feat: decouple billing correctness from usage log batching

backend/internal/service/dashboard_service_test.go

@@ -124,6 +124,10 @@ func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoStub) CleanupUsageLogs(ctx context.Context, cut
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoStub) CleanupUsageBillingDedup(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *dashboardAggregationRepoStub) EnsureUsageLogsPartitions(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) error {
 	return nil
 }

backend/internal/service/gateway_anthropic_apikey_passthrough_test.go

@@ -136,16 +136,18 @@ func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_ForwardStreamPreservesBodyAnd
 		},
 	}
 
-	svc := &GatewayService{
-		cfg: &config.Config{
-			Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
-				MaxLineSize: defaultMaxLineSize,
-			},
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
+			MaxLineSize: defaultMaxLineSize,
 		},
-		httpUpstream:        upstream,
-		rateLimitService:    &RateLimitService{},
-		deferredService:     &DeferredService{},
-		billingCacheService: nil,
+	}
+	svc := &GatewayService{
+		cfg:                  cfg,
+		responseHeaderFilter: compileResponseHeaderFilter(cfg),
+		httpUpstream:         upstream,
+		rateLimitService:     &RateLimitService{},
+		deferredService:      &DeferredService{},
+		billingCacheService:  nil,
 	}
 
 	account := &Account{
@@ -221,14 +223,16 @@ func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_ForwardCountTokensPreservesBo
 		},
 	}
 
-	svc := &GatewayService{
-		cfg: &config.Config{
-			Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
-				MaxLineSize: defaultMaxLineSize,
-			},
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
+			MaxLineSize: defaultMaxLineSize,
 		},
-		httpUpstream:     upstream,
-		rateLimitService: &RateLimitService{},
+	}
+	svc := &GatewayService{
+		cfg:                  cfg,
+		responseHeaderFilter: compileResponseHeaderFilter(cfg),
+		httpUpstream:         upstream,
+		rateLimitService:     &RateLimitService{},
 	}
 
 	account := &Account{
@@ -727,6 +731,39 @@ func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_StreamingStillCollectsUsageAf
 	require.Equal(t, 5, result.usage.OutputTokens)
 }
 
+func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_MissingTerminalEventReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/v1/messages", nil)
+
+	svc := &GatewayService{
+		cfg: &config.Config{
+			Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
+				MaxLineSize: defaultMaxLineSize,
+			},
+		},
+		rateLimitService: &RateLimitService{},
+	}
+
+	resp := &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"text/event-stream"}},
+		Body: io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(strings.Join([]string{
+			`data: {"type":"message_start","message":{"usage":{"input_tokens":11}}}`,
+			"",
+			`data: {"type":"message_delta","usage":{"output_tokens":5}}`,
+			"",
+		}, "\n"))),
+	}
+
+	result, err := svc.handleStreamingResponseAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(context.Background(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now(), "claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "missing terminal event")
+	require.NotNil(t, result)
+}
+
 func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_ForwardDirect_NonStreamingSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -1074,7 +1111,8 @@ func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_StreamingTimeoutAfterClientDi
 	_ = pr.Close()
 	<-done
 
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "stream usage incomplete after timeout")
 	require.NotNil(t, result)
 	require.True(t, result.clientDisconnect)
 	require.Equal(t, 9, result.usage.InputTokens)
@@ -1103,7 +1141,8 @@ func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_StreamingContextCanceled(t *t
 	}
 
 	result, err := svc.handleStreamingResponseAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(context.Background(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 3}, time.Now(), "claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "stream usage incomplete")
 	require.NotNil(t, result)
 	require.True(t, result.clientDisconnect)
 }
@@ -1133,7 +1172,8 @@ func TestGatewayService_AnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough_StreamingUpstreamReadErrorAft
 	}
 
 	result, err := svc.handleStreamingResponseAnthropicAPIKeyPassthrough(context.Background(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 4}, time.Now(), "claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "stream usage incomplete after disconnect")
 	require.NotNil(t, result)
 	require.True(t, result.clientDisconnect)
 	require.Equal(t, 8, result.usage.InputTokens)

