Merge branch 'dev' into release

backend/internal/config/config_test.go

@@ -14,6 +14,19 @@ func resetViperWithJWTSecret(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("JWT_SECRET", strings.Repeat("x", 32))
 }
 
+func TestLoadForBootstrapAllowsMissingJWTSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	viper.Reset()
+	t.Setenv("JWT_SECRET", "")
+
+	cfg, err := LoadForBootstrap()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadForBootstrap() error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if cfg.JWT.Secret != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadForBootstrap() should keep empty jwt.secret during bootstrap")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestNormalizeRunMode(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		input    string

backend/internal/config/wire.go

@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ var ProviderSet = wire.NewSet(
 
 // ProvideConfig 提供应用配置
 func ProvideConfig() (*Config, error) {
-	return Load()
+	return LoadForBootstrap()
 }

backend/internal/handler/openai_gateway_handler.go

@@ -13,13 +13,11 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/ip"
-	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/openai"
 	middleware2 "github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/server/middleware"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
-	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
 )
 
 // OpenAIGatewayHandler handles OpenAI API gateway requests
@@ -118,22 +116,6 @@ func (h *OpenAIGatewayHandler) Responses(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 	reqStream := streamResult.Bool()
 
-	userAgent := c.GetHeader("User-Agent")
-	isCodexCLI := openai.IsCodexCLIRequest(userAgent) || (h.cfg != nil && h.cfg.Gateway.ForceCodexCLI)
-	if !isCodexCLI {
-		existingInstructions := gjson.GetBytes(body, "instructions").String()
-		if strings.TrimSpace(existingInstructions) == "" {
-			if instructions := strings.TrimSpace(service.GetOpenCodeInstructions()); instructions != "" {
-				newBody, err := sjson.SetBytes(body, "instructions", instructions)
-				if err != nil {
-					h.errorResponse(c, http.StatusInternalServerError, "api_error", "Failed to process request")
-					return
-				}
-				body = newBody
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	setOpsRequestContext(c, reqModel, reqStream, body)
 
 	// 提前校验 function_call_output 是否具备可关联上下文，避免上游 400。

backend/internal/repository/ent.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package repository
 import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/ent"
@@ -66,6 +67,18 @@ func InitEnt(cfg *config.Config) (*ent.Client, *sql.DB, error) {
 	// 创建 Ent 客户端，绑定到已配置的数据库驱动。
 	client := ent.NewClient(ent.Driver(drv))
 
+	// 启动阶段：从配置或数据库中确保系统密钥可用。
+	if err := ensureBootstrapSecrets(migrationCtx, client, cfg); err != nil {
+		_ = client.Close()
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	// 在密钥补齐后执行完整配置校验，避免空 jwt.secret 导致服务运行时失败。
+	if err := cfg.Validate(); err != nil {
+		_ = client.Close()
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("validate config after secret bootstrap: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	// SIMPLE 模式：启动时补齐各平台默认分组。
 	// - anthropic/openai/gemini: 确保存在 <platform>-default
 	// - antigravity: 仅要求存在 >=2 个未软删除分组（用于 claude/gemini 混合调度场景）

backend/internal/repository/migrations_schema_integration_test.go

@@ -48,6 +48,11 @@ func TestMigrationsRunner_IsIdempotent_AndSchemaIsUpToDate(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, tx.QueryRowContext(context.Background(), "SELECT to_regclass('public.settings')").Scan(&settingsRegclass))
 	require.True(t, settingsRegclass.Valid, "expected settings table to exist")
 
+	// security_secrets table should exist
+	var securitySecretsRegclass sql.NullString
+	require.NoError(t, tx.QueryRowContext(context.Background(), "SELECT to_regclass('public.security_secrets')").Scan(&securitySecretsRegclass))
+	require.True(t, securitySecretsRegclass.Valid, "expected security_secrets table to exist")
+
 	// user_allowed_groups table should exist
 	var uagRegclass sql.NullString
 	require.NoError(t, tx.QueryRowContext(context.Background(), "SELECT to_regclass('public.user_allowed_groups')").Scan(&uagRegclass))

backend/internal/repository/security_secret_bootstrap.go

+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/ent"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/ent/securitysecret"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
+)
+
+const securitySecretKeyJWT = "jwt_secret"
+
+var readRandomBytes = rand.Read
+
+func ensureBootstrapSecrets(ctx context.Context, client *ent.Client, cfg *config.Config) error {
+	if client == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("nil ent client")
+	}
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("nil config")
+	}
+
+	cfg.JWT.Secret = strings.TrimSpace(cfg.JWT.Secret)
+	if cfg.JWT.Secret != "" {
+		if err := createSecuritySecretIfAbsent(ctx, client, securitySecretKeyJWT, cfg.JWT.Secret); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("persist jwt secret: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	secret, created, err := getOrCreateGeneratedSecuritySecret(ctx, client, securitySecretKeyJWT, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("ensure jwt secret: %w", err)
+	}
+	cfg.JWT.Secret = secret
+
+	if created {
+		log.Println("Warning: JWT secret auto-generated and persisted to database. Consider rotating to a managed secret for production.")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getOrCreateGeneratedSecuritySecret(ctx context.Context, client *ent.Client, key string, byteLength int) (string, bool, error) {
+	existing, err := client.SecuritySecret.Query().Where(securitysecret.KeyEQ(key)).Only(ctx)
+	if err == nil {
+		value := strings.TrimSpace(existing.Value)
+		if len([]byte(value)) < 32 {
+			return "", false, fmt.Errorf("stored secret %q must be at least 32 bytes", key)
+		}
+		return value, false, nil
+	}
+	if !ent.IsNotFound(err) {
+		return "", false, err
+	}
+
+	generated, err := generateHexSecret(byteLength)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", false, err
+	}
+
+	if err := client.SecuritySecret.Create().
+		SetKey(key).
+		SetValue(generated).
+		OnConflictColumns(securitysecret.FieldKey).
+		DoNothing().
+		Exec(ctx); err != nil {
+		return "", false, err
+	}
+
+	stored, err := client.SecuritySecret.Query().Where(securitysecret.KeyEQ(key)).Only(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", false, err
+	}
+	value := strings.TrimSpace(stored.Value)
+	if len([]byte(value)) < 32 {
+		return "", false, fmt.Errorf("stored secret %q must be at least 32 bytes", key)
+	}
+	return value, value == generated, nil
+}
+
+func createSecuritySecretIfAbsent(ctx context.Context, client *ent.Client, key, value string) error {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if len([]byte(value)) < 32 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("secret %q must be at least 32 bytes", key)
+	}
+
+	_, err := client.SecuritySecret.Create().SetKey(key).SetValue(value).Save(ctx)
+	if err == nil || ent.IsConstraintError(err) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func generateHexSecret(byteLength int) (string, error) {
+	if byteLength <= 0 {
+		byteLength = 32
+	}
+	buf := make([]byte, byteLength)
+	if _, err := readRandomBytes(buf); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("generate random secret: %w", err)
+	}
+	return hex.EncodeToString(buf), nil
+}

