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In mainline, by the commit
	549c7297717c3 2021-01-24 fs: make helpers idmap mount aware
and its series, a new parameter 'user_ns' was added to some inode
operations.  Aufs simply follows it, but it is still testing.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

SELinux's d_instantiate hook calls __vfs_getxattr() BEFORE d_inode is
set.  Aufs should not rely upon d_inode and should use the parameter
inode instead.
Reported-by: "jon bird" <news@onasticksoftware.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 5777718fd657e1cfdf006cd16b524c65cf2fe09b)

Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 56b4b776c84f364384971c4cdfd66b4a2f0696d4)

Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 0f5f91bda77d0690c23732fd2592ae97c908a704)

Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Generally aufs hides the name of whiteouts. But in some cases, to show
them is very useful for users. For instance, creating a new middle layer
(branch) by merging existing layers.

See also the document in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Delete a branch which is not busy.
Aufs judges the branch is deletable by testing the opened files, the
cached dentries and inodes. Even if a directory is in use, as long as
the same named entry exist on another branch, then the branch is
deletable.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

This new function au_aopen_or_create() tries calling branch fs's
->atomic_open() first. If it is not set, call vfs_create() instead.
By putting this behaviour into aufs's add_simple(), many codes can be
shared.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Support for XATTR and ACL including several branch attributes to ignore
the copy error around XATTR and ACL.

NFS always sets MS_POSIXACL regardless its mount option 'noacl.'
When MS_POSIXACL is set, generic_permission() calls check_acl() (via
acl_permission_check()) and gets -EOPNOTSUPP because the NFS branch is
mounted as 'noacl.'
In aufs, h_permission() should not call generic_permission() in this
case.
The similar thing happens in coping-up XATTR. vfs_getxattr_alloc()
returns -EOPNOTSUPP.

See also the document in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

An enhancement for udba=none if possible.
The condition is same to the 'no ->d_revalidate()' patch series.
Refresh i_op in all cached inodes at the remount-time.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

An enhancement for udba=none if possible.
The condition is same to the 'no ->d_revalidate()' patch series.
In this mode, i_op->getattr() is less important, and the default VFS
handler is enough.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Implement i_op->get/setattr().
setattr() is another trigger of the copy-up. The file may or may not be
opened. And some of sub-functions are commonly used to XATTR operations
in later commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Implement i_op->link().
As aufs supports 'pseudo-link', aufs_link() can make it without
copying-up. In the case of aufs_link() has to copy-up, the name of the
target file is used as-is, and it is pseudo-linked. In other words,
calling link(2) after the copy-up is unnecessary.

See also struct.txt in previous commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Implement i_op->rename().
This is a big monster and I don't like it.

In this version, the copy-up always happen.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Implement i_op->rmdir() with supporting logical deletion by whiteout
including all children.

As struct.txt in previous commit described, the target dir is renamed to
a whiteout-ed temporary unique name in rmdir(2), and then removed
asynchronously by the system global workqueue.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Implement i_op->unlink() with supporting logical deletion by whiteout.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Here are entry adding inode operations, i_op->create(), symlink(),
mkdir(), mknod(), and tmpfile().
Obviously they return EOPNOTSUPP when the target branch fs doesn't
support the operation.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Implement dir.i_op->lookup() and ->permission().
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

This commit is just to prepare for the succeeding commit, and split to
suppress the size of a single commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

As a part of looking-up, construct a virtual inode.
After branch-management (add/del branches), the inode has to be
refreshed to represent a revealed file.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

This is the hardest test to support UDBA (users' direct branch access).
It uses 'fsnotify' internally.  Detecting UDBA, decrements the
generation of the cached aufs objects.  In the next access to the file,
aufs detects the generation is obsoleted and tries refreshing it.
Eventually aufs cache will be updated to latest status.

The fsnotify is set on the cached dirs on the non-RR branches.
The RR (real readonly) branches will never be modified and it is
unnecessary to set fsnotify for them.

This commit is for the declarations mainly, and the body parts will be
in succeeding commits.

This feature is compiled only when CONFIG_AUFS_HNOTIFY is enabled.
See also the document in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Aufs allows users' direct branch access (UDBA), ie. by-passing aufs.
Of course it will make aufs inode/dentry-caches obsolete. In order to
detect such change by the several tests, "udba=" option is introduced.

For details, see lookup.txt in later commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Imagine a sequence such like this.
- user opens a file which exists on the lower readonly branch.
- user unlinks the file (still opened). its parent dir may be removed
  too.
- user writes something to the file.

Then aufs has to copy-up the unlinked file.
Note that the copy-up in aufs is not done in open(2) by default.
This commit handles this case by copy-up the file in write(2).
The target directory is the one which aufs created internally for this
purpose.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The functions for
- create the copy-up target file
- copy filedata
- copy metadata

In copying filedata, I had tried splice_direct() instead of repeating
read/write. Surprisingly, I could not see a big difference. So let's
keep this approach for a while. Someday SEEK_DATA/SEEK_HOLE become more
popular, it may help optimizing this read/write.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The internal file read/write for copy-up in kernelspace.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

To create/delete/rename files including copy-up, aufs acquires several
locks on the branch fs internally. These lock/unlock operations are
consolidated into struct au_pin in this commit.
au_pin handles
- LOCKDEP class
- re-validate/verify
- suspend/resume HNOTIFY

See also lookup.txt in later commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Actually prepare the whiteout bases on the adding writable branch.
For details, refer to previous commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Aufs pseudo-link (plink) represents a virtual hardlink across the
branches. To implement the plink maintenance mode, aufs uses procfs.
See also the document in this commit.

There is an external user-space utility called 'auplink' in
aufs-util.git, which has these features.
- 'list' shows the pseudo-linked inode numbers and filenames.
- 'cpup' copies-up all pseudo-link to the writable branch.
- 'flush' calls 'cpup', and then 'mount -o remount,clean_plink=inum'
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

XINO and XIB files are read and written frequently after unlinked, and
it means that the remote filesystems are not suitable for them.
Additionally aufs shows their metadata via debugfs (in later commit).
To make it easier to do this, aufs expects branch filesystems to
maintain their i_size and i_blocks. And it means some filesystem are not
suitable for XINO.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

For details, see previous commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The generation of iinfo and dinfo inherit sbinfo's.
Also iinfo generation tracks the branch inode's generation to test the
matching after the branch management.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Print various info about aufs inode. This feature is enabled when
CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG and the module parameter 'debug' are set.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

This is a very old debugging routine for rw_semaphore I was using
privately and less meaningful to other people. It was (probably) before
LOCKDEP feature was introduced, but now it is based upon LOCKDEP. This
is compiled when CONFIG_AUFS_DEBUG is enabled.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

See the documents in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>