backend/internal/service/gateway_record_usage_test.go

+//go:build unit
+
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/ctxkey"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func newGatewayRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo UsageLogRepository, userRepo UserRepository, subRepo UserSubscriptionRepository) *GatewayService {
+	cfg := &config.Config{}
+	cfg.Default.RateMultiplier = 1.1
+	return NewGatewayService(
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		usageRepo,
+		nil,
+		userRepo,
+		subRepo,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		cfg,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		NewBillingService(cfg, nil),
+		nil,
+		&BillingCacheService{},
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		&DeferredService{},
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+	)
+}
+
+func newGatewayRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo UsageLogRepository, billingRepo UsageBillingRepository, userRepo UserRepository, subRepo UserSubscriptionRepository) *GatewayService {
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo)
+	svc.usageBillingRepo = billingRepo
+	return svc
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingUsesDetachedContext(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false, err: context.DeadlineExceeded}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	quotaSvc := &openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub{}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo)
+
+	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(reqCtx, &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "gateway_detached_ctx",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:    501,
+			Quota: 100,
+		},
+		User:          &User{ID: 601},
+		Account:       &Account{ID: 701},
+		APIKeyService: quotaSvc,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.NoError(t, userRepo.lastCtxErr)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, quotaSvc.quotaCalls)
+	require.NoError(t, quotaSvc.lastQuotaCtxErr)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingFingerprintIncludesRequestPayloadHash(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}, &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{})
+
+	payloadHash := HashUsageRequestPayload([]byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hello"}]}`))
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "gateway_payload_hash",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:             &APIKey{ID: 501, Quota: 100},
+		User:               &User{ID: 601},
+		Account:            &Account{ID: 701},
+		RequestPayloadHash: payloadHash,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, billingRepo.lastCmd)
+	require.Equal(t, payloadHash, billingRepo.lastCmd.RequestPayloadHash)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingFingerprintFallsBackToContextRequestID(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}, &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{})
+
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), ctxkey.RequestID, "req-local-123")
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(ctx, &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "gateway_payload_fallback",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 501, Quota: 100},
+		User:    &User{ID: 601},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 701},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, billingRepo.lastCmd)
+	require.Equal(t, "local:req-local-123", billingRepo.lastCmd.RequestPayloadHash)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_UsageLogWriteErrorDoesNotSkipBilling(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false, err: MarkUsageLogCreateNotPersisted(context.Canceled)}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	quotaSvc := &openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub{}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo)
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "gateway_not_persisted",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:    503,
+			Quota: 100,
+		},
+		User:          &User{ID: 603},
+		Account:       &Account{ID: 703},
+		APIKeyService: quotaSvc,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, quotaSvc.quotaCalls)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsageWithLongContext_BillingUsesDetachedContext(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false, err: context.DeadlineExceeded}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	quotaSvc := &openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub{}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo)
+
+	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsageWithLongContext(reqCtx, &RecordUsageLongContextInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "gateway_long_context_detached_ctx",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  12,
+				OutputTokens: 8,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:    502,
+			Quota: 100,
+		},
+		User:                  &User{ID: 602},
+		Account:               &Account{ID: 702},
+		LongContextThreshold:  200000,
+		LongContextMultiplier: 2,
+		APIKeyService:         quotaSvc,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.NoError(t, userRepo.lastCtxErr)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, quotaSvc.quotaCalls)
+	require.NoError(t, quotaSvc.lastQuotaCtxErr)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_UsesFallbackRequestIDForUsageLog(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo)
+
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), ctxkey.RequestID, "gateway-local-fallback")
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(ctx, &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 504},
+		User:    &User{ID: 604},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 704},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog)
+	require.Equal(t, "local:gateway-local-fallback", usageRepo.lastLog.RequestID)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingErrorSkipsUsageLogWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{err: context.DeadlineExceeded}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newGatewayRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, userRepo, subRepo)
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &RecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &ForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "gateway_billing_fail",
+			Usage: ClaudeUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "claude-sonnet-4",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 505},
+		User:    &User{ID: 605},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 705},
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, billingRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, usageRepo.calls)
+}

backend/internal/service/gateway_streaming_test.go

@@ -181,7 +181,8 @@ func TestHandleStreamingResponse_EmptyStream(t *testing.T) {
 
 	result, err := svc.handleStreamingResponse(context.Background(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now(), "model", "model", false)
 	_ = pr.Close()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "missing terminal event")
 	require.NotNil(t, result)
 }
 

backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_record_usage_test.go

@@ -7,35 +7,63 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/ctxkey"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 type openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub struct {
 	UsageLogRepository
 
-	inserted bool
-	err      error
-	calls    int
-	lastLog  *UsageLog
+	inserted   bool
+	err        error
+	calls      int
+	lastLog    *UsageLog
+	lastCtxErr error
 }
 
 func (s *openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub) Create(ctx context.Context, log *UsageLog) (bool, error) {
 	s.calls++
 	s.lastLog = log
+	s.lastCtxErr = ctx.Err()
 	return s.inserted, s.err
 }
 
+type openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub struct {
+	UsageBillingRepository
+
+	result     *UsageBillingApplyResult
+	err        error
+	calls      int
+	lastCmd    *UsageBillingCommand
+	lastCtxErr error
+}
+
+func (s *openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub) Apply(ctx context.Context, cmd *UsageBillingCommand) (*UsageBillingApplyResult, error) {
+	s.calls++
+	s.lastCmd = cmd
+	s.lastCtxErr = ctx.Err()
+	if s.err != nil {
+		return nil, s.err
+	}
+	if s.result != nil {
+		return s.result, nil
+	}
+	return &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}, nil
+}
+
 type openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub struct {
 	UserRepository
 
 	deductCalls int
 	deductErr   error
 	lastAmount  float64
+	lastCtxErr  error
 }
 
 func (s *openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub) DeductBalance(ctx context.Context, id int64, amount float64) error {
 	s.deductCalls++
 	s.lastAmount = amount
+	s.lastCtxErr = ctx.Err()
 	return s.deductErr
 }
 
@@ -44,29 +72,35 @@ type openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub struct {
 
 	incrementCalls int
 	incrementErr   error
+	lastCtxErr     error
 }
 
 func (s *openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub) IncrementUsage(ctx context.Context, id int64, costUSD float64) error {
 	s.incrementCalls++
+	s.lastCtxErr = ctx.Err()
 	return s.incrementErr
 }
 
 type openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub struct {
-	quotaCalls     int
-	rateLimitCalls int
-	err            error
-	lastAmount     float64
+	quotaCalls          int
+	rateLimitCalls      int
+	err                 error
+	lastAmount          float64
+	lastQuotaCtxErr     error
+	lastRateLimitCtxErr error
 }
 
 func (s *openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub) UpdateQuotaUsed(ctx context.Context, apiKeyID int64, cost float64) error {
 	s.quotaCalls++
 	s.lastAmount = cost
+	s.lastQuotaCtxErr = ctx.Err()
 	return s.err
 }
 
 func (s *openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub) UpdateRateLimitUsage(ctx context.Context, apiKeyID int64, cost float64) error {
 	s.rateLimitCalls++
 	s.lastAmount = cost
+	s.lastRateLimitCtxErr = ctx.Err()
 	return s.err
 }
 