backend/internal/repository/security_secret_bootstrap_test.go

+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	dbent "github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/ent"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/ent/enttest"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/ent/securitysecret"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"entgo.io/ent/dialect"
+	entsql "entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
+	_ "modernc.org/sqlite"
+)
+
+func newSecuritySecretTestClient(t *testing.T) *dbent.Client {
+	t.Helper()
+	name := strings.ReplaceAll(t.Name(), "/", "_")
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared&_fk=1", name)
+
+	db, err := sql.Open("sqlite", dsn)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = db.Close() })
+
+	_, err = db.Exec("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	drv := entsql.OpenDB(dialect.SQLite, db)
+	client := enttest.NewClient(t, enttest.WithOptions(dbent.Driver(drv)))
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = client.Close() })
+	return client
+}
+
+func TestEnsureBootstrapSecretsNilInputs(t *testing.T) {
+	err := ensureBootstrapSecrets(context.Background(), nil, &config.Config{})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "nil ent client")
+
+	client := newSecuritySecretTestClient(t)
+	err = ensureBootstrapSecrets(context.Background(), client, nil)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "nil config")
+}
+
+func TestEnsureBootstrapSecretsGenerateAndPersistJWTSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newSecuritySecretTestClient(t)
+	cfg := &config.Config{}
+
+	err := ensureBootstrapSecrets(context.Background(), client, cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, cfg.JWT.Secret)
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, len([]byte(cfg.JWT.Secret)), 32)
+
+	stored, err := client.SecuritySecret.Query().Where(securitysecret.KeyEQ(securitySecretKeyJWT)).Only(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, cfg.JWT.Secret, stored.Value)
+}
+
+func TestEnsureBootstrapSecretsLoadExistingJWTSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newSecuritySecretTestClient(t)
+	_, err := client.SecuritySecret.Create().SetKey(securitySecretKeyJWT).SetValue("existing-jwt-secret-32bytes-long!!!!").Save(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{}
+	err = ensureBootstrapSecrets(context.Background(), client, cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "existing-jwt-secret-32bytes-long!!!!", cfg.JWT.Secret)
+}
+
+func TestEnsureBootstrapSecretsRejectInvalidStoredSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newSecuritySecretTestClient(t)
+	_, err := client.SecuritySecret.Create().SetKey(securitySecretKeyJWT).SetValue("too-short").Save(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{}
+	err = ensureBootstrapSecrets(context.Background(), client, cfg)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "at least 32 bytes")
+}
+
+func TestEnsureBootstrapSecretsPersistConfiguredJWTSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newSecuritySecretTestClient(t)
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		JWT: config.JWTConfig{Secret: "configured-jwt-secret-32bytes-long!!"},
+	}
+
+	err := ensureBootstrapSecrets(context.Background(), client, cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	stored, err := client.SecuritySecret.Query().Where(securitysecret.KeyEQ(securitySecretKeyJWT)).Only(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "configured-jwt-secret-32bytes-long!!", stored.Value)
+}
+
+func TestEnsureBootstrapSecretsConfiguredSecretTooShort(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newSecuritySecretTestClient(t)
+	cfg := &config.Config{JWT: config.JWTConfig{Secret: "short"}}
+
+	err := ensureBootstrapSecrets(context.Background(), client, cfg)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "at least 32 bytes")
+}
+
+func TestEnsureBootstrapSecretsConfiguredSecretDuplicateIgnored(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newSecuritySecretTestClient(t)
+	_, err := client.SecuritySecret.Create().
+		SetKey(securitySecretKeyJWT).
+		SetValue("existing-jwt-secret-32bytes-long!!!!").
+		Save(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{JWT: config.JWTConfig{Secret: "another-configured-jwt-secret-32!!!!"}}
+	err = ensureBootstrapSecrets(context.Background(), client, cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	stored, err := client.SecuritySecret.Query().Where(securitysecret.KeyEQ(securitySecretKeyJWT)).Only(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "existing-jwt-secret-32bytes-long!!!!", stored.Value)
+}
+
+func TestGetOrCreateGeneratedSecuritySecretTrimmedExistingValue(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newSecuritySecretTestClient(t)
+	_, err := client.SecuritySecret.Create().
+		SetKey("trimmed_key").
+		SetValue("  existing-trimmed-secret-32bytes-long!!  ").
+		Save(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	value, created, err := getOrCreateGeneratedSecuritySecret(context.Background(), client, "trimmed_key", 32)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, created)
+	require.Equal(t, "existing-trimmed-secret-32bytes-long!!", value)
+}
+
+func TestGetOrCreateGeneratedSecuritySecretQueryError(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newSecuritySecretTestClient(t)
+	require.NoError(t, client.Close())
+
+	_, _, err := getOrCreateGeneratedSecuritySecret(context.Background(), client, "closed_client_key", 32)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestGetOrCreateGeneratedSecuritySecretCreateValidationError(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newSecuritySecretTestClient(t)
+	tooLongKey := strings.Repeat("k", 101)
+
+	_, _, err := getOrCreateGeneratedSecuritySecret(context.Background(), client, tooLongKey, 32)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestGetOrCreateGeneratedSecuritySecretConcurrentCreation(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newSecuritySecretTestClient(t)
+	const goroutines = 8
+	key := "concurrent_bootstrap_key"
+
+	values := make([]string, goroutines)
+	createdFlags := make([]bool, goroutines)
+	errs := make([]error, goroutines)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < goroutines; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(idx int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			values[idx], createdFlags[idx], errs[idx] = getOrCreateGeneratedSecuritySecret(context.Background(), client, key, 32)
+		}(i)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	for i := range errs {
+		require.NoError(t, errs[i])
+		require.NotEmpty(t, values[i])
+	}
+	for i := 1; i < len(values); i++ {
+		require.Equal(t, values[0], values[i])
+	}
+
+	createdCount := 0
+	for _, created := range createdFlags {
+		if created {
+			createdCount++
+		}
+	}
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, createdCount, 1)
+	require.LessOrEqual(t, createdCount, 1)
+
+	count, err := client.SecuritySecret.Query().Where(securitysecret.KeyEQ(key)).Count(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, count)
+}
+
+func TestGetOrCreateGeneratedSecuritySecretGenerateError(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newSecuritySecretTestClient(t)
+	originalRead := readRandomBytes
+	readRandomBytes = func([]byte) (int, error) {
+		return 0, errors.New("boom")
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		readRandomBytes = originalRead
+	})
+
+	_, _, err := getOrCreateGeneratedSecuritySecret(context.Background(), client, "gen_error_key", 32)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "boom")
+}
+
+func TestCreateSecuritySecretIfAbsent(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newSecuritySecretTestClient(t)
+
+	err := createSecuritySecretIfAbsent(context.Background(), client, "abc", "short")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "at least 32 bytes")
+
+	err = createSecuritySecretIfAbsent(context.Background(), client, "abc", "valid-jwt-secret-value-32bytes-long")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = createSecuritySecretIfAbsent(context.Background(), client, "abc", "another-valid-secret-value-32bytes")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	count, err := client.SecuritySecret.Query().Where(securitysecret.KeyEQ("abc")).Count(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, count)
+}
+
+func TestCreateSecuritySecretIfAbsentValidationError(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newSecuritySecretTestClient(t)
+	err := createSecuritySecretIfAbsent(
+		context.Background(),
+		client,
+		strings.Repeat("k", 101),
+		"valid-jwt-secret-value-32bytes-long",
+	)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestGenerateHexSecretReadError(t *testing.T) {
+	originalRead := readRandomBytes
+	readRandomBytes = func([]byte) (int, error) {
+		return 0, errors.New("read random failed")
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		readRandomBytes = originalRead
+	})
+
+	_, err := generateHexSecret(32)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "read random failed")
+}
+
+func TestGenerateHexSecretLengths(t *testing.T) {
+	v1, err := generateHexSecret(0)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, v1, 64)
+	_, err = hex.DecodeString(v1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	v2, err := generateHexSecret(16)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, v2, 32)
+	_, err = hex.DecodeString(v2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NotEqual(t, v1, v2)
+}

backend/internal/service/account.go

@@ -696,23 +696,27 @@ func (a *Account) IsMixedSchedulingEnabled() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-// IsOpenAIOAuthPassthroughEnabled 返回 OpenAI OAuth 账号是否启用“原样透传（仅替换认证）”。
+// IsOpenAIPassthroughEnabled 返回 OpenAI 账号是否启用“自动透传（仅替换认证）”。
 //
-// 存储位置：accounts.extra.openai_oauth_passthrough。
+// 新字段：accounts.extra.openai_passthrough。
+// 兼容字段：accounts.extra.openai_oauth_passthrough（历史 OAuth 开关）。
 // 字段缺失或类型不正确时，按 false（关闭）处理。
-func (a *Account) IsOpenAIOAuthPassthroughEnabled() bool {
-	if a == nil || a.Extra == nil {
+func (a *Account) IsOpenAIPassthroughEnabled() bool {
+	if a == nil || !a.IsOpenAI() || a.Extra == nil {
 		return false
 	}
-	v, ok := a.Extra["openai_oauth_passthrough"]
-	if !ok || v == nil {
-		return false
+	if enabled, ok := a.Extra["openai_passthrough"].(bool); ok {
+		return enabled
 	}
-	enabled, ok := v.(bool)
-	if !ok {
-		return false
+	if enabled, ok := a.Extra["openai_oauth_passthrough"].(bool); ok {
+		return enabled
 	}
-	return enabled
+	return false
+}
+
+// IsOpenAIOAuthPassthroughEnabled 兼容旧接口，等价于 OAuth 账号的 IsOpenAIPassthroughEnabled。
+func (a *Account) IsOpenAIOAuthPassthroughEnabled() bool {
+	return a != nil && a.IsOpenAIOAuth() && a.IsOpenAIPassthroughEnabled()
 }
 
