+			if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(callID) == "" {
 				if id, ok := m["id"].(string); ok && strings.TrimSpace(id) != "" {
+					callID = id
+					ensureCopy()
+					newItem["call_id"] = callID
+				}
+			}
+
+			if callID != "" {
+				fixedCallID := fixIDPrefix(callID)
+				if fixedCallID != callID {
 					ensureCopy()
-					newItem["call_id"] = id
+					newItem["call_id"] = fixedCallID
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -344,6 +404,14 @@ func filterCodexInput(input []any, preserveReferences bool) []any {
 			if !isCodexToolCallItemType(typ) {
 				delete(newItem, "call_id")
 			}
+		} else {
+			if id, ok := newItem["id"].(string); ok && id != "" {
+				fixedID := fixIDPrefix(id)
+				if fixedID != id {
+					ensureCopy()
+					newItem["id"] = fixedID
+				}
+			}
 		}
 
 		filtered = append(filtered, newItem)

backend/internal/service/openai_codex_transform_test.go

@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ func TestApplyCodexOAuthTransform_ToolContinuationPreservesInput(t *testing.T) {
 	first, ok := input[0].(map[string]any)
 	require.True(t, ok)
 	require.Equal(t, "item_reference", first["type"])
-	require.Equal(t, "ref1", first["id"])
+	require.Equal(t, "fc_ref1", first["id"])
 
 	// 校验 input[1] 为 map，确保后续字段断言安全。
 	second, ok := input[1].(map[string]any)
 	require.True(t, ok)
-	require.Equal(t, "o1", second["id"])
+	require.Equal(t, "fc_o1", second["id"])
 }
 
 func TestApplyCodexOAuthTransform_ExplicitStoreFalsePreserved(t *testing.T) {

backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_record_usage_test.go

@@ -3,39 +3,68 @@ package service
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/ctxkey"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 type openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub struct {
 	UsageLogRepository
 
-	inserted bool
-	err      error
-	calls    int
-	lastLog  *UsageLog
+	inserted   bool
+	err        error
+	calls      int
+	lastLog    *UsageLog
+	lastCtxErr error
 }
 
 func (s *openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub) Create(ctx context.Context, log *UsageLog) (bool, error) {
 	s.calls++
 	s.lastLog = log
+	s.lastCtxErr = ctx.Err()
 	return s.inserted, s.err
 }
 
+type openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub struct {
+	UsageBillingRepository
+
+	result     *UsageBillingApplyResult
+	err        error
+	calls      int
+	lastCmd    *UsageBillingCommand
+	lastCtxErr error
+}
+
+func (s *openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub) Apply(ctx context.Context, cmd *UsageBillingCommand) (*UsageBillingApplyResult, error) {
+	s.calls++
+	s.lastCmd = cmd
+	s.lastCtxErr = ctx.Err()
+	if s.err != nil {
+		return nil, s.err
+	}
+	if s.result != nil {
+		return s.result, nil
+	}
+	return &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}, nil
+}
+
 type openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub struct {
 	UserRepository
 
 	deductCalls int
 	deductErr   error
 	lastAmount  float64
+	lastCtxErr  error
 }
 
 func (s *openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub) DeductBalance(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
 	s.deductCalls++
 	s.lastAmount = amount
+	s.lastCtxErr = ctx.Err()
 	return s.deductErr
 }
 
@@ -44,29 +73,35 @@ type openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub struct {
 
 	incrementCalls int
 	incrementErr   error
+	lastCtxErr     error
 }
 
 func (s *openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub) IncrementUsage(ctx context.Context, id int64, costUSD float64) error {
 	s.incrementCalls++
+	s.lastCtxErr = ctx.Err()
 	return s.incrementErr
 }
 
 type openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub struct {
-	quotaCalls     int
-	rateLimitCalls int
-	err            error
-	lastAmount     float64
+	quotaCalls          int
+	rateLimitCalls      int
+	err                 error
+	lastAmount          float64
+	lastQuotaCtxErr     error
+	lastRateLimitCtxErr error
 }
 
 func (s *openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub) UpdateQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, apiKeyID int64, cost float64) error {
 	s.quotaCalls++
 	s.lastAmount = cost
+	s.lastQuotaCtxErr = ctx.Err()
 	return s.err
 }
 
 func (s *openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub) UpdateRateLimitUsage(ctx context.Context, apiKeyID int64, cost float64) error {
 	s.rateLimitCalls++
 	s.lastAmount = cost
+	s.lastRateLimitCtxErr = ctx.Err()
 	return s.err
 }
 
