nftables & iptables
===================

nftables is the replacement of iptables by the Netfilter project.
You are encouraged to migrate now to nftables.

If you are developing a new firewall or network service, then writting a
nftables ruleset from the beginnig should be fine.
If you would like to migrate or translate your previous
iptables/ip6tables/arptables/ebtables rulesets to nftables then keep reading.

There are some tools in place to help you moving from iptables to nftables,
(tools included in `iptables-nftables-compat` package) following 2 basic
approaches:

 * command line translation
   (iptables-translate, iptables-restore-translate,
   ip6tables-translate, ip6tables-restore-translate)

 * syntax reuse with nf_tables backend
   (iptables-compat, iptables-compat-restore, iptables-compat-save,
   ip6tables-compat, ip6tables-compat-restore, ip6tables-compat-save,
   arptables-compat, ebtables-compat)

Documentation on how to use these tools can be found at:

 * https://wiki.debian.org/Moving_from_iptables_to_nftables
 * https://wiki.nftables.org/wiki-nftables/index.php/Moving_from_iptables_to_nftables
 * xtables-compat(8) manpage
 * xtables-translate(8) manpage

alternatives
============

The legacy binaries are now installed as:

 * /sbin/iptables-legacy
 * /sbin/iptables-legacy-restore
 * /sbin/iptables-legacy-save
 * /sbin/ip6tables-legacy
 * /sbin/ip6tables-legacy-restore
 * /sbin/ip6tables-legacy-save
 * /sbin/arptables-legacy (in the arptables Debian package)
 * /sbin/ebtables-legacy (in the ebtables Debian package)

The compat tools (tools which accepts the legacy syntax but use the nf_tables
kernel subsystem) are installed as:

 * /sbin/iptables-compat
 * /sbin/iptables-compat-restore
 * /sbin/iptables-compat-save
 * /sbin/ip6tables-compat
 * /sbin/ip6tables-compat-restore
 * /sbin/ip6tables-compat-save
 * /sbin/arptables-compat
 * /sbin/ebtables-compat

All of them from the `iptables-nftables-compat` Debian package and have more
default priority, which means that if you install that package, you will be
using the compat tools instead of the legacy ones.

You can change this at runtime using the `update-alternatives` command.

NOTE: make sure you don't mix iptables-legacy and iptables-compat (nftables)
rulesets in the same machine at the same time just for sanity and to avoid
unexpected behaviours in your network.

future
======

Right now Debian includes by default iptables-legacy in every system
installation. In a mid-long term future this will change in favour of nftables.