 // WindowCostSchedulability 窗口费用调度状态

backend/internal/service/account_openai_passthrough_test.go

+package service
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestAccount_IsOpenAIPassthroughEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("新字段开启", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := &Account{
+			Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+			Type:     AccountTypeAPIKey,
+			Extra: map[string]any{
+				"openai_passthrough": true,
+			},
+		}
+		require.True(t, account.IsOpenAIPassthroughEnabled())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("兼容旧字段", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := &Account{
+			Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+			Type:     AccountTypeOAuth,
+			Extra: map[string]any{
+				"openai_oauth_passthrough": true,
+			},
+		}
+		require.True(t, account.IsOpenAIPassthroughEnabled())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("非OpenAI账号始终关闭", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := &Account{
+			Platform: PlatformAnthropic,
+			Type:     AccountTypeOAuth,
+			Extra: map[string]any{
+				"openai_passthrough": true,
+			},
+		}
+		require.False(t, account.IsOpenAIPassthroughEnabled())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("空额外配置默认关闭", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := &Account{
+			Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+			Type:     AccountTypeOAuth,
+		}
+		require.False(t, account.IsOpenAIPassthroughEnabled())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAccount_IsOpenAIOAuthPassthroughEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("仅OAuth类型允许返回开启", func(t *testing.T) {
+		oauthAccount := &Account{
+			Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+			Type:     AccountTypeOAuth,
+			Extra: map[string]any{
+				"openai_passthrough": true,
+			},
+		}
+		require.True(t, oauthAccount.IsOpenAIOAuthPassthroughEnabled())
+
+		apiKeyAccount := &Account{
+			Platform: PlatformOpenAI,
+			Type:     AccountTypeAPIKey,
+			Extra: map[string]any{
+				"openai_passthrough": true,
+			},
+		}
+		require.False(t, apiKeyAccount.IsOpenAIOAuthPassthroughEnabled())
+	})
+}

backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go

@@ -747,11 +747,11 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, acco
 	originalModel := reqModel
 
 	isCodexCLI := openai.IsCodexCLIRequest(c.GetHeader("User-Agent")) || (s.cfg != nil && s.cfg.Gateway.ForceCodexCLI)
-	passthroughEnabled := account.Type == AccountTypeOAuth && account.IsOpenAIOAuthPassthroughEnabled() && isCodexCLI
+	passthroughEnabled := account.IsOpenAIPassthroughEnabled()
 	if passthroughEnabled {
 		// 透传分支只需要轻量提取字段，避免热路径全量 Unmarshal。
 		reasoningEffort := extractOpenAIReasoningEffortFromBody(body, reqModel)
-		return s.forwardOAuthPassthrough(ctx, c, account, originalBody, reqModel, reasoningEffort, reqStream, startTime)
+		return s.forwardOpenAIPassthrough(ctx, c, account, originalBody, reqModel, reasoningEffort, reqStream, startTime)
 	}
 
 	reqBody, err := getOpenAIRequestBodyMap(c, body)
@@ -775,6 +775,14 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, acco
 	// Track if body needs re-serialization
 	bodyModified := false
 
+	// 非透传模式下，保持历史行为：非 Codex CLI 请求在 instructions 为空时注入默认指令。
+	if !isCodexCLI && isInstructionsEmpty(reqBody) {
+		if instructions := strings.TrimSpace(GetOpenCodeInstructions()); instructions != "" {
+			reqBody["instructions"] = instructions
+			bodyModified = true
+		}
+	}
+
 	// 对所有请求执行模型映射（包含 Codex CLI）。
 	mappedModel := account.GetMappedModel(reqModel)
 	if mappedModel != reqModel {
@@ -994,7 +1002,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, acco
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) forwardOAuthPassthrough(
+func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) forwardOpenAIPassthrough(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	c *gin.Context,
 	account *Account,
@@ -1004,7 +1012,14 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) forwardOAuthPassthrough(
 	reqStream bool,
 	startTime time.Time,
 ) (*OpenAIForwardResult, error) {
-	log.Printf("[OpenAI 透传] 已启用：account=%d name=%s", account.ID, account.Name)
+	log.Printf(
+		"[OpenAI 自动透传] 命中自动透传分支: account=%d name=%s type=%s model=%s stream=%v",
+		account.ID,
+		account.Name,
+		account.Type,
+		reqModel,
+		reqStream,
+	)
 
 	// Get access token
 	token, _, err := s.GetAccessToken(ctx, account)
@@ -1012,7 +1027,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) forwardOAuthPassthrough(
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequestOAuthPassthrough(ctx, c, account, body, token)
+	upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequestOpenAIPassthrough(ctx, c, account, body, token)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1092,14 +1107,29 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) forwardOAuthPassthrough(
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) buildUpstreamRequestOAuthPassthrough(
+func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) buildUpstreamRequestOpenAIPassthrough(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	c *gin.Context,
 	account *Account,
 	body []byte,
 	token string,
 ) (*http.Request, error) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, chatgptCodexURL, bytes.NewReader(body))
+	targetURL := openaiPlatformAPIURL
+	switch account.Type {
+	case AccountTypeOAuth:
+		targetURL = chatgptCodexURL
+	case AccountTypeAPIKey:
+		baseURL := account.GetOpenAIBaseURL()
+		if baseURL != "" {
+			validatedURL, err := s.validateUpstreamBaseURL(baseURL)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			targetURL = buildOpenAIResponsesURL(validatedURL)
+		}
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, targetURL, bytes.NewReader(body))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1123,16 +1153,18 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) buildUpstreamRequestOAuthPassthrough(
 	req.Header.Del("x-goog-api-key")
 	req.Header.Set("authorization", "Bearer "+token)
 
-	// ChatGPT internal Codex API 必要头
-	req.Host = "chatgpt.com"
-	if chatgptAccountID := account.GetChatGPTAccountID(); chatgptAccountID != "" {
-		req.Header.Set("chatgpt-account-id", chatgptAccountID)
-	}
-	if req.Header.Get("OpenAI-Beta") == "" {
-		req.Header.Set("OpenAI-Beta", "responses=experimental")
-	}
-	if req.Header.Get("originator") == "" {
-		req.Header.Set("originator", "codex_cli_rs")
+	// OAuth 透传到 ChatGPT internal API 时补齐必要头。
+	if account.Type == AccountTypeOAuth {
+		req.Host = "chatgpt.com"
+		if chatgptAccountID := account.GetChatGPTAccountID(); chatgptAccountID != "" {
+			req.Header.Set("chatgpt-account-id", chatgptAccountID)
+		}
+		if req.Header.Get("OpenAI-Beta") == "" {
+			req.Header.Set("OpenAI-Beta", "responses=experimental")
+		}
+		if req.Header.Get("originator") == "" {
+			req.Header.Set("originator", "codex_cli_rs")
+		}
 	}
 
 	if req.Header.Get("content-type") == "" {
@@ -1389,7 +1421,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) buildUpstreamRequest(ctx context.Context, c *gin.
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			targetURL = validatedURL + "/responses"
+			targetURL = buildOpenAIResponsesURL(validatedURL)
 		}
 	default:
 		targetURL = openaiPlatformAPIURL
@@ -2084,6 +2116,21 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) validateUpstreamBaseURL(raw string) (string, erro
 	return normalized, nil
 }
 
+// buildOpenAIResponsesURL 组装 OpenAI Responses 端点。
+// - base 以 /v1 结尾：追加 /responses
+// - base 已是 /responses：原样返回
+// - 其他情况：追加 /v1/responses
+func buildOpenAIResponsesURL(base string) string {
+	normalized := strings.TrimRight(strings.TrimSpace(base), "/")
+	if strings.HasSuffix(normalized, "/responses") {
+		return normalized
+	}
+	if strings.HasSuffix(normalized, "/v1") {
+		return normalized + "/responses"
+	}
+	return normalized + "/v1/responses"
+}
+
 func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) replaceModelInResponseBody(body []byte, fromModel, toModel string) []byte {
 	// 使用 gjson/sjson 精确替换 model 字段，避免全量 JSON 反序列化
 	if m := gjson.GetBytes(body, "model"); m.Exists() && m.Str == fromModel {

backend/internal/service/openai_oauth_passthrough_test.go

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_StreamKeepsToolNameAndBodyUnchang
 		Type:           AccountTypeOAuth,
 		Concurrency:    1,
 		Credentials:    map[string]any{"access_token": "oauth-token", "chatgpt_account_id": "chatgpt-acc"},
-		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_oauth_passthrough": true},
+		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_passthrough": true},
 		Status:         StatusActive,
 		Schedulable:    true,
 		RateMultiplier: f64p(1),
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_StreamKeepsToolNameAndBodyUnchang
 