@@ -93,23 +128,38 @@ func i64p(v int64) *int64 {
 func newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo UsageLogRepository, userRepo UserRepository, subRepo UserSubscriptionRepository, rateRepo UserGroupRateRepository) *OpenAIGatewayService {
 	cfg := &config.Config{}
 	cfg.Default.RateMultiplier = 1.1
+	svc := NewOpenAIGatewayService(
+		nil,
+		usageRepo,
+		nil,
+		userRepo,
+		subRepo,
+		rateRepo,
+		nil,
+		cfg,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		NewBillingService(cfg, nil),
+		nil,
+		&BillingCacheService{},
+		nil,
+		&DeferredService{},
+		nil,
+	)
+	svc.userGroupRateResolver = newUserGroupRateResolver(
+		rateRepo,
+		nil,
+		resolveUserGroupRateCacheTTL(cfg),
+		nil,
+		"service.openai_gateway.test",
+	)
+	return svc
+}
 
-	return &OpenAIGatewayService{
-		usageLogRepo:        usageRepo,
-		userRepo:            userRepo,
-		userSubRepo:         subRepo,
-		cfg:                 cfg,
-		billingService:      NewBillingService(cfg, nil),
-		billingCacheService: &BillingCacheService{},
-		deferredService:     &DeferredService{},
-		userGroupRateResolver: newUserGroupRateResolver(
-			rateRepo,
-			nil,
-			resolveUserGroupRateCacheTTL(cfg),
-			nil,
-			"service.openai_gateway.test",
-		),
-	}
+func newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo UsageLogRepository, billingRepo UsageBillingRepository, userRepo UserRepository, subRepo UserSubscriptionRepository, rateRepo UserGroupRateRepository) *OpenAIGatewayService {
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, rateRepo)
+	svc.usageBillingRepo = billingRepo
+	return svc
 }
 
 func expectedOpenAICost(t *testing.T, svc *OpenAIGatewayService, model string, usage OpenAIUsage, multiplier float64) *CostBreakdown {
@@ -252,9 +302,10 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_FallsBackToGroupDefaultRateWhenResolver
 
 func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_DuplicateUsageLogSkipsBilling(t *testing.T) {
 	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: false}}
 	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
 	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
-	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
 
 	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
 		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
@@ -272,9 +323,311 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_DuplicateUsageLogSkipsBilling(t *testin
 	})
 