@@ -93,23 +127,38 @@ func i64p(v int64) *int64 {
 func newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo UsageLogRepository, userRepo UserRepository, subRepo UserSubscriptionRepository, rateRepo UserGroupRateRepository) *OpenAIGatewayService {
 	cfg := &config.Config{}
 	cfg.Default.RateMultiplier = 1.1
+	svc := NewOpenAIGatewayService(
+		nil,
+		usageRepo,
+		nil,
+		userRepo,
+		subRepo,
+		rateRepo,
+		nil,
+		cfg,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		NewBillingService(cfg, nil),
+		nil,
+		&BillingCacheService{},
+		nil,
+		&DeferredService{},
+		nil,
+	)
+	svc.userGroupRateResolver = newUserGroupRateResolver(
+		rateRepo,
+		nil,
+		resolveUserGroupRateCacheTTL(cfg),
+		nil,
+		"service.openai_gateway.test",
+	)
+	return svc
+}
 
-	return &OpenAIGatewayService{
-		usageLogRepo:        usageRepo,
-		userRepo:            userRepo,
-		userSubRepo:         subRepo,
-		cfg:                 cfg,
-		billingService:      NewBillingService(cfg, nil),
-		billingCacheService: &BillingCacheService{},
-		deferredService:     &DeferredService{},
-		userGroupRateResolver: newUserGroupRateResolver(
-			rateRepo,
-			nil,
-			resolveUserGroupRateCacheTTL(cfg),
-			nil,
-			"service.openai_gateway.test",
-		),
-	}
+func newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo UsageLogRepository, billingRepo UsageBillingRepository, userRepo UserRepository, subRepo UserSubscriptionRepository, rateRepo UserGroupRateRepository) *OpenAIGatewayService {
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, rateRepo)
+	svc.usageBillingRepo = billingRepo
+	return svc
 }
 
 func expectedOpenAICost(t *testing.T, svc *OpenAIGatewayService, model string, usage OpenAIUsage, multiplier float64) *CostBreakdown {
@@ -252,9 +301,10 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_FallsBackToGroupDefaultRateWhenResolver
 
 func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_DuplicateUsageLogSkipsBilling(t *testing.T) {
 	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: false}}
 	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
 	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
-	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
 
 	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
 		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
@@ -272,11 +322,254 @@ func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_DuplicateUsageLogSkipsBilling(t *testin
 	})
 
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, billingRepo.calls)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
 	require.Equal(t, 0, userRepo.deductCalls)
 	require.Equal(t, 0, subRepo.incrementCalls)
 }
 
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_DuplicateBillingKeySkipsBillingWithRepo(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: false}}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	quotaSvc := &openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_duplicate_billing_key",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  8,
+				OutputTokens: 4,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:    10045,
+			Quota: 100,
+		},
+		User:          &User{ID: 20045},
+		Account:       &Account{ID: 30045},
+		APIKeyService: quotaSvc,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, billingRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, subRepo.incrementCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, quotaSvc.quotaCalls)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillsWhenUsageLogCreateReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	usage := OpenAIUsage{InputTokens: 8, OutputTokens: 4}
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false, err: errors.New("usage log batch state uncertain")}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_usage_log_error",
+			Usage:     usage,
+			Model:     "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration:  time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 10041},
+		User:    &User{ID: 20041},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 30041},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, subRepo.incrementCalls)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_UsageLogWriteErrorDoesNotSkipBilling(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false, err: MarkUsageLogCreateNotPersisted(context.Canceled)}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	quotaSvc := &openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_not_persisted",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  8,
+				OutputTokens: 4,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:    10043,
+			Quota: 100,
+		},
+		User:          &User{ID: 20043},
+		Account:       &Account{ID: 30043},
+		APIKeyService: quotaSvc,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, subRepo.incrementCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, quotaSvc.quotaCalls)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingUsesDetachedContext(t *testing.T) {
+	usage := OpenAIUsage{InputTokens: 10, OutputTokens: 6, CacheReadInputTokens: 2}
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: false, err: context.DeadlineExceeded}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	quotaSvc := &openAIRecordUsageAPIKeyQuotaStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceForTest(usageRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(reqCtx, &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_detached_billing_ctx",
+			Usage:     usage,
+			Model:     "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration:  time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey: &APIKey{
+			ID:    10042,
+			Quota: 100,
+		},
+		User:          &User{ID: 20042},
+		Account:       &Account{ID: 30042},
+		APIKeyService: quotaSvc,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, userRepo.deductCalls)
+	require.NoError(t, userRepo.lastCtxErr)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, quotaSvc.quotaCalls)
+	require.NoError(t, quotaSvc.lastQuotaCtxErr)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingRepoUsesDetachedContext(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(reqCtx, &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_detached_billing_repo_ctx",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  8,
+				OutputTokens: 4,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 10046},
+		User:    &User{ID: 20046},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 30046},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, billingRepo.calls)
+	require.NoError(t, billingRepo.lastCtxErr)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, usageRepo.calls)
+	require.NoError(t, usageRepo.lastCtxErr)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingFingerprintIncludesRequestPayloadHash(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}, &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}, nil)
+
+	payloadHash := HashUsageRequestPayload([]byte(`{"model":"gpt-5","input":"hello"}`))
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "openai_payload_hash",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  10,
+				OutputTokens: 6,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:             &APIKey{ID: 501, Quota: 100},
+		User:               &User{ID: 601},
+		Account:            &Account{ID: 701},
+		RequestPayloadHash: payloadHash,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, billingRepo.lastCmd)
+	require.Equal(t, payloadHash, billingRepo.lastCmd.RequestPayloadHash)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_UsesFallbackRequestIDForBillingAndUsageLog(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{result: &UsageBillingApplyResult{Applied: true}}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), ctxkey.RequestID, "req-local-fallback")
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(ctx, &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  8,
+				OutputTokens: 4,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 10047},
+		User:    &User{ID: 20047},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 30047},
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, billingRepo.lastCmd)
+	require.Equal(t, "local:req-local-fallback", billingRepo.lastCmd.RequestID)
+	require.NotNil(t, usageRepo.lastLog)
+	require.Equal(t, "local:req-local-fallback", usageRepo.lastLog.RequestID)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_BillingErrorSkipsUsageLogWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{}
+	billingRepo := &openAIRecordUsageBillingRepoStub{err: errors.New("billing tx failed")}
+	userRepo := &openAIRecordUsageUserRepoStub{}
+	subRepo := &openAIRecordUsageSubRepoStub{}
+	svc := newOpenAIRecordUsageServiceWithBillingRepoForTest(usageRepo, billingRepo, userRepo, subRepo, nil)
+
+	err := svc.RecordUsage(context.Background(), &OpenAIRecordUsageInput{
+		Result: &OpenAIForwardResult{
+			RequestID: "resp_billing_fail",
+			Usage: OpenAIUsage{
+				InputTokens:  8,
+				OutputTokens: 4,
+			},
+			Model:    "gpt-5.1",
+			Duration: time.Second,
+		},
+		APIKey:  &APIKey{ID: 10048},
+		User:    &User{ID: 20048},
+		Account: &Account{ID: 30048},
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, billingRepo.calls)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, usageRepo.calls)
+}
+
 func TestOpenAIGatewayServiceRecordUsage_UpdatesAPIKeyQuotaWhenConfigured(t *testing.T) {
 	usage := OpenAIUsage{InputTokens: 10, OutputTokens: 6, CacheReadInputTokens: 2}
 	usageRepo := &openAIRecordUsageLogRepoStub{inserted: true}

backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service.go

@@ -259,6 +259,7 @@ type openAIWSRetryMetrics struct {
 type OpenAIGatewayService struct {
 	accountRepo           AccountRepository
 	usageLogRepo          UsageLogRepository
+	usageBillingRepo      UsageBillingRepository
 	userRepo              UserRepository
 	userSubRepo           UserSubscriptionRepository
 	cache                 GatewayCache
@@ -295,6 +296,7 @@ type OpenAIGatewayService struct {
 func NewOpenAIGatewayService(
 	accountRepo AccountRepository,
 	usageLogRepo UsageLogRepository,
+	usageBillingRepo UsageBillingRepository,
 	userRepo UserRepository,
 	userSubRepo UserSubscriptionRepository,
 	userGroupRateRepo UserGroupRateRepository,
@@ -312,6 +314,7 @@ func NewOpenAIGatewayService(
 	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{
 		accountRepo:         accountRepo,
 		usageLogRepo:        usageLogRepo,
+		usageBillingRepo:    usageBillingRepo,
 		userRepo:            userRepo,
 		userSubRepo:         userSubRepo,
 		cache:               cache,
@@ -2014,7 +2017,9 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, acco
 	}
 
 	// Build upstream request
-	upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequest(ctx, c, account, body, token, reqStream, promptCacheKey, isCodexCLI)
+	upstreamCtx, releaseUpstreamCtx := detachStreamUpstreamContext(ctx, reqStream)
+	upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequest(upstreamCtx, c, account, body, token, reqStream, promptCacheKey, isCodexCLI)
+	releaseUpstreamCtx()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -2206,7 +2211,9 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) forwardOpenAIPassthrough(
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequestOpenAIPassthrough(ctx, c, account, body, token)
+	upstreamCtx, releaseUpstreamCtx := detachStreamUpstreamContext(ctx, reqStream)
+	upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequestOpenAIPassthrough(upstreamCtx, c, account, body, token)
+	releaseUpstreamCtx()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -2543,6 +2550,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponsePassthrough(
 	var firstTokenMs *int
 	clientDisconnected := false
 	sawDone := false
+	sawTerminalEvent := false
 	upstreamRequestID := strings.TrimSpace(resp.Header.Get("x-request-id"))
 