 	// 2) only auth is replaced; inbound auth/cookie are not forwarded
 	require.Equal(t, "Bearer oauth-token", upstream.lastReq.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+	require.Equal(t, "codex_cli_rs/0.1.0", upstream.lastReq.Header.Get("User-Agent"))
 	require.Empty(t, upstream.lastReq.Header.Get("Cookie"))
 	require.Empty(t, upstream.lastReq.Header.Get("X-Api-Key"))
 	require.Empty(t, upstream.lastReq.Header.Get("X-Goog-Api-Key"))
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_DisabledUsesLegacyTransform(t *te
 		Type:           AccountTypeOAuth,
 		Concurrency:    1,
 		Credentials:    map[string]any{"access_token": "oauth-token", "chatgpt_account_id": "chatgpt-acc"},
-		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_oauth_passthrough": false},
+		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_passthrough": false},
 		Status:         StatusActive,
 		Schedulable:    true,
 		RateMultiplier: f64p(1),
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_ResponseHeadersAllowXCodex(t *tes
 		Type:           AccountTypeOAuth,
 		Concurrency:    1,
 		Credentials:    map[string]any{"access_token": "oauth-token", "chatgpt_account_id": "chatgpt-acc"},
-		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_oauth_passthrough": true},
+		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_passthrough": true},
 		Status:         StatusActive,
 		Schedulable:    true,
 		RateMultiplier: f64p(1),
@@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_UpstreamErrorIncludesPassthroughF
 		Type:           AccountTypeOAuth,
 		Concurrency:    1,
 		Credentials:    map[string]any{"access_token": "oauth-token", "chatgpt_account_id": "chatgpt-acc"},
-		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_oauth_passthrough": true},
+		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_passthrough": true},
 		Status:         StatusActive,
 		Schedulable:    true,
 		RateMultiplier: f64p(1),
@@ -267,7 +268,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_UpstreamErrorIncludesPassthroughF
 	require.True(t, arr[len(arr)-1].Passthrough)
 }
 
-func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_RequiresCodexUAOrForceFlag(t *testing.T) {
+func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_NonCodexUAStillPassthroughWhenEnabled(t *testing.T) {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_RequiresCodexUAOrForceFlag(t *tes
 		Type:           AccountTypeOAuth,
 		Concurrency:    1,
 		Credentials:    map[string]any{"access_token": "oauth-token", "chatgpt_account_id": "chatgpt-acc"},
-		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_oauth_passthrough": true},
+		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_passthrough": true},
 		Status:         StatusActive,
 		Schedulable:    true,
 		RateMultiplier: f64p(1),
@@ -305,16 +306,8 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_RequiresCodexUAOrForceFlag(t *tes
 
 	_, err := svc.Forward(context.Background(), c, account, inputBody)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	// not codex, not forced => legacy transform should run
-	require.Contains(t, string(upstream.lastBody), `"store":false`)
-	require.Contains(t, string(upstream.lastBody), `"stream":true`)
-
-	// now enable force flag => should passthrough and keep bytes
-	upstream2 := &httpUpstreamRecorder{resp: resp}
-	svc2 := &OpenAIGatewayService{cfg: &config.Config{Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{ForceCodexCLI: true}}, httpUpstream: upstream2}
-	_, err = svc2.Forward(context.Background(), c, account, inputBody)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, inputBody, upstream2.lastBody)
+	require.Equal(t, inputBody, upstream.lastBody)
+	require.Equal(t, "curl/8.0", upstream.lastReq.Header.Get("User-Agent"))
 }
 
 func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_StreamingSetsFirstTokenMs(t *testing.T) {
@@ -352,7 +345,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_StreamingSetsFirstTokenMs(t *test
 		Type:           AccountTypeOAuth,
 		Concurrency:    1,
 		Credentials:    map[string]any{"access_token": "oauth-token", "chatgpt_account_id": "chatgpt-acc"},
-		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_oauth_passthrough": true},
+		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_passthrough": true},
 		Status:         StatusActive,
 		Schedulable:    true,
 		RateMultiplier: f64p(1),
@@ -406,7 +399,7 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_StreamClientDisconnectStillCollec
 		Type:           AccountTypeOAuth,
 		Concurrency:    1,
 		Credentials:    map[string]any{"access_token": "oauth-token", "chatgpt_account_id": "chatgpt-acc"},
-		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_oauth_passthrough": true},
+		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_passthrough": true},
 		Status:         StatusActive,
 		Schedulable:    true,
 		RateMultiplier: f64p(1),
@@ -421,3 +414,48 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayService_OAuthPassthrough_StreamClientDisconnectStillCollec
 	require.Equal(t, 7, result.Usage.OutputTokens)
 	require.Equal(t, 3, result.Usage.CacheReadInputTokens)
 }
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayService_APIKeyPassthrough_PreservesBodyAndUsesResponsesEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/v1/responses", bytes.NewReader(nil))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("User-Agent", "curl/8.0")
+	c.Request.Header.Set("X-Test", "keep")
+
+	originalBody := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.2","stream":false,"max_output_tokens":128,"input":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]}`)
+	resp := &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}, "x-request-id": []string{"rid"}},
+		Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(`{"output":[],"usage":{"input_tokens":1,"output_tokens":1,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":0}}}`)),
+	}
+	upstream := &httpUpstreamRecorder{resp: resp}
+
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{
+		cfg:          &config.Config{Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{ForceCodexCLI: false}},
+		httpUpstream: upstream,
+	}
+
+	account := &Account{
+		ID:             456,
+		Name:           "apikey-acc",
+		Platform:       PlatformOpenAI,
+		Type:           AccountTypeAPIKey,
+		Concurrency:    1,
+		Credentials:    map[string]any{"api_key": "sk-api-key", "base_url": "https://api.openai.com"},
+		Extra:          map[string]any{"openai_passthrough": true},
+		Status:         StatusActive,
+		Schedulable:    true,
+		RateMultiplier: f64p(1),
+	}
+
+	_, err := svc.Forward(context.Background(), c, account, originalBody)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, upstream.lastReq)
+	require.Equal(t, originalBody, upstream.lastBody)
+	require.Equal(t, "https://api.openai.com/v1/responses", upstream.lastReq.URL.String())
+	require.Equal(t, "Bearer sk-api-key", upstream.lastReq.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+	require.Equal(t, "curl/8.0", upstream.lastReq.Header.Get("User-Agent"))
+	require.Equal(t, "keep", upstream.lastReq.Header.Get("X-Test"))
+}

backend/migrations/053_add_security_secrets.sql

+-- 存储系统级密钥（如 JWT 签名密钥、TOTP 加密密钥）
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS security_secrets (
+  id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+  key VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+  value TEXT NOT NULL,
+  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_security_secrets_key ON security_secrets (key);

frontend/src/components/account/CreateAccountModal.vue

@@ -866,77 +866,30 @@
         <div v-if="form.platform !== 'gemini'" class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600">
           <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.modelRestriction') }}</label>
 