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, billingRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, subRepo.incrementCalls)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_DuplicateBillingKeySkipsBillingWithRepo(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: false}}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	quotaSvc := &openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_duplicate_billing_key",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  8,
+				OutputTokens: 4,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:    10045,
+			Quota: 100,
+		},
+		User:          &User{ID: 20045},
+		Account:       &Account{ID: 30045},
+		APIKeyService: quotaSvc,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, billingRepo.calls)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
 	require.Equal(t, 0, userRepo.deductCalls)
 	require.Equal(t, 0, subRepo.incrementCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, quotaSvc.quotaCalls)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillsWhenUsageLogCreateReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	usage := OpenAIUsage{InputTokens: 8, OutputTokens: 4}
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false, err: errors.New("usage log batch state uncertain")}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_usage_log_error",
+			Usage:     usage,
+			Model:     "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration:  time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 10041},
+		User:    &User{ID: 20041},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 30041},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, subRepo.incrementCalls)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_UsageLogWriteErrorDoesNotSkipBilling(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false, err: MarkUsageLogCreateNotPersisted(context.Canceled)}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	quotaSvc := &openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_not_persisted",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  8,
+				OutputTokens: 4,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:    10043,
+			Quota: 100,
+		},
+		User:          &User{ID: 20043},
+		Account:       &Account{ID: 30043},
+		APIKeyService: quotaSvc,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, subRepo.incrementCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, quotaSvc.quotaCalls)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingUsesDetachedContext(t *testing.T) {
+	usage := OpenAIUsage{InputTokens: 10, OutputTokens: 6, CacheReadInputTokens: 2}
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false, err: context.DeadlineExceeded}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	quotaSvc := &openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(reqCtx, &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_detached_billing_ctx",
+			Usage:     usage,
+			Model:     "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration:  time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:    10042,
+			Quota: 100,
+		},
+		User:          &User{ID: 20042},
+		Account:       &Account{ID: 30042},
+		APIKeyService: quotaSvc,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.NoError(t, userRepo.lastCtxErr)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, quotaSvc.quotaCalls)
+	require.NoError(t, quotaSvc.lastQuotaCtxErr)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingRepoUsesDetachedContext(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(reqCtx, &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_detached_billing_repo_ctx",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  8,
+				OutputTokens: 4,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 10046},
+		User:    &User{ID: 20046},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 30046},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, billingRepo.calls)
+	require.NoError(t, billingRepo.lastCtxErr)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.NoError(t, usageRepo.lastCtxErr)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingFingerprintIncludesRequestPayloadHash(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}, &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}, nil)
+
+	payloadHash := HashUsageRequestPayload([]byte(`{"model":"gpt-5","input":"hello"}`))
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "openai_payload_hash",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:             &APIKey{ID: 501, Quota: 100},
+		User:               &User{ID: 601},
+		Account:            &Account{ID: 701},
+		RequestPayloadHash: payloadHash,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, billingRepo.lastCmd)
+	require.Equal(t, payloadHash, billingRepo.lastCmd.RequestPayloadHash)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_UsesFallbackRequestIDForBillingAndUsageLog(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), ctxkey.RequestID, "req-local-fallback")
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(ctx, &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  8,
+				OutputTokens: 4,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 10047},
+		User:    &User{ID: 20047},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 30047},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, billingRepo.lastCmd)
+	require.Equal(t, "local:req-local-fallback", billingRepo.lastCmd.RequestID)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog)
+	require.Equal(t, "local:req-local-fallback", usageRepo.lastLog.RequestID)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_PrefersClientRequestIDOverUpstreamRequestID(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), ctxkey.ClientRequestID, "openai-client-stable-123")
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(ctx, &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "upstream-openai-volatile-456",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  8,
+				OutputTokens: 4,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 10049},
+		User:    &User{ID: 20049},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 30049},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, billingRepo.lastCmd)
+	require.Equal(t, "client:openai-client-stable-123", billingRepo.lastCmd.RequestID)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog)
+	require.Equal(t, "client:openai-client-stable-123", usageRepo.lastLog.RequestID)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_GeneratesRequestIDWhenAllSourcesMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  8,
+				OutputTokens: 4,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 10050},
+		User:    &User{ID: 20050},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 30050},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, billingRepo.lastCmd)
+	require.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(billingRepo.lastCmd.RequestID, "generated:"))
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog)
+	require.Equal(t, billingRepo.lastCmd.RequestID, usageRepo.lastLog.RequestID)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingErrorSkipsUsageLogWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{err: errors.New("billing tx failed")}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_billing_fail",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  8,
+				OutputTokens: 4,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 10048},
+		User:    &User{ID: 20048},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 30048},
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, billingRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, usageRepo.calls)
 }
 
 func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_UpdatesAPIKeyQuotaWhenConfigured(t *testing.T) {

backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go

@@ -301,6 +301,7 @@ var defaultOpenAICodexSnapshotPersistThrottle = newAccountWriteThrottle(openAICo
 type OpenAIGatewayService struct {
 	accountRepo           AccountRepository
 	usageLogRepo          UsageLogRepository
+	usageBillingRepo      UsageBillingRepository
 	userRepo              UserRepository
 	userSubRepo           UserSubscriptionRepository
 	cache                 GatewayCache
@@ -338,6 +339,7 @@ type OpenAIGatewayService struct {
 func NewOpenAIGatewayService(
 	accountRepo AccountRepository,
 	usageLogRepo UsageLogRepository,
+	usageBillingRepo UsageBillingRepository,
 	userRepo UserRepository,
 	userSubRepo UserSubscriptionRepository,
 	userGroupRateRepo UserGroupRateRepository,
@@ -355,6 +357,7 @@ func NewOpenAIGatewayService(
 	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{
 		accountRepo:         accountRepo,
 		usageLogRepo:        usageLogRepo,
+		usageBillingRepo:    usageBillingRepo,
 		userRepo:            userRepo,
 		userSubRepo:         userSubRepo,
 		cache:               cache,
@@ -2073,7 +2076,9 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, acco
 	}
 