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(resp.Body)
@@ -2562,6 +2570,9 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponsePassthrough(
 			if trimmedData == "[DONE]" {
 				sawDone = true
 			}
+			if openAIStreamEventIsTerminal(trimmedData) {
+				sawTerminalEvent = true
+			}
 			if firstTokenMs == nil && trimmedData != "" && trimmedData != "[DONE]" {
 				ms := int(time.Since(startTime).Milliseconds())
 				firstTokenMs = &ms
@@ -2579,19 +2590,14 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponsePassthrough(
 		}
 	}
 	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-		if clientDisconnected {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "[OpenAI passthrough] Upstream read error after client disconnect: account=%d err=%v", account.ID, err)
+		if sawTerminalEvent {
 			return &openaiStreamingResultPassthrough{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, nil
 		}
+		if clientDisconnected {
+			return &openaiStreamingResultPassthrough{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete after disconnect: %w", err)
+		}
 		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway",
-				"[OpenAI passthrough] 流读取被取消，可能发生断流: account=%d request_id=%s err=%v ctx_err=%v",
-				account.ID,
-				upstreamRequestID,
-				err,
-				ctx.Err(),
-			)
-			return &openaiStreamingResultPassthrough{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, nil
+			return &openaiStreamingResultPassthrough{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete: %w", err)
 		}
 		if errors.Is(err, bufio.ErrTooLong) {
 			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "[OpenAI passthrough] SSE line too long: account=%d max_size=%d error=%v", account.ID, maxLineSize, err)
@@ -2605,12 +2611,13 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponsePassthrough(
 		)
 		return &openaiStreamingResultPassthrough{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, fmt.Errorf("stream read error: %w", err)
 	}
-	if !clientDisconnected && !sawDone && ctx.Err() == nil {
+	if !clientDisconnected && !sawDone && !sawTerminalEvent && ctx.Err() == nil {
 		logger.FromContext(ctx).With(
 			zap.String("component", "service.openai_gateway"),
 			zap.Int64("account_id", account.ID),
 			zap.String("upstream_request_id", upstreamRequestID),
 		).Info("OpenAI passthrough 上游流在未收到 [DONE] 时结束，疑似断流")
+		return &openaiStreamingResultPassthrough{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, errors.New("stream usage incomplete: missing terminal event")
 	}
 
 	return &openaiStreamingResultPassthrough{usage: usage, firstTokenMs: firstTokenMs}, nil
@@ -3030,6 +3037,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp
 	// 否则下游 SDK（例如 OpenCode）会因为类型校验失败而报错。
 	errorEventSent := false
 	clientDisconnected := false // 客户端断开后继续 drain 上游以收集 usage
+	sawTerminalEvent := false
 	sendErrorEvent := func(reason string) {
 		if errorEventSent || clientDisconnected {
 			return
@@ -3060,22 +3068,27 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp
 				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Client disconnected during final flush, returning collected usage")
 			}
 		}
+		if !sawTerminalEvent {
+			return resultWithUsage(), fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete: missing terminal event")
+		}
 		return resultWithUsage(), nil
 	}
 	handleScanErr := func(scanErr error) (*openaiStreamingResult, error, bool) {
 		if scanErr == nil {
 			return nil, nil, false
 		}
+		if sawTerminalEvent {
+			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Upstream scan ended after terminal event: %v", scanErr)
+			return resultWithUsage(), nil, true
+		}
 		// 客户端断开/取消请求时，上游读取往往会返回 context canceled。
 		// /v1/responses 的 SSE 事件必须符合 OpenAI 协议；这里不注入自定义 error event，避免下游 SDK 解析失败。
 		if errors.Is(scanErr, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(scanErr, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Context canceled during streaming, returning collected usage")
-			return resultWithUsage(), nil, true
+			return resultWithUsage(), fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete: %w", scanErr), true
 		}
 		// 客户端已断开时，上游出错仅影响体验，不影响计费；返回已收集 usage
 		if clientDisconnected {
-			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Upstream read error after client disconnect: %v, returning collected usage", scanErr)
-			return resultWithUsage(), nil, true
+			return resultWithUsage(), fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete after disconnect: %w", scanErr), true
 		}
 		if errors.Is(scanErr, bufio.ErrTooLong) {
 			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "SSE line too long: account=%d max_size=%d error=%v", account.ID, maxLineSize, scanErr)
@@ -3098,6 +3111,9 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp
 			}
 
 			dataBytes := []byte(data)
+			if openAIStreamEventIsTerminal(data) {
+				sawTerminalEvent = true
+			}
 
 			// Correct Codex tool calls if needed (apply_patch -> edit, etc.)
 			if correctedData, corrected := s.toolCorrector.CorrectToolCallsInSSEBytes(dataBytes); corrected {
@@ -3214,8 +3230,7 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) handleStreamingResponse(ctx context.Context, resp
 				continue
 			}
 			if clientDisconnected {
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Upstream timeout after client disconnect, returning collected usage")
-				return resultWithUsage(), nil
+				return resultWithUsage(), fmt.Errorf("stream usage incomplete after timeout")
 			}
 			logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "Stream data interval timeout: account=%d model=%s interval=%s", account.ID, originalModel, streamInterval)
 			// 处理流超时，可能标记账户为临时不可调度或错误状态
@@ -3313,11 +3328,12 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) parseSSEUsageBytes(data []byte, usage *OpenAIUsag
 	if usage == nil || len(data) == 0 || bytes.Equal(data, []byte("[DONE]")) {
 		return
 	}
-	// 选择性解析：仅在数据中包含 completed 事件标识时才进入字段提取。
-	if len(data) < 80 || !bytes.Contains(data, []byte(`"response.completed"`)) {
+	// 选择性解析：仅在数据中包含终止事件标识时才进入字段提取。
+	if len(data) < 72 {
 		return
 	}
-	if gjson.GetBytes(data, "type").String() != "response.completed" {
+	eventType := gjson.GetBytes(data, "type").String()
+	if eventType != "response.completed" && eventType != "response.done" {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -3670,14 +3686,15 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) replaceModelInResponseBody(body []byte, fromModel
 
 // OpenAIRecordUsageInput input for recording usage
 type OpenAIRecordUsageInput struct {
-	Result        *OpenAIForwardResult
-	APIKey        *APIKey
-	User          *User
-	Account       *Account
-	Subscription  *UserSubscription
-	UserAgent     string // 请求的 User-Agent
-	IPAddress     string // 请求的客户端 IP 地址
-	APIKeyService APIKeyQuotaUpdater
+	Result             *OpenAIForwardResult
+	APIKey             *APIKey
+	User               *User
+	Account            *Account
+	Subscription       *UserSubscription
+	UserAgent          string // 请求的 User-Agent
+	IPAddress          string // 请求的客户端 IP 地址
+	RequestPayloadHash string
+	APIKeyService      APIKeyQuotaUpdater
 }
 