-          <!-- Mode Toggle -->
-          <div class="mb-4 flex gap-2">
-            <button
-              type="button"
-              @click="modelRestrictionMode = 'whitelist'"
-              :class="[
-                'flex-1 rounded-lg px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium transition-all',
-                modelRestrictionMode === 'whitelist'
-                  ? 'bg-primary-100 text-primary-700 dark:bg-primary-900/30 dark:text-primary-400'
-                  : 'bg-gray-100 text-gray-600 hover:bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-dark-500'
-              ]"
-            >
-              <svg
-                class="mr-1.5 inline h-4 w-4"
-                fill="none"
-                viewBox="0 0 24 24"
-                stroke="currentColor"
-              >
-                <path
-                  stroke-linecap="round"
-                  stroke-linejoin="round"
-                  stroke-width="2"
-                  d="M9 12l2 2 4-4m6 2a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"
-                />
-              </svg>
-              {{ t('admin.accounts.modelWhitelist') }}
-            </button>
-            <button
-              type="button"
-              @click="modelRestrictionMode = 'mapping'"
-              :class="[
-                'flex-1 rounded-lg px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium transition-all',
-                modelRestrictionMode === 'mapping'
-                  ? 'bg-purple-100 text-purple-700 dark:bg-purple-900/30 dark:text-purple-400'
-                  : 'bg-gray-100 text-gray-600 hover:bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-dark-500'
-              ]"
-            >
-              <svg
-                class="mr-1.5 inline h-4 w-4"
-                fill="none"
-                viewBox="0 0 24 24"
-                stroke="currentColor"
-              >
-                <path
-                  stroke-linecap="round"
-                  stroke-linejoin="round"
-                  stroke-width="2"
-                  d="M8 7h12m0 0l-4-4m4 4l-4 4m0 6H4m0 0l4 4m-4-4l4-4"
-                />
-              </svg>
-              {{ t('admin.accounts.modelMapping') }}
-            </button>
-          </div>
-
-          <!-- Whitelist Mode -->
-          <div v-if="modelRestrictionMode === 'whitelist'">
-            <ModelWhitelistSelector v-model="allowedModels" :platform="form.platform" />
-            <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-              {{ t('admin.accounts.selectedModels', { count: allowedModels.length }) }}
-              <span v-if="allowedModels.length === 0">{{
-                t('admin.accounts.supportsAllModels')
-              }}</span>
+          <div
+            v-if="isOpenAIModelRestrictionDisabled"
+            class="mb-3 rounded-lg bg-amber-50 p-3 dark:bg-amber-900/20"
+          >
+            <p class="text-xs text-amber-700 dark:text-amber-400">
+              {{ t('admin.accounts.openai.modelRestrictionDisabledByPassthrough') }}
             </p>
           </div>
 
-          <!-- Mapping Mode -->
-          <div v-else>
-            <div class="mb-3 rounded-lg bg-purple-50 p-3 dark:bg-purple-900/20">
-              <p class="text-xs text-purple-700 dark:text-purple-400">
+          <template v-else>
+            <!-- Mode Toggle -->
+            <div class="mb-4 flex gap-2">
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                @click="modelRestrictionMode = 'whitelist'"
+                :class="[
+                  'flex-1 rounded-lg px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium transition-all',
+                  modelRestrictionMode === 'whitelist'
+                    ? 'bg-primary-100 text-primary-700 dark:bg-primary-900/30 dark:text-primary-400'
+                    : 'bg-gray-100 text-gray-600 hover:bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-dark-500'
+                ]"
+              >
                 <svg
-                  class="mr-1 inline h-4 w-4"
+                  class="mr-1.5 inline h-4 w-4"
                   fill="none"
                   viewBox="0 0 24 24"
                   stroke="currentColor"
@@ -945,13 +898,70 @@
                     stroke-linecap="round"
                     stroke-linejoin="round"
                     stroke-width="2"
-                    d="M13 16h-1v-4h-1m1-4h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"
+                    d="M9 12l2 2 4-4m6 2a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"
                   />
                 </svg>
-                {{ t('admin.accounts.mapRequestModels') }}
+                {{ t('admin.accounts.modelWhitelist') }}
+              </button>
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                @click="modelRestrictionMode = 'mapping'"
+                :class="[
+                  'flex-1 rounded-lg px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium transition-all',
+                  modelRestrictionMode === 'mapping'
+                    ? 'bg-purple-100 text-purple-700 dark:bg-purple-900/30 dark:text-purple-400'
+                    : 'bg-gray-100 text-gray-600 hover:bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-dark-500'
+                ]"
+              >
+                <svg
+                  class="mr-1.5 inline h-4 w-4"
+                  fill="none"
+                  viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+                  stroke="currentColor"
+                >
+                  <path
+                    stroke-linecap="round"
+                    stroke-linejoin="round"
+                    stroke-width="2"
+                    d="M8 7h12m0 0l-4-4m4 4l-4 4m0 6H4m0 0l4 4m-4-4l4-4"
+                  />
+                </svg>
+                {{ t('admin.accounts.modelMapping') }}
+              </button>
+            </div>
+
+            <!-- Whitelist Mode -->
+            <div v-if="modelRestrictionMode === 'whitelist'">
+              <ModelWhitelistSelector v-model="allowedModels" :platform="form.platform" />
+              <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                {{ t('admin.accounts.selectedModels', { count: allowedModels.length }) }}
+                <span v-if="allowedModels.length === 0">{{
+                  t('admin.accounts.supportsAllModels')
+                }}</span>
               </p>
             </div>
 
+            <!-- Mapping Mode -->
+            <div v-else>
+              <div class="mb-3 rounded-lg bg-purple-50 p-3 dark:bg-purple-900/20">
+                <p class="text-xs text-purple-700 dark:text-purple-400">
+                  <svg
+                    class="mr-1 inline h-4 w-4"
+                    fill="none"
+                    viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+                    stroke="currentColor"
+                  >
+                    <path
+                      stroke-linecap="round"
+                      stroke-linejoin="round"
+                      stroke-width="2"
+                      d="M13 16h-1v-4h-1m1-4h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"
+                    />
+                  </svg>
+                  {{ t('admin.accounts.mapRequestModels') }}
+                </p>
+              </div>
+
             <!-- Model Mapping List -->
             <div v-if="modelMappings.length > 0" class="mb-3 space-y-2">
               <div
@@ -1022,19 +1032,20 @@
               {{ t('admin.accounts.addMapping') }}
             </button>
 
-            <!-- Quick Add Buttons -->
-            <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
-              <button
-                v-for="preset in presetMappings"
-                :key="preset.label"
-                type="button"
-                @click="addPresetMapping(preset.from, preset.to)"
-                :class="['rounded-lg px-3 py-1 text-xs transition-colors', preset.color]"
-              >
-                + {{ preset.label }}
-              </button>
+              <!-- Quick Add Buttons -->
+              <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+                <button
+                  v-for="preset in presetMappings"
+                  :key="preset.label"
+                  type="button"
+                  @click="addPresetMapping(preset.from, preset.to)"
+                  :class="['rounded-lg px-3 py-1 text-xs transition-colors', preset.color]"
+                >
+                  + {{ preset.label }}
+                </button>
+              </div>
             </div>
-          </div>
+          </template>
         </div>
 
         <!-- Custom Error Codes Section -->
@@ -1562,6 +1573,36 @@
         <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.expiresAtHint') }}</p>
       </div>
 
+      <!-- OpenAI 自动透传开关（OAuth/API Key） -->
+      <div
+        v-if="form.platform === 'openai'"
+        class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600"
+      >
+        <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
+          <div>
+            <label class="input-label mb-0">{{ t('admin.accounts.openai.oauthPassthrough') }}</label>
+            <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+              {{ t('admin.accounts.openai.oauthPassthroughDesc') }}
+            </p>
+          </div>
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            @click="openaiPassthroughEnabled = !openaiPassthroughEnabled"
+            :class="[
+              'relative inline-flex h-6 w-11 flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer rounded-full border-2 border-transparent transition-colors duration-200 ease-in-out focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-primary-500 focus:ring-offset-2',
+              openaiPassthroughEnabled ? 'bg-primary-600' : 'bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600'
+            ]"
+          >
+            <span
+              :class="[
+                'pointer-events-none inline-block h-5 w-5 transform rounded-full bg-white shadow ring-0 transition duration-200 ease-in-out',
+                openaiPassthroughEnabled ? 'translate-x-5' : 'translate-x-0'
+              ]"
+            />
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
       <div>
         <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
           <div>
@@ -2143,6 +2184,7 @@ const selectedErrorCodes = ref<number[]>([])
 const customErrorCodeInput = ref<number | null>(null)
 const interceptWarmupRequests = ref(false)
 const autoPauseOnExpired = ref(true)
+const openaiPassthroughEnabled = ref(false)
 const enableSoraOnOpenAIOAuth = ref(false) // OpenAI OAuth 时同时启用 Sora
 const mixedScheduling = ref(false) // For antigravity accounts: enable mixed scheduling
 const antigravityAccountType = ref<'oauth' | 'upstream'>('oauth') // For antigravity: oauth or upstream
@@ -2192,6 +2234,10 @@ const geminiSelectedTier = computed(() => {
   }
 })
 
