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Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 56b4b776c84f364384971c4cdfd66b4a2f0696d4)

Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

It is ok that the branch is loopback-mounted.
But it had a problem if the backend fs-image is placed on another
branch, and aufs had prohibited such nested branch for a long time due
to the recursive lookup by 'loopN' daemon.
I don't remember when it was, but the daemon stopped such recursive
behaviour, but aufs is still prohibitting the nested branch via
loopback-mount.
Upon the request from users, aufs will allow the loopback-mounted branch
on another branch by another patch (aufs4-loopback.patch in
aufs4-standalone.git).
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Aufs provides some info via debugfs such as
- the branch path
- the current number of pseudo-links
- the size and the number of consumed blocks by XINO, XIB and XIGEN.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

This commits brings a list of the inode numbers which indicates the
logically renamed dir into a branch. The list will be referred in
lookup, and its lifetime is equivalent to the branch's, ie. the list is
loaded/created in adding a branch, and stored/deleted in deleting a
branch. The simple storing happens in remounting and unmounting aufs
too.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

As a result of branch management, the virtual inode may point a
different real inode from it used to. And aufs has to maintain its
address_space_operations, since its definition may affect the
behaviour.
I know some people (including grsec-patch) doesn't like a non-const
address_space_operations, but in order to keep the consistency of the
behaviour, the correct address_space_operations is important.

See also the document in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The internal file read/write for copy-up in kernelspace.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Copy the inode attributes between branches.
See also the document in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The whiteout represents a logical deletion.
Although the document in this commit mentioned about rmdir(2) and
rename(2) for dir, this commit doesn't contain such functions. They will
be added in later commits.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The branch path can be much longer and it is not suitable to print via
/proc/mounts as a part of mount options. Aufs can show it either
separately via sysfs or /proc/mounts (as a part of mount options).
This approach affects the lifetime of aufs objects and sbinfo contains
kobject (in another commit). Theoretically user can disable
CONFIG_SYSFS, but the lifetime management is always necessary. So
supporting sysfs is split into two files, sysaufs.c and sysfs.c.
sysaufs.c is always compiled, but sysfs.c is compiled only when
CONFIG_SYSFS is enabled.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

XINO and XIB files are to maintain the inode numbers in aufs
(cf. struct.txt and aufs manual in aufs-util.git).

XINO file contains just a sequence of the inode numbers, and their
offset in the file is real_inum x sizeof(inum).  So the size is limited
by s_maxbytes of the filesystem where XINO file is located.  In order to
support the larger inum, aufs stores XINO files as an internal array.

Sometimes the size of XINO file can be a problem, ie. too big,
particularly when XINO files are located on tmpfs. In this case, another
separate patch tmpfs-ino.patch in aufs4-standalone.git is recommended
(as well as vfs-ino.patch). The patch makes tmpfs to maintain inode
number within itself and suppress its discontiguous distribution.

See also the document in next commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Aufs uses the workqueue both synchronously and asynchronously.
For sync-use-case, aufs uses its own specific wkq since doesn't want to
be disturbed by other tasks on the system. For async-use-case, aufs uses
the system global workqueue.
Aufs has to prevent itself to being unmounted during the async-task is
queued.

See also the document in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The branch object is managed by the sbinfo object as an element of its
internal array. The iinfo and dinfo objects contain the branch id, and
it will be used to implement the correct order in branch management
(add/del).

See also the documents in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The generation of iinfo and dinfo inherit sbinfo's.
Also iinfo generation tracks the branch inode's generation to test the
matching after the branch management.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The structure is very similar to aufs inode info (in previous commit).
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Print various info about aufs inode. This feature is enabled when
CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG and the module parameter 'debug' are set.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

This parameter is available only when CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG is enabled, and
its default value is 0. Setting 1 will enable the various verifications
and debug outputs.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

This is a very old debugging routine for rw_semaphore I was using
privately and less meaningful to other people. It was (probably) before
LOCKDEP feature was introduced, but now it is based upon LOCKDEP. This
is compiled when CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG is enabled.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

See the documents in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Very basic, simple and stupid wrappers for kmalloc family.
It tries kfree_ruc() as possible, with hoping a better performance.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>