 // RecordUsage records usage and deducts balance
@@ -3743,11 +3760,12 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *OpenAIRec
 	// Create usage log
 	durationMs := int(result.Duration.Milliseconds())
 	accountRateMultiplier := account.BillingRateMultiplier()
+	requestID := resolveUsageBillingRequestID(ctx, result.RequestID)
 	usageLog := &UsageLog{
 		UserID:                user.ID,
 		APIKeyID:              apiKey.ID,
 		AccountID:             account.ID,
-		RequestID:             result.RequestID,
+		RequestID:             requestID,
 		Model:                 billingModel,
 		ServiceTier:           result.ServiceTier,
 		ReasoningEffort:       result.ReasoningEffort,
@@ -3788,29 +3806,32 @@ func (s *OpenAIGatewayService) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, input *OpenAIRec
 		usageLog.SubscriptionID = &subscription.ID
 	}
 
-	inserted, err := s.usageLogRepo.Create(ctx, usageLog)
 	if s.cfg != nil && s.cfg.RunMode == config.RunModeSimple {
+		writeUsageLogBestEffort(ctx, s.usageLogRepo, usageLog, "service.openai_gateway")
 		logger.LegacyPrintf("service.openai_gateway", "[SIMPLE MODE] Usage recorded (not billed): user=%d, tokens=%d", usageLog.UserID, usageLog.TotalTokens())
 		s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	shouldBill := inserted || err != nil
-
-	if shouldBill {
-		postUsageBilling(ctx, &postUsageBillingParams{
+	billingErr := func() error {
+		_, err := applyUsageBilling(ctx, requestID, usageLog, &postUsageBillingParams{
 			Cost:                  cost,
 			User:                  user,
 			APIKey:                apiKey,
 			Account:               account,
 			Subscription:          subscription,
+			RequestPayloadHash:    resolveUsageBillingPayloadFingerprint(ctx, input.RequestPayloadHash),
 			IsSubscriptionBill:    isSubscriptionBilling,
 			AccountRateMultiplier: accountRateMultiplier,
 			APIKeyService:         input.APIKeyService,
-		}, s.billingDeps())
-	} else {
-		s.deferredService.ScheduleLastUsedUpdate(account.ID)
+		}, s.billingDeps(), s.usageBillingRepo)
+		return err
+	}()
+
+	if billingErr != nil {
+		return billingErr
 	}
+	writeUsageLogBestEffort(ctx, s.usageLogRepo, usageLog, "service.openai_gateway")
 
 	return nil
 }

backend/internal/service/openai_gateway_service_test.go

@@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ func TestOpenAIStreamingTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestOpenAIStreamingContextCanceledDoesNotInjectErrorEvent(t *testing.T) {
+func TestOpenAIStreamingContextCanceledReturnsIncompleteErrorWithoutInjectingErrorEvent(t *testing.T) {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	cfg := &config.Config{
 		Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
@@ -940,8 +940,8 @@ func TestOpenAIStreamingContextCanceledDoesNotInjectErrorEvent(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	_, err := svc.handleStreamingResponse(c.Request.Context(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now(), "model", "model")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected nil error, got %v", err)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "stream usage incomplete") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected incomplete stream error, got %v", err)
 	}
 	if strings.Contains(rec.Body.String(), "event: error") || strings.Contains(rec.Body.String(), "stream_read_error") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected no injected SSE error event, got %q", rec.Body.String())
@@ -993,6 +993,107 @@ func TestOpenAIStreamingClientDisconnectDrainsUpstreamUsage(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestOpenAIStreamingMissingTerminalEventReturnsIncompleteError(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
+			StreamDataIntervalTimeout: 0,
+			StreamKeepaliveInterval:   0,
+			MaxLineSize:               defaultMaxLineSize,
+		},
+	}
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{cfg: cfg}
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
+
+	pr, pw := io.Pipe()
+	resp := &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Body:       pr,
+		Header:     http.Header{},
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		defer func() { _ = pw.Close() }()
+		_, _ = pw.Write([]byte("data: {\"type\":\"response.in_progress\",\"response\":{}}\n\n"))
+	}()
+
+	_, err := svc.handleStreamingResponse(c.Request.Context(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now(), "model", "model")
+	_ = pr.Close()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "missing terminal event") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected missing terminal event error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIStreamingPassthroughMissingTerminalEventReturnsIncompleteError(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
+			MaxLineSize: defaultMaxLineSize,
+		},
+	}
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{cfg: cfg}
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
+
+	pr, pw := io.Pipe()
+	resp := &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Body:       pr,
+		Header:     http.Header{},
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		defer func() { _ = pw.Close() }()
+		_, _ = pw.Write([]byte("data: {\"type\":\"response.in_progress\",\"response\":{}}\n\n"))
+	}()
+
+	_, err := svc.handleStreamingResponsePassthrough(c.Request.Context(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now())
+	_ = pr.Close()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "missing terminal event") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected missing terminal event error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIStreamingPassthroughResponseDoneWithoutDoneMarkerStillSucceeds(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Gateway: config.GatewayConfig{
+			MaxLineSize: defaultMaxLineSize,
+		},
+	}
+	svc := &OpenAIGatewayService{cfg: cfg}
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(rec)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
+
+	pr, pw := io.Pipe()
+	resp := &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Body:       pr,
+		Header:     http.Header{},
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		defer func() { _ = pw.Close() }()
+		_, _ = pw.Write([]byte("data: {\"type\":\"response.done\",\"response\":{\"usage\":{\"input_tokens\":2,\"output_tokens\":3,\"input_tokens_details\":{\"cached_tokens\":1}}}}\n\n"))
+	}()
+
+	result, err := svc.handleStreamingResponsePassthrough(c.Request.Context(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now())
+	_ = pr.Close()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, result)
+	require.NotNil(t, result.usage)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, result.usage.InputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 3, result.usage.OutputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, result.usage.CacheReadInputTokens)
+}
+
 func TestOpenAIStreamingTooLong(t *testing.T) {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	cfg := &config.Config{
@@ -1124,7 +1225,7 @@ func TestOpenAIStreamingHeadersOverride(t *testing.T) {
 