+const isOpenAIModelRestrictionDisabled = computed(() =>
+  form.platform === 'openai' && openaiPassthroughEnabled.value
+)
+
 const geminiQuotaDocs = {
   codeAssist: 'https://developers.google.com/gemini-code-assist/resources/quotas',
   aiStudio: 'https://ai.google.dev/pricing',
@@ -2362,6 +2408,9 @@ watch(
     if (newPlatform !== 'anthropic') {
       interceptWarmupRequests.value = false
     }
+    if (newPlatform !== 'openai') {
+      openaiPassthroughEnabled.value = false
+    }
     // Reset OAuth states
     oauth.resetState()
     openaiOAuth.resetState()
@@ -2615,6 +2664,7 @@ const resetForm = () => {
   customErrorCodeInput.value = null
   interceptWarmupRequests.value = false
   autoPauseOnExpired.value = true
+  openaiPassthroughEnabled.value = false
   enableSoraOnOpenAIOAuth.value = false
   // Reset quota control state
   windowCostEnabled.value = false
@@ -2645,6 +2695,21 @@ const handleClose = () => {
   emit('close')
 }
 
+const buildOpenAIPassthroughExtra = (base?: Record<string, unknown>): Record<string, unknown> | undefined => {
+  if (form.platform !== 'openai') {
+    return base
+  }
+
+  const extra: Record<string, unknown> = { ...(base || {}) }
+  if (openaiPassthroughEnabled.value) {
+    extra.openai_passthrough = true
+  } else {
+    delete extra.openai_passthrough
+    delete extra.openai_oauth_passthrough
+  }
+  return Object.keys(extra).length > 0 ? extra : undefined
+}
+
 // Helper function to create account with mixed channel warning handling
 const doCreateAccount = async (payload: any) => {
   submitting.value = true
@@ -2775,10 +2840,12 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
     credentials.tier_id = geminiTierAIStudio.value
   }
 
-  // Add model mapping if configured
-  const modelMapping = buildModelMappingObject(modelRestrictionMode.value, allowedModels.value, modelMappings.value)
-  if (modelMapping) {
-    credentials.model_mapping = modelMapping
+  // Add model mapping if configured（OpenAI 开启自动透传时不应用）
+  if (!isOpenAIModelRestrictionDisabled.value) {
+    const modelMapping = buildModelMappingObject(modelRestrictionMode.value, allowedModels.value, modelMappings.value)
+    if (modelMapping) {
+      credentials.model_mapping = modelMapping
+    }
   }
 
   // Add custom error codes if enabled
@@ -2796,10 +2863,12 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
   }
 
   form.credentials = credentials
+  const extra = buildOpenAIPassthroughExtra()
 
   await doCreateAccount({
     ...form,
     group_ids: form.group_ids,
+    extra,
     auto_pause_on_expired: autoPauseOnExpired.value
   })
 }
@@ -2879,7 +2948,8 @@ const handleOpenAIExchange = async (authCode: string) => {
     if (!tokenInfo) return
 
     const credentials = openaiOAuth.buildCredentials(tokenInfo)
-    const extra = openaiOAuth.buildExtraInfo(tokenInfo)
+    const oauthExtra = openaiOAuth.buildExtraInfo(tokenInfo) as Record<string, unknown> | undefined
+    const extra = buildOpenAIPassthroughExtra(oauthExtra)
 
     // 应用临时不可调度配置
     if (!applyTempUnschedConfig(credentials)) {
@@ -2916,10 +2986,12 @@ const handleOpenAIExchange = async (authCode: string) => {
         }
 
         // 建立关联关系
-        const soraExtra = {
-          ...extra,
+        const soraExtra: Record<string, unknown> = {
+          ...(extra || {}),
           linked_openai_account_id: String(openaiAccount.id)
         }
+        delete soraExtra.openai_passthrough
+        delete soraExtra.openai_oauth_passthrough
 
         await adminAPI.accounts.create({
           name: `${form.name} (Sora)`,
@@ -2991,7 +3063,8 @@ const handleOpenAIValidateRT = async (refreshTokenInput: string) => {
         }
 
         const credentials = openaiOAuth.buildCredentials(tokenInfo)
-        const extra = openaiOAuth.buildExtraInfo(tokenInfo)
+        const oauthExtra = openaiOAuth.buildExtraInfo(tokenInfo) as Record<string, unknown> | undefined
+        const extra = buildOpenAIPassthroughExtra(oauthExtra)
 
         // Generate account name with index for batch
         const accountName = refreshTokens.length > 1 ? `${form.name} #${i + 1}` : form.name

frontend/src/components/account/EditAccountModal.vue

@@ -69,77 +69,30 @@
         <div v-if="account.platform !== 'gemini' && account.platform !== 'antigravity'" class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600">
           <label class="input-label">{{ t('admin.accounts.modelRestriction') }}</label>
 
-          <!-- Mode Toggle -->
-          <div class="mb-4 flex gap-2">
-            <button
-              type="button"
-              @click="modelRestrictionMode = 'whitelist'"
-              :class="[
-                'flex-1 rounded-lg px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium transition-all',
-                modelRestrictionMode === 'whitelist'
-                  ? 'bg-primary-100 text-primary-700 dark:bg-primary-900/30 dark:text-primary-400'
-                  : 'bg-gray-100 text-gray-600 hover:bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-dark-500'
-              ]"
-            >
-              <svg
-                class="mr-1.5 inline h-4 w-4"
-                fill="none"
-                viewBox="0 0 24 24"
-                stroke="currentColor"
-              >
-                <path
-                  stroke-linecap="round"
-                  stroke-linejoin="round"
-                  stroke-width="2"
-                  d="M9 12l2 2 4-4m6 2a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"
-                />
-              </svg>
-              {{ t('admin.accounts.modelWhitelist') }}
-            </button>
-            <button
-              type="button"
-              @click="modelRestrictionMode = 'mapping'"
-              :class="[
-                'flex-1 rounded-lg px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium transition-all',
-                modelRestrictionMode === 'mapping'
-                  ? 'bg-purple-100 text-purple-700 dark:bg-purple-900/30 dark:text-purple-400'
-                  : 'bg-gray-100 text-gray-600 hover:bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-dark-500'
-              ]"
-            >
-              <svg
-                class="mr-1.5 inline h-4 w-4"
-                fill="none"
-                viewBox="0 0 24 24"
-                stroke="currentColor"
-              >
-                <path
-                  stroke-linecap="round"
-                  stroke-linejoin="round"
-                  stroke-width="2"
-                  d="M8 7h12m0 0l-4-4m4 4l-4 4m0 6H4m0 0l4 4m-4-4l4-4"
-                />
-              </svg>
-              {{ t('admin.accounts.modelMapping') }}
-            </button>
-          </div>
-
-          <!-- Whitelist Mode -->
-          <div v-if="modelRestrictionMode === 'whitelist'">
-            <ModelWhitelistSelector v-model="allowedModels" :platform="account?.platform || 'anthropic'" />
-            <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-              {{ t('admin.accounts.selectedModels', { count: allowedModels.length }) }}
-              <span v-if="allowedModels.length === 0">{{
-                t('admin.accounts.supportsAllModels')
-              }}</span>
+          <div
+            v-if="isOpenAIModelRestrictionDisabled"
+            class="mb-3 rounded-lg bg-amber-50 p-3 dark:bg-amber-900/20"
+          >
+            <p class="text-xs text-amber-700 dark:text-amber-400">
+              {{ t('admin.accounts.openai.modelRestrictionDisabledByPassthrough') }}
             </p>
           </div>
 
