feat: add independent load_factor field for scheduling load calculation

backend/internal/service/openai_account_scheduler.go

@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ func (s *defaultOpenAIAccountScheduler) selectByLoadBalance(
 		filtered = append(filtered, account)
 		loadReq = append(loadReq, AccountWithConcurrency{
 			ID:             account.ID,
-			MaxConcurrency: account.Concurrency,
+			MaxConcurrency: account.EffectiveLoadFactor(),
 		})
 	}
 	if len(filtered) == 0 {

backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go

@@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) SelectAccountWithLoadAwareness(ctx context.Contex
 	for _, acc := range candidates {
 		accountLoads = append(accountLoads, AccountWithConcurrency{
 			ID:             acc.ID,
-			MaxConcurrency: acc.Concurrency,
+			MaxConcurrency: acc.EffectiveLoadFactor(),
 		})
 	}
 

backend/internal/service/ops_concurrency.go

@@ -64,8 +64,9 @@ func (s *OpsService) getAccountsLoadMapBestEffort(ctx context.Context, accounts
 		if acc.ID <= 0 {
 			continue
 		}
-		if prev, ok := unique[acc.ID]; !ok || acc.Concurrency > prev {
-			unique[acc.ID] = acc.Concurrency
+		lf := acc.EffectiveLoadFactor()
+		if prev, ok := unique[acc.ID]; !ok || lf > prev {
+			unique[acc.ID] = lf
 		}
 	}
 

backend/internal/service/ops_metrics_collector.go

@@ -389,13 +389,9 @@ func (c *OpsMetricsCollector) collectConcurrencyQueueDepth(parentCtx context.Con
 		if acc.ID <= 0 {
 			continue
 		}
-		maxConc := acc.Concurrency
-		if maxConc < 0 {
-			maxConc = 0
-		}
 		batch = append(batch, AccountWithConcurrency{
 			ID:             acc.ID,
-			MaxConcurrency: maxConc,
+			MaxConcurrency: acc.EffectiveLoadFactor(),
 		})
 	}
 	if len(batch) == 0 {

backend/migrations/067_add_account_load_factor.sql

+ALTER TABLE accounts ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS load_factor INTEGER;

frontend/src/components/account/BulkEditAccountModal.vue

@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@
       </div>
 
       <!-- Concurrency & Priority -->
-      <div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4 border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600 lg:grid-cols-3">
+      <div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4 border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600 lg:grid-cols-4">
         <div>
           <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
             <label
@@ -498,6 +498,35 @@
             aria-labelledby="bulk-edit-concurrency-label"
           />
         </div>
+        <div>
+          <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
+            <label
+              id="bulk-edit-load-factor-label"
+              class="input-label mb-0"
+              for="bulk-edit-load-factor-enabled"
+            >
+              {{ t('admin.accounts.loadFactor') }}
+            </label>
+            <input
+              v-model="enableLoadFactor"
+              id="bulk-edit-load-factor-enabled"
+              type="checkbox"
+              aria-controls="bulk-edit-load-factor"
+              class="rounded border-gray-300 text-primary-600 focus:ring-primary-500"
+            />
+          </div>
+          <input
+            v-model.number="loadFactor"
+            id="bulk-edit-load-factor"
+            type="number"
+            min="1"
+            :disabled="!enableLoadFactor"
+            class="input"
+            :class="!enableLoadFactor && 'cursor-not-allowed opacity-50'"
+            aria-labelledby="bulk-edit-load-factor-label"
+          />
+          <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.loadFactorHint') }}</p>
+        </div>
         <div>
           <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
             <label
@@ -869,6 +898,7 @@ const enableCustomErrorCodes = ref(false)
 const enableInterceptWarmup = ref(false)
 const enableProxy = ref(false)
 const enableConcurrency = ref(false)
+const enableLoadFactor = ref(false)
 const enablePriority = ref(false)
 const enableRateMultiplier = ref(false)
 const enableStatus = ref(false)
@@ -889,6 +919,7 @@ const customErrorCodeInput = ref<number | null>(null)
 const interceptWarmupRequests = ref(false)
 const proxyId = ref<number | null>(null)
 const concurrency = ref(1)
+const loadFactor = ref<number | null>(null)
 const priority = ref(1)
 const rateMultiplier = ref(1)
 const status = ref<'active' | 'inactive'>('active')
@@ -1195,6 +1226,10 @@ const buildUpdatePayload = (): Record<string, unknown> | null => {
     updates.concurrency = concurrency.value
   }
 
