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Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 56b4b776c84f364384971c4cdfd66b4a2f0696d4)

Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Special support for filesystems which acquires an inode mutex at final
closing a file, eg, hfsplus.
This trick is very simple and stupid, just to open the file before really
necessary open to tell hfsplus that this is not the final closing.
The caller should call au_h_open_pre() after acquiring the inode mutex,
and au_h_open_post() after releasing it.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Another ioctl feature, move-down.
The behaviour is, as you can guess, the opposite of copy-up.
The feature called FHSM (file-based hierarchical storage management, in
later commit) uses this ioctl aggressively.

See also the document in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Imagine a sequence such like this.
- user opens a file which exists on the lower readonly branch.
- user unlinks the file (still opened). its parent dir may be removed
  too.
- user writes something to the file.

Then aufs has to copy-up the unlinked file.
Note that the copy-up in aufs is not done in open(2) by default.
This commit handles this case by copy-up the file in write(2).
The target directory is the one which aufs created internally for this
purpose.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Copy-up the ancestors of the target.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Because the copy-up operation is big and has many parameters and
functions, consolidate them in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The functions for
- create the copy-up target file
- copy filedata
- copy metadata

In copying filedata, I had tried splice_direct() instead of repeating
read/write. Surprisingly, I could not see a big difference. So let's
keep this approach for a while. Someday SEEK_DATA/SEEK_HOLE become more
popular, it may help optimizing this read/write.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Copy the inode attributes between branches.
See also the document in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The generation of iinfo and dinfo inherit sbinfo's.
Also iinfo generation tracks the branch inode's generation to test the
matching after the branch management.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>