 	// Build upstream request
-	upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequest(ctx, c, account, body, token, reqStream, promptCacheKey, isCodexCLI)
+	upstreamCtx, releaseUpstreamCtx := detachStreamUpstreamContext(ctx, reqStream)
+	upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequest(upstreamCtx, c, account, body, token, reqStream, promptCacheKey, isCodexCLI)
+	releaseUpstreamCtx()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -2265,7 +2270,9 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) forwardOpenAIPassthrough(
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequestOpenAIPassthrough(ctx, c, account, body, token)
+	upstreamCtx, releaseUpstreamCtx := detachStreamUpstreamContext(ctx, reqStream)
+	upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequestOpenAIPassthrough(upstreamCtx, c, account, body, token)
+	releaseUpstreamCtx()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -2602,6 +2609,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponsePassthrough(
 	var firstTokenMs *int
 	clientDisconnected := false
 	sawDone := false
+	sawTerminalEvent := false
 	upstreamRequestID := strings.TrimSpace(resp.Header.Get("x-request-id"))
 
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(resp.Body)
@@ -2621,6 +2629,9 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponsePassthrough(
 			if trimmedData == "[DONE]" {
 				sawDone = true
 			}
+			if openAIStreamEventIsTerminal(trimmedData) {
+				sawTerminalEvent = true
+			}
 			if firstTokenMs == nil && trimmedData != "" && trimmedData != "[DONE]" {
 				ms := int(time.Since(startTime).Milliseconds())
 				firstTokenMs = &ms
@@ -2638,19 +2649,14 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponsePassthrough(
 		}
 	}
 	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-		if clientDisconnected {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "[OpenAI passthrough] Upstream read error after client disconnect: account=%d err=%v", account.ID, err)
+		if sawTerminalEvent {
 			return &openaiStreamingResultPassthrough{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, nil
 		}
+		if clientDisconnected {
+			return &openaiStreamingResultPassthrough{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete after disconnect: %w", err)
+		}
 		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway",
-				"[OpenAI passthrough] 流读取被取消，可能发生断流: account=%d request_id=%s err=%v ctx_err=%v",
-				account.ID,
-				upstreamRequestID,
-				err,
-				ctx.Err(),
-			)
-			return &openaiStreamingResultPassthrough{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, nil
+			return &openaiStreamingResultPassthrough{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete: %w", err)
 		}
 		if errors.Is(err, bufio.ErrTooLong) {
 			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "[OpenAI passthrough] SSE line too long: account=%d max_size=%d error=%v", account.ID, maxLineSize, err)
@@ -2664,12 +2670,13 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponsePassthrough(
 		)
 		return &openaiStreamingResultPassthrough{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, fmt.Errorf("stream read error: %w", err)
 	}
-	if !clientDisconnected && !sawDone && ctx.Err() == nil {
+	if !clientDisconnected && !sawDone && !sawTerminalEvent && ctx.Err() == nil {
 		logger.FromContext(ctx).With(
 			zap.String("component", "service.openai_gateway"),
 			zap.Int64("account_id", account.ID),
 			zap.String("upstream_request_id", upstreamRequestID),
 		).Info("OpenAI passthrough 上游流在未收到 [DONE] 时结束，疑似断流")
+		return &openaiStreamingResultPassthrough{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, errors.New("stream usage incomplete: missing terminal event")
 	}
 
 	return &openaiStreamingResultPassthrough{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, nil
@@ -3203,6 +3210,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp
 	// 否则下游 SDK（例如 OpenCode）会因为类型校验失败而报错。
 	errorEventSent := false
 	clientDisconnected := false // 客户端断开后继续 drain 上游以收集 usage
+	sawTerminalEvent := false
 	sendErrorEvent := func(reason string) {
 		if errorEventSent || clientDisconnected {
 			return
@@ -3233,22 +3241,27 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp
 				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Client disconnected during final flush, returning collected usage")
 			}
 		}
+		if !sawTerminalEvent {
+			return resultWithUsage(), fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete: missing terminal event")
+		}
 		return resultWithUsage(), nil
 	}
 	handleScanErr := func(scanErr error) (*openaiStreamingResult, error, bool) {
 		if scanErr == nil {
 			return nil, nil, false
 		}
+		if sawTerminalEvent {
+			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Upstream scan ended after terminal event: %v", scanErr)
+			return resultWithUsage(), nil, true
+		}
 		// 客户端断开/取消请求时，上游读取往往会返回 context canceled。
 		// /v1/responses 的 SSE 事件必须符合 OpenAI 协议；这里不注入自定义 error event，避免下游 SDK 解析失败。
 		if errors.Is(scanErr, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(scanErr, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Context canceled during streaming, returning collected usage")
-			return resultWithUsage(), nil, true
+			return resultWithUsage(), fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete: %w", scanErr), true
 		}
 		// 客户端已断开时，上游出错仅影响体验，不影响计费；返回已收集 usage
 		if clientDisconnected {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Upstream read error after client disconnect: %v, returning collected usage", scanErr)
-			return resultWithUsage(), nil, true
+			return resultWithUsage(), fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete after disconnect: %w", scanErr), true
 		}
 		if errors.Is(scanErr, bufio.ErrTooLong) {
 			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "SSE line too long: account=%d max_size=%d error=%v", account.ID, maxLineSize, scanErr)
@@ -3271,6 +3284,9 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp
 			}
 