+  if (enableLoadFactor.value) {
+    updates.load_factor = loadFactor.value
+  }
+
   if (enablePriority.value) {
     updates.priority = priority.value
   }
@@ -1340,6 +1375,7 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
     enableInterceptWarmup.value ||
     enableProxy.value ||
     enableConcurrency.value ||
+    enableLoadFactor.value ||
     enablePriority.value ||
     enableRateMultiplier.value ||
     enableStatus.value ||
@@ -1430,6 +1466,7 @@ watch(
       enableInterceptWarmup.value = false
       enableProxy.value = false
       enableConcurrency.value = false
+      enableLoadFactor.value = false
       enablePriority.value = false
       enableRateMultiplier.value = false
       enableStatus.value = false
@@ -1446,6 +1483,7 @@ watch(
       interceptWarmupRequests.value = false
       proxyId.value = null
       concurrency.value = 1
+      loadFactor.value = null
       priority.value = 1
       rateMultiplier.value = 1
       status.value = 'active'

frontend/src/components/account/CreateAccountModal.vue

@@ -1749,11 +1749,17 @@
         <ProxySelector v-model="form.proxy_id" :proxies="proxies" />
       </div>
 
-      <div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4 lg:grid-cols-3">
+      <div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4 lg:grid-cols-4">
         <div>
           <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.concurrency') }}</label>
           <input v-model.number="form.concurrency" type="number" min="1" class="input" />
         </div>
+        <div>
+          <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.loadFactor') }}</label>
+          <input v-model.number="form.load_factor" type="number" min="1"
+            class="input" :placeholder="String(form.concurrency || 1)" />
+          <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.loadFactorHint') }}</p>
+        </div>
         <div>
           <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.priority') }}</label>
           <input
@@ -2633,6 +2639,7 @@ const form = reactive({
   credentials: {} as Record<string, unknown>,
   proxy_id: null as number | null,
   concurrency: 10,
+  load_factor: null as number | null,
   priority: 1,
   rate_multiplier: 1,
   group_ids: [] as number[],
@@ -3112,6 +3119,7 @@ const resetForm = () => {
   form.credentials = {}
   form.proxy_id = null
   form.concurrency = 10
+  form.load_factor = null
   form.priority = 1
   form.rate_multiplier = 1
   form.group_ids = []
@@ -3483,6 +3491,7 @@ const handleImportAccessToken = async (accessTokenInput: string) => {
           extra: soraExtra,
           proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
           concurrency: form.concurrency,
+          load_factor: form.load_factor || undefined,
           priority: form.priority,
           rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
           group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -3542,6 +3551,7 @@ const createAccountAndFinish = async (
     extra,
     proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
     concurrency: form.concurrency,
+    load_factor: form.load_factor || undefined,
     priority: form.priority,
     rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
     group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -3597,6 +3607,7 @@ const handleOpenAIExchange = async (authCode: string) => {
         extra,
         proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
         concurrency: form.concurrency,
+        load_factor: form.load_factor || undefined,
         priority: form.priority,
         rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
         group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -3626,6 +3637,7 @@ const handleOpenAIExchange = async (authCode: string) => {
         extra: soraExtra,
         proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
         concurrency: form.concurrency,
+        load_factor: form.load_factor || undefined,
         priority: form.priority,
         rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
         group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -3703,6 +3715,7 @@ const handleOpenAIValidateRT = async (refreshTokenInput: string) => {
             extra,
             proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
             concurrency: form.concurrency,
+            load_factor: form.load_factor || undefined,
             priority: form.priority,
             rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
             group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -3730,6 +3743,7 @@ const handleOpenAIValidateRT = async (refreshTokenInput: string) => {
             extra: soraExtra,
             proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
             concurrency: form.concurrency,
+            load_factor: form.load_factor || undefined,
             priority: form.priority,
             rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
             group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -3818,6 +3832,7 @@ const handleSoraValidateST = async (sessionTokenInput: string) => {
           extra: soraExtra,
           proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
           concurrency: form.concurrency,
+          load_factor: form.load_factor || undefined,
           priority: form.priority,
           rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
           group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -3906,6 +3921,7 @@ const handleAntigravityValidateRT = async (refreshTokenInput: string) => {
           extra: {},
           proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
           concurrency: form.concurrency,
+          load_factor: form.load_factor || undefined,
           priority: form.priority,
           rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
           group_ids: form.group_ids,
@@ -4064,8 +4080,11 @@ const handleAnthropicExchange = async (authCode: string) => {
     }
 
