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When aufs meets a new dir inode on a branch in lookup, it tests whether
the inode is in the list which the branch has. If the inode is found, it
means the dir has ever been logically renamed and there is some info
about the name under that dir. Then aufs tries loading the info, and
continues looking up using the before-renamed name on the lower
branches.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Implement i_op->link().
As aufs supports 'pseudo-link', aufs_link() can make it without
copying-up. In the case of aufs_link() has to copy-up, the name of the
target file is used as-is, and it is pseudo-linked. In other words,
calling link(2) after the copy-up is unnecessary.

See also struct.txt in previous commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Implement i_op->rename().
This is a big monster and I don't like it.

In order to call d_move() in aufs lock section, FS_RENAME_DOES_D_MOVE is
set to fstype.f_flags.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Here are entry adding inode operations, i_op->create(), symlink(),
mkdir(), mknod(), and tmpfile().
Obviously they return EOPNOTSUPP when the target branch fs doesn't
support the operation.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Optimize out ->d_revalidate() if possible.
If the refreshing failed, then ->d_revalidate() remains. In this case,
aufs has two types of dentries. One has ->d_revalidate, the other
doesn't. I am afraid it will confuse me someday.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Implement d_op->d_revalidate().
This is another core part of UDBA (cf. lookup.txt in another commit).
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

As a part of branch-management, aufs maintains all cached inodes,
dentries, and opened files in remounting.
This commits handles the cached dentries by calling the VFS internal
function d_walk().
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Now aufs becomes mountable with very few features.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

This is the hardest test to support UDBA (users' direct branch access).
It uses 'fsnotify' internally.  Detecting UDBA, decrements the
generation of the cached aufs objects.  In the next access to the file,
aufs detects the generation is obsoleted and tries refreshing it.
Eventually aufs cache will be updated to latest status.

The fsnotify is set on the cached dirs on the non-RR branches.
The RR (real readonly) branches will never be modified and it is
unnecessary to set fsnotify for them.

This commit is for the declarations mainly, and the body parts will be
in succeeding commits.

This feature is compiled only when CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY is enabled.
See also the document in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Aufs allows users' direct branch access (UDBA), ie. by-passing aufs.
Of course it will make aufs inode/dentry-caches obsolete. In order to
detect such change by the several tests, "udba=" option is introduced.

For details, see lookup.txt in later commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Basically copy-up is done by these steps using au_pin (in another
commit).
- lock the target parent mutex
- lookup a negative dentry with a whiteout-ed temporary unique name
- create it
- unlock the target parent mutex
- copy filedata
- copy metadata (inode attributes)
- lock the target parent mutex
- rename the temporary name to the target name
- unlock the target parent mutex

This commit contains step2 mainly.
I hope someday aufs uses O_TMPFILE for this.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

To create/delete/rename files including copy-up, aufs acquires several
locks on the branch fs internally. These lock/unlock operations are
consolidated into struct au_pin in this commit.
au_pin handles
- LOCKDEP class
- re-validate/verify
- suspend/resume HNOTIFY

See also lookup.txt in later commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The marker to represent that the directory is opaque (stop digging
down the branch stack) is implemented as a special whiteout.

See also the document in previous commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The whiteout represents a logical deletion.
Although the document in this commit mentioned about rmdir(2) and
rename(2) for dir, this commit doesn't contain such functions. They will
be added in later commits.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

For details, see previous commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The generation of iinfo and dinfo inherit sbinfo's.
Also iinfo generation tracks the branch inode's generation to test the
matching after the branch management.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The structure is very similar to aufs inode info (in previous commit).
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>