-          <!-- Mapping Mode -->
-          <div v-else>
-            <div class="mb-3 rounded-lg bg-purple-50 p-3 dark:bg-purple-900/20">
-              <p class="text-xs text-purple-700 dark:text-purple-400">
+          <template v-else>
+            <!-- Mode Toggle -->
+            <div class="mb-4 flex gap-2">
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                @click="modelRestrictionMode = 'whitelist'"
+                :class="[
+                  'flex-1 rounded-lg px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium transition-all',
+                  modelRestrictionMode === 'whitelist'
+                    ? 'bg-primary-100 text-primary-700 dark:bg-primary-900/30 dark:text-primary-400'
+                    : 'bg-gray-100 text-gray-600 hover:bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-dark-500'
+                ]"
+              >
                 <svg
-                  class="mr-1 inline h-4 w-4"
+                  class="mr-1.5 inline h-4 w-4"
                   fill="none"
                   viewBox="0 0 24 24"
                   stroke="currentColor"
@@ -148,13 +101,70 @@
                     stroke-linecap="round"
                     stroke-linejoin="round"
                     stroke-width="2"
-                    d="M13 16h-1v-4h-1m1-4h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"
+                    d="M9 12l2 2 4-4m6 2a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"
                   />
                 </svg>
-                {{ t('admin.accounts.mapRequestModels') }}
+                {{ t('admin.accounts.modelWhitelist') }}
+              </button>
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                @click="modelRestrictionMode = 'mapping'"
+                :class="[
+                  'flex-1 rounded-lg px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium transition-all',
+                  modelRestrictionMode === 'mapping'
+                    ? 'bg-purple-100 text-purple-700 dark:bg-purple-900/30 dark:text-purple-400'
+                    : 'bg-gray-100 text-gray-600 hover:bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-dark-500'
+                ]"
+              >
+                <svg
+                  class="mr-1.5 inline h-4 w-4"
+                  fill="none"
+                  viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+                  stroke="currentColor"
+                >
+                  <path
+                    stroke-linecap="round"
+                    stroke-linejoin="round"
+                    stroke-width="2"
+                    d="M8 7h12m0 0l-4-4m4 4l-4 4m0 6H4m0 0l4 4m-4-4l4-4"
+                  />
+                </svg>
+                {{ t('admin.accounts.modelMapping') }}
+              </button>
+            </div>
+
+            <!-- Whitelist Mode -->
+            <div v-if="modelRestrictionMode === 'whitelist'">
+              <ModelWhitelistSelector v-model="allowedModels" :platform="account?.platform || 'anthropic'" />
+              <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                {{ t('admin.accounts.selectedModels', { count: allowedModels.length }) }}
+                <span v-if="allowedModels.length === 0">{{
+                  t('admin.accounts.supportsAllModels')
+                }}</span>
               </p>
             </div>
 
+            <!-- Mapping Mode -->
+            <div v-else>
+              <div class="mb-3 rounded-lg bg-purple-50 p-3 dark:bg-purple-900/20">
+                <p class="text-xs text-purple-700 dark:text-purple-400">
+                  <svg
+                    class="mr-1 inline h-4 w-4"
+                    fill="none"
+                    viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+                    stroke="currentColor"
+                  >
+                    <path
+                      stroke-linecap="round"
+                      stroke-linejoin="round"
+                      stroke-width="2"
+                      d="M13 16h-1v-4h-1m1-4h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"
+                    />
+                  </svg>
+                  {{ t('admin.accounts.mapRequestModels') }}
+                </p>
+              </div>
+
             <!-- Model Mapping List -->
             <div v-if="modelMappings.length > 0" class="mb-3 space-y-2">
               <div
@@ -225,19 +235,20 @@
               {{ t('admin.accounts.addMapping') }}
             </button>
 
-            <!-- Quick Add Buttons -->
-            <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
-              <button
-                v-for="preset in presetMappings"
-                :key="preset.label"
-                type="button"
-                @click="addPresetMapping(preset.from, preset.to)"
-                :class="['rounded-lg px-3 py-1 text-xs transition-colors', preset.color]"
-              >
-                + {{ preset.label }}
-              </button>
+              <!-- Quick Add Buttons -->
+              <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+                <button
+                  v-for="preset in presetMappings"
+                  :key="preset.label"
+                  type="button"
+                  @click="addPresetMapping(preset.from, preset.to)"
+                  :class="['rounded-lg px-3 py-1 text-xs transition-colors', preset.color]"
+                >
+                  + {{ preset.label }}
+                </button>
+              </div>
             </div>
-          </div>
+          </template>
         </div>
 
         <!-- Custom Error Codes Section -->
@@ -694,9 +705,9 @@
         <p class="input-hint">{{ t('admin.accounts.expiresAtHint') }}</p>
       </div>
 
-      <!-- OpenAI OAuth passthrough toggle (OpenAI OAuth only) -->
+      <!-- OpenAI 自动透传开关（OAuth/API Key） -->
       <div
-        v-if="account?.platform === 'openai' && account?.type === 'oauth'"
+        v-if="account?.platform === 'openai' && (account?.type === 'oauth' || account?.type === 'apikey')"
         class="border-t border-gray-200 pt-4 dark:border-dark-600"
       >
         <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
@@ -708,16 +719,16 @@
           </div>
           <button
             type="button"
-            @click="openaiOAuthPassthroughEnabled = !openaiOAuthPassthroughEnabled"
+            @click="openaiPassthroughEnabled = !openaiPassthroughEnabled"
             :class="[
               'relative inline-flex h-6 w-11 flex-shrink-0 cursor-pointer rounded-full border-2 border-transparent transition-colors duration-200 ease-in-out focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-primary-500 focus:ring-offset-2',
-              openaiOAuthPassthroughEnabled ? 'bg-primary-600' : 'bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600'
+              openaiPassthroughEnabled ? 'bg-primary-600' : 'bg-gray-200 dark:bg-dark-600'
             ]"
           >
             <span
               :class="[
                 'pointer-events-none inline-block h-5 w-5 transform rounded-full bg-white shadow ring-0 transition duration-200 ease-in-out',
-                openaiOAuthPassthroughEnabled ? 'translate-x-5' : 'translate-x-0'
+                openaiPassthroughEnabled ? 'translate-x-5' : 'translate-x-0'
               ]"
             />
           </button>
@@ -1133,8 +1144,11 @@ const sessionIdleTimeout = ref<number | null>(null)
 const tlsFingerprintEnabled = ref(false)
 const sessionIdMaskingEnabled = ref(false)
 
-// OpenAI OAuth: passthrough mode toggle
-const openaiOAuthPassthroughEnabled = ref(false)
+// OpenAI 自动透传开关（OAuth/API Key）
+const openaiPassthroughEnabled = ref(false)
+const isOpenAIModelRestrictionDisabled = computed(() =>
+  props.account?.platform === 'openai' && openaiPassthroughEnabled.value
+)
 
 // Computed: current preset mappings based on platform
 const presetMappings = computed(() => getPresetMappingsByPlatform(props.account?.platform || 'anthropic'))
@@ -1223,10 +1237,10 @@ watch(
       const extra = newAccount.extra as Record<string, unknown> | undefined
       mixedScheduling.value = extra?.mixed_scheduling === true
 
-      // Load OpenAI OAuth passthrough toggle (OpenAI OAuth only)
-      openaiOAuthPassthroughEnabled.value = false
-      if (newAccount.platform === 'openai' && newAccount.type === 'oauth') {
-        openaiOAuthPassthroughEnabled.value = extra?.openai_oauth_passthrough === true
+      // Load OpenAI passthrough toggle (OpenAI OAuth/API Key)
+      openaiPassthroughEnabled.value = false
+      if (newAccount.platform === 'openai' && (newAccount.type === 'oauth' || newAccount.type === 'apikey')) {
+        openaiPassthroughEnabled.value = extra?.openai_passthrough === true || extra?.openai_oauth_passthrough === true
       }
 
       // Load antigravity model mapping (Antigravity 只支持映射模式)
@@ -1614,7 +1628,7 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
     if (props.account.type === 'apikey') {
       const currentCredentials = (props.account.credentials as Record<string, unknown>) || {}
       const newBaseUrl = editBaseUrl.value.trim() || defaultBaseUrl.value
-      const modelMapping = buildModelMappingObject(modelRestrictionMode.value, allowedModels.value, modelMappings.value)
+      const shouldApplyModelMapping = !(props.account.platform === 'openai' && openaiPassthroughEnabled.value)
 
       // Always update credentials for apikey type to handle model mapping changes
       const newCredentials: Record<string, unknown> = {
@@ -1634,9 +1648,14 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
         return
       }
 
-      // Add model mapping if configured
-      if (modelMapping) {
-        newCredentials.model_mapping = modelMapping
+      // Add model mapping if configured（OpenAI 开启自动透传时保留现有映射，不再编辑）
+      if (shouldApplyModelMapping) {
+        const modelMapping = buildModelMappingObject(modelRestrictionMode.value, allowedModels.value, modelMappings.value)
+        if (modelMapping) {
+          newCredentials.model_mapping = modelMapping
+        }
+      } else if (currentCredentials.model_mapping) {
+        newCredentials.model_mapping = currentCredentials.model_mapping
       }
 