     // Add RPM limit settings
-    if (rpmLimitEnabled.value && baseRpm.value != null && baseRpm.value > 0) {
-      extra.base_rpm = baseRpm.value
+    if (rpmLimitEnabled.value) {
+      const DEFAULT_BASE_RPM = 15
+      extra.base_rpm = (baseRpm.value != null && baseRpm.value > 0)
+        ? baseRpm.value
+        : DEFAULT_BASE_RPM
       extra.rpm_strategy = rpmStrategy.value
       if (rpmStickyBuffer.value != null && rpmStickyBuffer.value > 0) {
         extra.rpm_sticky_buffer = rpmStickyBuffer.value
@@ -4176,8 +4195,11 @@ const handleCookieAuth = async (sessionKey: string) => {
         }
 
         // Add RPM limit settings
-        if (rpmLimitEnabled.value && baseRpm.value != null && baseRpm.value > 0) {
-          extra.base_rpm = baseRpm.value
+        if (rpmLimitEnabled.value) {
+          const DEFAULT_BASE_RPM = 15
+          extra.base_rpm = (baseRpm.value != null && baseRpm.value > 0)
+            ? baseRpm.value
+            : DEFAULT_BASE_RPM
           extra.rpm_strategy = rpmStrategy.value
           if (rpmStickyBuffer.value != null && rpmStickyBuffer.value > 0) {
             extra.rpm_sticky_buffer = rpmStickyBuffer.value
@@ -4223,6 +4245,7 @@ const handleCookieAuth = async (sessionKey: string) => {
           extra,
           proxy_id: form.proxy_id,
           concurrency: form.concurrency,
+          load_factor: form.load_factor || undefined,
           priority: form.priority,
           rate_multiplier: form.rate_multiplier,
           group_ids: form.group_ids,

frontend/src/components/account/EditAccountModal.vue

@@ -650,11 +650,17 @@
         <ProxySelector v-model="form.proxy_id" :proxies="proxies" />
       </div>
 
-      <div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4 lg:grid-cols-3">
+      <div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4 lg:grid-cols-4">
         <div>
           <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.concurrency') }}</label>
           <input v-model.number="form.concurrency" type="number" min="1" class="input" />
         </div>
+        <div>
+          <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.loadFactor') }}</label>
+          <input v-model.number="form.load_factor" type="number" min="1"
+            class="input" :placeholder="String(form.concurrency || 1)" />
+          <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.loadFactorHint') }}</p>
+        </div>
         <div>
           <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.priority') }}</label>
           <input
@@ -1465,6 +1471,7 @@ const form = reactive({
   notes: '',
   proxy_id: null as number | null,
   concurrency: 1,
+  load_factor: null as number | null,
   priority: 1,
   rate_multiplier: 1,
   status: 'active' as 'active' | 'inactive',
@@ -1498,6 +1505,7 @@ watch(
       form.notes = newAccount.notes || ''
       form.proxy_id = newAccount.proxy_id
       form.concurrency = newAccount.concurrency
+      form.load_factor = newAccount.load_factor ?? null
       form.priority = newAccount.priority
       form.rate_multiplier = newAccount.rate_multiplier ?? 1
       form.status = newAccount.status as 'active' | 'inactive'
@@ -2049,6 +2057,10 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
     if (form.expires_at === null) {
       updatePayload.expires_at = 0
     }
+    // load_factor: 空值/0/NaN 时发送 0（后端约定 0 = 清除）
+    if (!form.load_factor || form.load_factor <= 0) {
+      updatePayload.load_factor = 0
+    }
     updatePayload.auto_pause_on_expired = autoPauseOnExpired.value
 