 			dataBytes := []byte(data)
+			if openAIStreamEventIsTerminal(data) {
+				sawTerminalEvent = true
+			}
 
 			// Correct Codex tool calls if needed (apply_patch -> edit, etc.)
 			if correctedData, corrected := s.toolCorrector.CorrectToolCallsInSSEBytes(dataBytes); corrected {
@@ -3387,8 +3403,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp
 				continue
 			}
 			if clientDisconnected {
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Upstream timeout after client disconnect, returning collected usage")
-				return resultWithUsage(), nil
+				return resultWithUsage(), fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete after timeout")
 			}
 			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Stream data interval timeout: account=%d model=%s interval=%s", account.ID, originalModel, streamInterval)
 			// 处理流超时，可能标记账户为临时不可调度或错误状态
@@ -3486,11 +3501,12 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) parseSSEUsageBytes(data []byte, usage *OpenAIUsag
 	if usage == nil || len(data) == 0 || bytes.Equal(data, []byte("[DONE]")) {
 		return
 	}
-	// 选择性解析：仅在数据中包含 completed 事件标识时才进入字段提取。
-	if len(data) < 80 || !bytes.Contains(data, []byte(`"response.completed"`)) {
+	// 选择性解析：仅在数据中包含终止事件标识时才进入字段提取。
+	if len(data) < 72 {
 		return
 	}
-	if gjson.GetBytes(data, "type").String() != "response.completed" {
+	eventType := gjson.GetBytes(data, "type").String()
+	if eventType != "response.completed" && eventType != "response.done" {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -3843,14 +3859,15 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) replaceModelInResponseBody(body []byte, fromModel
 
 // OpenAIRecordUsageInput input for recording usage
 type OpenAIRecordUsageInput struct {
-	Result        *OpenAIForwardResult
-	APIKey        *APIKey
-	User          *User
-	Account       *Account
-	Subscription  *UserSubscription
-	UserAgent     string // 请求的 User-Agent
-	IPAddress     string // 请求的客户端 IP 地址
-	APIKeyService APIKeyQuotaUpdater
+	Result             *OpenAIForwardResult
+	APIKey             *APIKey
+	User               *User
+	Account            *Account
+	Subscription       *UserSubscription
+	UserAgent          string // 请求的 User-Agent
+	IPAddress          string // 请求的客户端 IP 地址
+	RequestPayloadHash string
+	APIKeyService      APIKeyQuotaUpdater
 }
 
 // RecordUsage records usage and deducts balance
@@ -3916,11 +3933,12 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *OpenAIRec
 	// Create usage log
 	durationMs := int(result.Duration.Milliseconds())
 	accountRateMultiplier := account.BillingRateMultiplier()
+	requestID := resolveUsageBillingRequestID(ctx, result.RequestID)
 	usageLog := &UsageLog{
 		UserID:                user.ID,
 		APIKeyID:              apiKey.ID,
 		AccountID:             account.ID,
-		RequestID:             result.RequestID,
+		RequestID:             requestID,
 		Model:                 billingModel,
 		ServiceTier:           result.ServiceTier,
 		ReasoningEffort:       result.ReasoningEffort,
@@ -3961,29 +3979,32 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *OpenAIRec
 		usageLog.SubscriptionID = &subscription.ID
 	}
 