 	go func() {
 		defer func() { _ = pw.Close() }()
-		_, _ = pw.Write([]byte("data: {}\n\n"))
+		_, _ = pw.Write([]byte("data: {\"type\":\"response.completed\",\"response\":{}}\n\n"))
 	}()
 
 	_, err := svc.handleStreamingResponse(c.Request.Context(), resp, c, &Account{ID: 1}, time.Now(), "model", "model")
@@ -1674,6 +1775,12 @@ func TestParseSSEUsage_SelectiveParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, 3, usage.InputTokens)
 	require.Equal(t, 5, usage.OutputTokens)
 	require.Equal(t, 2, usage.CacheReadInputTokens)
+
+	// done 事件同样可能携带最终 usage
+	svc.parseSSEUsage(`{"type":"response.done","response":{"usage":{"input_tokens":13,"output_tokens":15,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":4}}}}`, usage)
+	require.Equal(t, 13, usage.InputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 15, usage.OutputTokens)
+	require.Equal(t, 4, usage.CacheReadInputTokens)
 }
 
 func TestExtractCodexFinalResponse_SampleReplay(t *testing.T) {

backend/internal/service/openai_ws_protocol_forward_test.go

@@ -392,6 +392,7 @@ func TestNewOpenAIGatewayService_InitializesOpenAIWSResolver(t *testing.T) {
 		nil,
 		nil,
 		nil,
+		nil,
 		cfg,
 		nil,
 		nil,

backend/internal/service/usage_billing.go

+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+var ErrUsageBillingRequestIDRequired = errors.New("usage billing request_id is required")
+var ErrUsageBillingRequestConflict = errors.New("usage billing request fingerprint conflict")
+
+// UsageBillingCommand describes one billable request that must be applied at most once.
+type UsageBillingCommand struct {
+	RequestID          string
+	APIKeyID           int64
+	RequestFingerprint string
+	RequestPayloadHash string
+
+	UserID              int64
+	AccountID           int64
+	SubscriptionID      *int64
+	AccountType         string
+	Model               string
+	ServiceTier         string
+	ReasoningEffort     string
+	BillingType         int8
+	InputTokens         int
+	OutputTokens        int
+	CacheCreationTokens int
+	CacheReadTokens     int
+	ImageCount          int
+	MediaType           string
+
+	BalanceCost         float64
+	SubscriptionCost    float64
+	APIKeyQuotaCost     float64
+	APIKeyRateLimitCost float64
+	AccountQuotaCost    float64
+}
+
+func (c *UsageBillingCommand) Normalize() {
+	if c == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	c.RequestID = strings.TrimSpace(c.RequestID)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(c.RequestFingerprint) == "" {
+		c.RequestFingerprint = buildUsageBillingFingerprint(c)
+	}
+}
+
+func buildUsageBillingFingerprint(c *UsageBillingCommand) string {
+	if c == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	raw := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"%d|%d|%d|%s|%s|%s|%s|%d|%d|%d|%d|%d|%d|%s|%d|%0.10f|%0.10f|%0.10f|%0.10f|%0.10f",
+		c.UserID,
+		c.AccountID,
+		c.APIKeyID,
+		strings.TrimSpace(c.AccountType),
+		strings.TrimSpace(c.Model),
+		strings.TrimSpace(c.ServiceTier),
+		strings.TrimSpace(c.ReasoningEffort),
+		c.BillingType,
+		c.InputTokens,
+		c.OutputTokens,
+		c.CacheCreationTokens,
+		c.CacheReadTokens,
+		c.ImageCount,
+		strings.TrimSpace(c.MediaType),
+		valueOrZero(c.SubscriptionID),
+		c.BalanceCost,
+		c.SubscriptionCost,
+		c.APIKeyQuotaCost,
+		c.APIKeyRateLimitCost,
+		c.AccountQuotaCost,
+	)
+	if payloadHash := strings.TrimSpace(c.RequestPayloadHash); payloadHash != "" {
+		raw += "|" + payloadHash
+	}
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(raw))
+	return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+}
+
+func HashUsageRequestPayload(payload []byte) string {
+	if len(payload) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	sum := sha256.Sum256(payload)
+	return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+}
+
+func valueOrZero(v *int64) int64 {
+	if v == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return *v
+}
+
+type UsageBillingApplyResult struct {
+	Applied              bool
+	APIKeyQuotaExhausted bool
+}
+
+type UsageBillingRepository interface {
+	Apply(ctx context.Context, cmd *UsageBillingCommand) (*UsageBillingApplyResult, error)
+}

backend/internal/service/usage_cleanup_service_test.go

@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ type cleanupRepoStub struct {
 }
 
 type dashboardRepoStub struct {
-	recomputeErr error
+	recomputeErr   error
+	recomputeCalls int
 }
 
 func (s *dashboardRepoStub) AggregateRange(ctx context.Context, start, end time.Time) error {
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ func (s *dashboardRepoStub) AggregateRange(ctx context.Context, start, end time.
 }
 
 func (s *dashboardRepoStub) RecomputeRange(ctx context.Context, start, end time.Time) error {
+	s.recomputeCalls++
 	return s.recomputeErr
 }
 