       // Add custom error codes if enabled
@@ -1765,13 +1784,14 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
       updatePayload.extra = newExtra
     }
 
-    // For OpenAI OAuth accounts, handle passthrough mode in extra
-    if (props.account.platform === 'openai' && props.account.type === 'oauth') {
+    // For OpenAI OAuth/API Key accounts, handle passthrough mode in extra
+    if (props.account.platform === 'openai' && (props.account.type === 'oauth' || props.account.type === 'apikey')) {
       const currentExtra = (props.account.extra as Record<string, unknown>) || {}
       const newExtra: Record<string, unknown> = { ...currentExtra }
-      if (openaiOAuthPassthroughEnabled.value) {
-        newExtra.openai_oauth_passthrough = true
+      if (openaiPassthroughEnabled.value) {
+        newExtra.openai_passthrough = true
       } else {
+        delete newExtra.openai_passthrough
         delete newExtra.openai_oauth_passthrough
       }
       updatePayload.extra = newExtra

frontend/src/components/admin/usage/UsageTable.vue

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
         </template>
 
         <template #cell-user_agent="{ row }">
-          <span v-if="row.user_agent" class="text-sm text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400 max-w-[150px] truncate block" :title="row.user_agent">{{ formatUserAgent(row.user_agent) }}</span>
+          <span v-if="row.user_agent" class="text-sm text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400 block max-w-[320px] whitespace-normal break-all" :title="row.user_agent">{{ formatUserAgent(row.user_agent) }}</span>
           <span v-else class="text-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">-</span>
         </template>
 
@@ -284,16 +284,7 @@ const formatCacheTokens = (tokens: number): string => {
 }
 
 const formatUserAgent = (ua: string): string => {
-  // 提取主要客户端标识
-  if (ua.includes('claude-cli')) return ua.match(/claude-cli\/[\d.]+/)?.[0] || 'Claude CLI'
-  if (ua.includes('Cursor')) return 'Cursor'
-  if (ua.includes('VSCode') || ua.includes('vscode')) return 'VS Code'
-  if (ua.includes('Continue')) return 'Continue'
-  if (ua.includes('Cline')) return 'Cline'
-  if (ua.includes('OpenAI')) return 'OpenAI SDK'
-  if (ua.includes('anthropic')) return 'Anthropic SDK'
-  // 截断过长的 UA
-  return ua.length > 30 ? ua.substring(0, 30) + '...' : ua
+  return ua
 }
 
 const formatDuration = (ms: number | null | undefined): string => {

frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts

@@ -1533,7 +1533,8 @@ export default {
         apiKeyHint: 'Your OpenAI API Key',
         oauthPassthrough: 'Auto passthrough (auth only)',
         oauthPassthroughDesc:
-          'When enabled, applies to Codex CLI requests only: the gateway forwards request/response as-is and only swaps OAuth auth, while keeping billing/concurrency/audit. Disable to rollback if you hit 4xx or compatibility issues.',
+          'When enabled, this OpenAI account uses automatic passthrough: the gateway forwards request/response as-is and only swaps auth, while keeping billing/concurrency/audit and necessary safety filtering.',
+        modelRestrictionDisabledByPassthrough: 'Automatic passthrough is enabled: model whitelist/mapping will not take effect.',
         enableSora: 'Enable Sora simultaneously',
         enableSoraHint: 'Sora uses the same OpenAI account. Enable to create Sora account simultaneously.'
       },

frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts

@@ -1682,7 +1682,8 @@ export default {
         apiKeyHint: '您的 OpenAI API Key',
         oauthPassthrough: '自动透传（仅替换认证）',
         oauthPassthroughDesc:
-          '开启后，仅对 Codex CLI 请求生效：网关将原样透传请求与响应内容，只替换 OAuth 认证并保留计费/并发/审计；如遇 4xx/兼容性问题可关闭回滚。',
+          '开启后，该 OpenAI 账号将自动透传请求与响应，仅替换认证并保留计费/并发/审计及必要安全过滤；如遇兼容性问题可随时关闭回滚。',
+        modelRestrictionDisabledByPassthrough: '已开启自动透传：模型白名单/映射不会生效。',
         enableSora: '同时启用 Sora',
         enableSoraHint: 'Sora 使用相同的 OpenAI 账号，开启后将同时创建 Sora 平台账号'
       },

frontend/src/views/user/UsageView.vue

@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@
           </template>
 
           <template #cell-user_agent="{ row }">
-            <span v-if="row.user_agent" class="text-sm text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400 max-w-[150px] truncate block" :title="row.user_agent">{{ formatUserAgent(row.user_agent) }}</span>
+            <span v-if="row.user_agent" class="text-sm text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400 block max-w-[320px] whitespace-normal break-all" :title="row.user_agent">{{ formatUserAgent(row.user_agent) }}</span>
             <span v-else class="text-sm text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">-</span>
           </template>
 
@@ -545,16 +545,7 @@ const formatDuration = (ms: number): string => {
 }
 
 const formatUserAgent = (ua: string): string => {
-  // 提取主要客户端标识
-  if (ua.includes('claude-cli')) return ua.match(/claude-cli\/[\d.]+/)?.[0] || 'Claude CLI'
-  if (ua.includes('Cursor')) return 'Cursor'
-  if (ua.includes('VSCode') || ua.includes('vscode')) return 'VS Code'
-  if (ua.includes('Continue')) return 'Continue'
-  if (ua.includes('Cline')) return 'Cline'
-  if (ua.includes('OpenAI')) return 'OpenAI SDK'
-  if (ua.includes('anthropic')) return 'Anthropic SDK'
-  // 截断过长的 UA
-  return ua.length > 30 ? ua.substring(0, 30) + '...' : ua
+  return ua
 }
 
 const formatTokens = (value: number): string => {

openai-passthrough-regression-checklist-20260212.md

+# OpenAI 自动透传回归测试清单（2026-02-12）
+
+## 目标
+- 验证 OpenAI 账号（OAuth/API Key）“自动透传”开关在创建页与编辑页可正确开关。
+- 验证开启后请求透传（仅替换认证），并保留计费/并发/审计等网关能力。
+- 验证 `User-Agent` 头透传到上游，且 Usage 页面展示原始 UA（不映射、不截断）。
+
+## 自动化测试
+在仓库根目录执行：
+
+```bash
+(cd backend && go test ./internal/service -run 'OpenAIGatewayService_.*Passthrough|TestAccount_IsOpenAIPassthroughEnabled|TestAccount_IsOpenAIOAuthPassthroughEnabled' -count=1)
+(cd backend && go test ./internal/handler -run OpenAI -count=1)
+pnpm --dir frontend run typecheck
+pnpm --dir frontend run lint:check
+```
+
+预期：
+- 所有命令退出码为 `0`。
+
+## 手工回归场景
+
+### 场景1：创建 OpenAI API Key 账号并开启自动透传
+1. 进入管理端账号创建弹窗，平台选择 OpenAI，类型选择 API Key。
+2. 打开“自动透传（仅替换认证）”开关并保存。
+3. 检查创建后的账号详情。
+
+预期：
+- `extra.openai_passthrough = true`。
+- 模型白名单/映射区域显示“不会生效”的提示。
+
+### 场景2：编辑 OpenAI OAuth 账号开关可开可关
+1. 打开已有 OpenAI OAuth 账号编辑弹窗。
+2. 将“自动透传（仅替换认证）”从关切到开并保存。
+3. 再次进入编辑页，将开关从开切到关并保存。
+
+预期：
+- 开启后：`extra.openai_passthrough = true`。
+- 关闭后：`extra.openai_passthrough` 与 `extra.openai_oauth_passthrough` 均被清理。
+
+### 场景3：请求链路透传（含 User-Agent）
+1. 使用设置为“自动透传=开启”的 OpenAI 账号发起 `/v1/responses` 请求。
+2. 请求头设置 `User-Agent: codex_cli_rs/0.1.0`（或任意自定义 UA）。
+
+预期：
+- 上游收到与下游一致的 `User-Agent`。
+- 请求体保持原样透传，仅认证头被替换为目标账号令牌。
+
+### 场景4：Usage 页面原样显示 User-Agent
+1. 进入管理端用量表（Admin Usage）与用户侧用量页（User Usage）。
+2. 查找包含长 UA 的记录。
+
+预期：
+- 显示原始 UA 文本（不再映射为 VS Code/Cursor 等）。
+- 文本可换行完整展示，不被 `...` 截断。