-	inserted, err := s.usageLogRepo.Create(ctx, usageLog)
 	if s.cfg != nil && s.cfg.RunMode == config.RunModeSimple {
+		writeUsageLogBestEffort(ctx, s.usageLogRepo, usageLog, "service.openai_gateway")
 		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "[SIMPLE MODE] Usage recorded (not billed): user=%d, tokens=%d", usageLog.UserID, usageLog.TotalTokens())
 		s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	shouldBill := inserted || err != nil
-
-	if shouldBill {
-		postUsageBilling(ctx, &postUsageBillingParams{
+	billingErr := func() error {
+		_, err := applyUsageBilling(ctx, requestID, usageLog, &postUsageBillingParams{
 			Cost:                  cost,
 			User:                  user,
 			APIKey:                apiKey,
 			Account:               account,
 			Subscription:          subscription,
+			RequestPayloadHash:    resolveUsageBillingPayloadFingerprint(ctx, input.RequestPayloadHash),
 			IsSubscriptionBill:    isSubscriptionBilling,
 			AccountRateMultiplier: accountRateMultiplier,
 			APIKeyService:         input.APIKeyService,
-		}, s.billingDeps())
-	} else {
-		s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
+		}, s.billingDeps(), s.usageBillingRepo)
+		return err
+	}()
+
+	if billingErr != nil {
+		return billingErr
 	}
+	writeUsageLogBestEffort(ctx, s.usageLogRepo, usageLog, "service.openai_gateway")
 
 	return nil
 }

backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service_test.go

@@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ func TestOpenAIStreamingTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestOpenAIStreamingContextCanceledDoesNotInjectErrorEvent(t *testing.T) {
+func TestOpenAIStreamingContextCanceledReturnsIncompleteErrorWithoutInjectingErrorEvent(t *testing.T) {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	cfg := &config.Config{
 		Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
@@ -940,8 +940,8 @@ func TestOpenAIStreamingContextCanceledDoesNotInjectErrorEvent(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	_, err := svc.handleStreamingResponse(c.Request.Context(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now(), "model", "model")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected nil error, got %v", err)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "stream usage incomplete") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected incomplete stream error, got %v", err)
 	}
 	if strings.Contains(rec.Body.String(), "event: error") || strings.Contains(rec.Body.String(), "stream_read_error") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected no injected SSE error event, got %q", rec.Body.String())
@@ -993,6 +993,107 @@ func TestOpenAIStreamingClientDisconnectDrainsUpstreamUsage(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestOpenAIStreamingMissingTerminalEventReturnsIncompleteError(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
+			StreamDataIntervalTimeout: 0,
+			StreamKeepaliveInterval:   0,
+			MaxLineSize:               defaultMaxLineSize,
+		},
+	}
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{cfg: cfg}
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
+
+	pr, pw := io.Pipe()
+	resp := &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Body:       pr,
+		Header:     http.Header{},
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		defer func() { _ = pw.Close() }()
+		_, _ = pw.Write([]byte("data: {\"type\":\"response.in_progress\",\"response\":{}}\n\n"))
+	}()
+
+	_, err := svc.handleStreamingResponse(c.Request.Context(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now(), "model", "model")
+	_ = pr.Close()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "missing terminal event") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected missing terminal event error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIStreamingPassthroughMissingTerminalEventReturnsIncompleteError(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
+			MaxLineSize: defaultMaxLineSize,
+		},
+	}
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{cfg: cfg}
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
+
+	pr, pw := io.Pipe()
+	resp := &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Body:       pr,
+		Header:     http.Header{},
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		defer func() { _ = pw.Close() }()
+		_, _ = pw.Write([]byte("data: {\"type\":\"response.in_progress\",\"response\":{}}\n\n"))
+	}()
+
+	_, err := svc.handleStreamingResponsePassthrough(c.Request.Context(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now())
+	_ = pr.Close()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "missing terminal event") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected missing terminal event error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIStreamingPassthroughResponseDoneWithoutDoneMarkerStillSucceeds(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
+			MaxLineSize: defaultMaxLineSize,
+		},
+	}
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{cfg: cfg}
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
+
+	pr, pw := io.Pipe()
+	resp := &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Body:       pr,
+		Header:     http.Header{},
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		defer func() { _ = pw.Close() }()
+		_, _ = pw.Write([]byte("data: {\"type\":\"response.done\",\"response\":{\"usage\":{\"input_tokens\":2,\"output_tokens\":3,\"input_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":1}}}}\n\n"))
+	}()
+
+	result, err := svc.handleStreamingResponsePassthrough(c.Request.Context(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now())
+	_ = pr.Close()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, result)
+	require.NotNil(t, result.usage)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, result.usage.InputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 3, result.usage.OutputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, result.usage.CacheReadInputTokens)
+}
+
 func TestOpenAIStreamingTooLong(t *testing.T) {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	cfg := &config.Config{
@@ -1124,7 +1225,7 @@ func TestOpenAIStreamingHeadersOverride(t *testing.T) {
 