@@ -83,6 +85,10 @@ func (s *dashboardRepoStub) CleanupUsageLogs(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Ti
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *dashboardRepoStub) CleanupUsageBillingDedup(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *dashboardRepoStub) EnsureUsageLogsPartitions(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) error {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -550,13 +556,14 @@ func TestUsageCleanupServiceExecuteTaskMarkFailedUpdateError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUsageCleanupServiceExecuteTaskDashboardRecomputeError(t *testing.T) {
+	dashboardRepo := &dashboardRepoStub{recomputeErr: errors.New("recompute failed")}
 	repo := &cleanupRepoStub{
 		deleteQueue: []cleanupDeleteResponse{
 			{deleted: 0},
 		},
 	}
-	dashboard := NewDashboardAggregationService(&dashboardRepoStub{}, nil, &config.Config{
-		DashboardAgg: config.DashboardAggregationConfig{Enabled: false},
+	dashboard := NewDashboardAggregationService(dashboardRepo, nil, &config.Config{
+		DashboardAgg: config.DashboardAggregationConfig{Enabled: true},
 	})
 	cfg := &config.Config{UsageCleanup: config.UsageCleanupConfig{Enabled: true, BatchSize: 2}}
 	svc := NewUsageCleanupService(repo, nil, dashboard, cfg)
@@ -573,15 +580,17 @@ func TestUsageCleanupServiceExecuteTaskDashboardRecomputeError(t *testing.T) {
 	repo.mu.Lock()
 	defer repo.mu.Unlock()
 	require.Len(t, repo.markSucceeded, 1)
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool { return dashboardRepo.recomputeCalls == 1 }, time.Second, 10*time.Millisecond)
 }
 
 func TestUsageCleanupServiceExecuteTaskDashboardRecomputeSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	dashboardRepo := &dashboardRepoStub{}
 	repo := &cleanupRepoStub{
 		deleteQueue: []cleanupDeleteResponse{
 			{deleted: 0},
 		},
 	}
-	dashboard := NewDashboardAggregationService(&dashboardRepoStub{}, nil, &config.Config{
+	dashboard := NewDashboardAggregationService(dashboardRepo, nil, &config.Config{
 		DashboardAgg: config.DashboardAggregationConfig{Enabled: true},
 	})
 	cfg := &config.Config{UsageCleanup: config.UsageCleanupConfig{Enabled: true, BatchSize: 2}}
@@ -599,6 +608,7 @@ func TestUsageCleanupServiceExecuteTaskDashboardRecomputeSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	repo.mu.Lock()
 	defer repo.mu.Unlock()
 	require.Len(t, repo.markSucceeded, 1)
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool { return dashboardRepo.recomputeCalls == 1 }, time.Second, 10*time.Millisecond)
 }
 
 func TestUsageCleanupServiceExecuteTaskCanceled(t *testing.T) {

backend/internal/service/usage_log_create_result.go

+package service
+
+import "errors"
+
+type usageLogCreateDisposition int
+
+const (
+	usageLogCreateDispositionUnknown usageLogCreateDisposition = iota
+	usageLogCreateDispositionNotPersisted
+)
+
+type UsageLogCreateError struct {
+	err         error
+	disposition usageLogCreateDisposition
+}
+
+func (e *UsageLogCreateError) Error() string {
+	if e == nil || e.err == nil {
+		return "usage log create error"
+	}
+	return e.err.Error()
+}
+
+func (e *UsageLogCreateError) Unwrap() error {
+	if e == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return e.err
+}
+
+func MarkUsageLogCreateNotPersisted(err error) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &UsageLogCreateError{
+		err:         err,
+		disposition: usageLogCreateDispositionNotPersisted,
+	}
+}
+
+func IsUsageLogCreateNotPersisted(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	var target *UsageLogCreateError
+	if !errors.As(err, &target) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return target.disposition == usageLogCreateDispositionNotPersisted
+}
+
+func ShouldBillAfterUsageLogCreate(inserted bool, err error) bool {
+	if inserted {
+		return true
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return !IsUsageLogCreateNotPersisted(err)
+}

backend/migrations/071_add_usage_billing_dedup.sql

+-- 窄表账务幂等键：将“是否已扣费”从 usage_logs 解耦出来
+-- 幂等执行：可重复运行
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS usage_billing_dedup (
+    id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    request_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+    api_key_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    request_fingerprint VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_usage_billing_dedup_request_api_key
+    ON usage_billing_dedup (request_id, api_key_id);

backend/migrations/072_add_usage_billing_dedup_created_at_brin_notx.sql

+-- usage_billing_dedup 是按时间追加写入的幂等窄表。
+-- 使用 BRIN 支撑按 created_at 的批量保留期清理，尽量降低写放大。
+-- 使用 CONCURRENTLY 避免在热表上长时间阻塞写入。
+
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS idx_usage_billing_dedup_created_at_brin
+    ON usage_billing_dedup
+    USING BRIN (created_at);

backend/migrations/073_add_usage_billing_dedup_archive.sql

+-- 冷归档旧账务幂等键，缩小热表索引与清理范围，同时不丢失长期去重能力。
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS usage_billing_dedup_archive (
+    request_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+    api_key_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    request_fingerprint VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
+    archived_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    PRIMARY KEY (request_id, api_key_id)
+);