     // For apikey type, handle credentials update
@@ -2188,8 +2200,11 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
       }
 
       // RPM limit settings
-      if (rpmLimitEnabled.value && baseRpm.value != null && baseRpm.value > 0) {
-        newExtra.base_rpm = baseRpm.value
+      if (rpmLimitEnabled.value) {
+        const DEFAULT_BASE_RPM = 15
+        newExtra.base_rpm = (baseRpm.value != null && baseRpm.value > 0)
+          ? baseRpm.value
+          : DEFAULT_BASE_RPM
         newExtra.rpm_strategy = rpmStrategy.value
         if (rpmStickyBuffer.value != null && rpmStickyBuffer.value > 0) {
           newExtra.rpm_sticky_buffer = rpmStickyBuffer.value

frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts

@@ -1991,10 +1991,12 @@ export default {
       proxy: 'Proxy',
       noProxy: 'No Proxy',
       concurrency: 'Concurrency',
+      loadFactor: 'Load Factor',
+      loadFactorHint: 'Defaults to concurrency',
       priority: 'Priority',
       priorityHint: 'Lower value accounts are used first',
       billingRateMultiplier: 'Billing Rate Multiplier',
-      billingRateMultiplierHint: '>=0, 0 means free. Affects account billing only',
+      billingRateMultiplierHint: '0 = free, affects account billing only',
       expiresAt: 'Expires At',
       expiresAtHint: 'Leave empty for no expiration',
       higherPriorityFirst: 'Lower value means higher priority',

frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts

@@ -2133,10 +2133,12 @@ export default {
       proxy: '代理',
       noProxy: '无代理',
       concurrency: '并发数',
+      loadFactor: '负载因子',
+      loadFactorHint: '不填则等于并发数',
       priority: '优先级',
       priorityHint: '优先级越小的账号优先使用',
       billingRateMultiplier: '账号计费倍率',
-      billingRateMultiplierHint: '>=0，0 表示该账号计费为 0；仅影响账号计费口径',
+      billingRateMultiplierHint: '0 表示不计费，仅影响账号计费',
       expiresAt: '过期时间',
       expiresAtHint: '留空表示不过期',
       higherPriorityFirst: '数值越小优先级越高',

frontend/src/types/index.ts

@@ -653,6 +653,7 @@ export interface Account {
   } & Record<string, unknown>)
   proxy_id: number | null
   concurrency: number
+  load_factor?: number | null
   current_concurrency?: number // Real-time concurrency count from Redis
   priority: number
   rate_multiplier?: number // Account billing multiplier (>=0, 0 means free)
@@ -783,6 +784,7 @@ export interface CreateAccountRequest {
   extra?: Record<string, unknown>
   proxy_id?: number | null
   concurrency?: number
+  load_factor?: number | null
   priority?: number
   rate_multiplier?: number // Account billing multiplier (>=0, 0 means free)
   group_ids?: number[]
@@ -799,6 +801,7 @@ export interface UpdateAccountRequest {
   extra?: Record<string, unknown>
   proxy_id?: number | null
   concurrency?: number
+  load_factor?: number | null
   priority?: number
   rate_multiplier?: number // Account billing multiplier (>=0, 0 means free)
   schedulable?: boolean