 	go func() {
 		defer func() { _ = pw.Close() }()
-		_, _ = pw.Write([]byte("data: {}\n\n"))
+		_, _ = pw.Write([]byte("data: {\"type\":\"response.completed\",\"response\":{}}\n\n"))
 	}()
 
 	_, err := svc.handleStreamingResponse(c.Request.Context(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now(), "model", "model")
@@ -1674,6 +1775,12 @@ func TestParseSSEUsage_SelectiveParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, 3, usage.InputTokens)
 	require.Equal(t, 5, usage.OutputTokens)
 	require.Equal(t, 2, usage.CacheReadInputTokens)
+
+	// done 事件同样可能携带最终 usage
+	svc.parseSSEUsage(`{"type":"response.done","response":{"usage":{"input_tokens":13,"output_tokens":15,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":4}}}}`, usage)
+	require.Equal(t, 13, usage.InputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 15, usage.OutputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 4, usage.CacheReadInputTokens)
 }
 
 func TestExtractCodexFinalResponse_SampleReplay(t *testing.T) {

backend/internal/service/openai_oauth_passthrough_test.go

@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_ResponseHeadersAllowXCodex(t *tes
 	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/v1/responses", bytes.NewReader(nil))
 	c.Request.Header.Set("User-Agent", "codex_cli_rs/0.1.0")
 
-	originalBody := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.2","stream":false,"input":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]}`)
+	originalBody := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.2","stream":true,"input":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]}`)
 
 	headers := make(http.Header)
 	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
@@ -453,7 +453,14 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_ResponseHeadersAllowXCodex(t *tes
 	resp := &http.Response{
 		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
 		Header:     headers,
-		Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(`{"output":[],"usage":{"input_tokens":1,"output_tokens":1,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":0}}}`)),
+		Body: io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(strings.Join([]string{
+			`data: {"type":"response.output_text.delta","delta":"h"}`,
+			"",
+			`data: {"type":"response.completed","response":{"usage":{"input_tokens":1,"output_tokens":1,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":0}}}}`,
+			"",
+			"data: [DONE]",
+			"",
+		}, "\n"))),
 	}
 	upstream := &httpUpstreamRecorder{resp: resp}
 
@@ -895,7 +902,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_InfoWhenStreamEndsWithoutDone(t *
 	}
 
 	_, err := svc.Forward(context.Background(), c, account, originalBody)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "stream usage incomplete: missing terminal event")
 	require.True(t, logSink.ContainsMessage("上游流在未收到 [DONE] 时结束，疑似断流"))
 	require.True(t, logSink.ContainsMessageAtLevel("上游流在未收到 [DONE] 时结束，疑似断流", "info"))
 	require.True(t, logSink.ContainsFieldValue("upstream_request_id", "rid-truncate"))
@@ -911,11 +918,16 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_DefaultFiltersTimeoutHeaders(t *t
 	c.Request.Header.Set("x-stainless-timeout", "120000")
 	c.Request.Header.Set("X-Test", "keep")
 
-	originalBody := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.2","stream":false,"input":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]}`)
+	originalBody := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.2","stream":true,"input":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]}`)
 	resp := &http.Response{
 		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
-		Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}, "X-Request-Id": []string{"rid-filter-default"}},
-		Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(`{"output":[],"usage":{"input_tokens":1,"output_tokens":1,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":0}}}`)),
+		Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"text/event-stream"}, "X-Request-Id": []string{"rid-filter-default"}},
+		Body: io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(strings.Join([]string{
+			`data: {"type":"response.completed","response":{"usage":{"input_tokens":1,"output_tokens":1,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":0}}}}`,
+			"",
+			"data: [DONE]",
+			"",
+		}, "\n"))),
 	}
 	upstream := &httpUpstreamRecorder{resp: resp}
 	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{
@@ -952,11 +964,16 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_AllowTimeoutHeadersWhenConfigured
 	c.Request.Header.Set("x-stainless-timeout", "120000")
 	c.Request.Header.Set("X-Test", "keep")
 
-	originalBody := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.2","stream":false,"input":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]}`)
+	originalBody := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.2","stream":true,"input":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]}`)
 	resp := &http.Response{
 		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
-		Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}, "X-Request-Id": []string{"rid-filter-allow"}},
-		Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(`{"output":[],"usage":{"input_tokens":1,"output_tokens":1,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":0}}}`)),
+		Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"text/event-stream"}, "X-Request-Id": []string{"rid-filter-allow"}},
+		Body: io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(strings.Join([]string{
+			`data: {"type":"response.completed","response":{"usage":{"input_tokens":1,"output_tokens":1,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":0}}}}`,
+			"",
+			"data: [DONE]",
+			"",
+		}, "\n"))),
 	}
 	upstream := &httpUpstreamRecorder{resp: resp}
 	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{

backend/internal/service/openai_ws_protocol_forward_test.go

@@ -392,6 +392,7 @@ func TestNewOpenAIGatewayService_InitializesOpenAIWSResolver(t *testing.T) {
 		nil,
 		nil,
 		nil,
+		nil,
 		cfg,
 		nil,
 		nil,

backend/internal/service/usage_billing.go

+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+var ErrUsageBillingRequestIDRequired = errors.New("usage billing request_id is required")
+var ErrUsageBillingRequestConflict = errors.New("usage billing request fingerprint conflict")
+
+// UsageBillingCommand describes one billable request that must be applied at most once.
+type UsageBillingCommand struct {
+	RequestID          string
+	APIKeyID           int64
+	RequestFingerprint string
+	RequestPayloadHash string
+
+	UserID              int64
+	AccountID           int64
+	SubscriptionID      *int64
+	AccountType         string
+	Model               string
+	ServiceTier         string
+	ReasoningEffort     string
+	BillingType         int8
+	InputTokens         int
+	OutputTokens        int
+	CacheCreationTokens int
+	CacheReadTokens     int
+	ImageCount          int
+	MediaType           string
+
+	BalanceCost         float64
+	SubscriptionCost    float64
+	APIKeyQuotaCost     float64
+	APIKeyRateLimitCost float64
+	AccountQuotaCost    float64
+}
+
+func (c *UsageBillingCommand) Normalize() {
+	if c == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	c.RequestID = strings.TrimSpace(c.RequestID)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(c.RequestFingerprint) == "" {
+		c.RequestFingerprint = buildUsageBillingFingerprint(c)
+	}
+}
+
+func buildUsageBillingFingerprint(c *UsageBillingCommand) string {
+	if c == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	raw := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"%d|%d|%d|%s|%s|%s|%s|%d|%d|%d|%d|%d|%d|%s|%d|%0.10f|%0.10f|%0.10f|%0.10f|%0.10f",
+		c.UserID,
+		c.AccountID,
+		c.APIKeyID,
+		strings.TrimSpace(c.AccountType),
+		strings.TrimSpace(c.Model),
+		strings.TrimSpace(c.ServiceTier),
+		strings.TrimSpace(c.ReasoningEffort),
+		c.BillingType,
+		c.InputTokens,
+		c.OutputTokens,
+		c.CacheCreationTokens,
+		c.CacheReadTokens,
+		c.ImageCount,
+		strings.TrimSpace(c.MediaType),
+		valueOrZero(c.SubscriptionID),
+		c.BalanceCost,
+		c.SubscriptionCost,
+		c.APIKeyQuotaCost,
+		c.APIKeyRateLimitCost,
+		c.AccountQuotaCost,
+	)
+	if payloadHash := strings.TrimSpace(c.RequestPayloadHash); payloadHash != "" {
+		raw += "|" + payloadHash
+	}
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(raw))
+	return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+}
+
+func HashUsageRequestPayload(payload []byte) string {
+	if len(payload) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	sum := sha256.Sum256(payload)
+	return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+}
+
+func valueOrZero(v *int64) int64 {
+	if v == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return *v
+}
+
+type UsageBillingApplyResult struct {
+	Applied              bool
+	APIKeyQuotaExhausted bool
+}
+
+type UsageBillingRepository interface {
+	Apply(ctx context.Context, cmd *UsageBillingCommand) (*UsageBillingApplyResult, error)
+}