chore(合并): 同步主分支变更并解决冲突

- 合并 wire/httpclient/http_upstream/proxy_probe 冲突并保留校验逻辑
- 引入 proxyutil 及测试，完善代理配置
- 更新 goreleaser/workflow 与前端细节调整

测试: go test ./...

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -4,6 +4,22 @@ on:
   push:
     tags:
       - 'v*'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      tag:
+        description: 'Tag to release (e.g., v1.0.0)'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      simple_release:
+        description: 'Simple release: only x86_64 GHCR image, skip other artifacts'
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+
+# 环境变量：合并 workflow_dispatch 输入和 repository variable
+# tag push 触发时读取 vars.SIMPLE_RELEASE，workflow_dispatch 时使用输入参数
+env:
+  SIMPLE_RELEASE: ${{ github.event.inputs.simple_release == 'true' || vars.SIMPLE_RELEASE == 'true' }}
 
 permissions:
   contents: write
@@ -19,7 +35,12 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Update VERSION file
         run: |
-          VERSION=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
+            VERSION=${{ github.event.inputs.tag }}
+            VERSION=${VERSION#v}
+          else
+            VERSION=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}
+          fi
           echo "$VERSION" > backend/cmd/server/VERSION
           echo "Updated VERSION file to: $VERSION"
 
@@ -66,6 +87,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+          ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.tag || github.ref }}
 
       - name: Download VERSION artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
@@ -93,7 +115,10 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
 
       - name: Login to DockerHub
+        if: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != '' }}
         uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        env:
+          DOCKERHUB_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -113,7 +138,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get tag message
         id: tag_message
         run: |
-          TAG_NAME=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
+            TAG_NAME=${{ github.event.inputs.tag }}
+          else
+            TAG_NAME=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}
+          fi
           echo "Processing tag: $TAG_NAME"
 
           # 获取完整的 tag message（跳过第一行标题）
@@ -137,18 +166,21 @@ jobs:
         uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v6
         with:
           version: '~> v2'
-          args: release --clean --skip=validate
+          args: release --clean --skip=validate ${{ env.SIMPLE_RELEASE == 'true' && '--config=.goreleaser.simple.yaml' || '' }}
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           TAG_MESSAGE: ${{ steps.tag_message.outputs.message }}
           GITHUB_REPO_OWNER: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
           GITHUB_REPO_OWNER_LOWER: ${{ steps.lowercase.outputs.owner }}
           GITHUB_REPO_NAME: ${{ github.event.repository.name }}
-          DOCKERHUB_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+          DOCKERHUB_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME || 'skip' }}
 
       # Update DockerHub description
       - name: Update DockerHub description
+        if: ${{ env.SIMPLE_RELEASE != 'true' && env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != '' }}
         uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@v4
+        env:
+          DOCKERHUB_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -158,9 +190,11 @@ jobs:
 
       # Send Telegram notification
       - name: Send Telegram Notification
+        if: ${{ env.SIMPLE_RELEASE != 'true' }}
         env:
           TELEGRAM_BOT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TELEGRAM_BOT_TOKEN }}
           TELEGRAM_CHAT_ID: ${{ secrets.TELEGRAM_CHAT_ID }}
+          DOCKERHUB_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
         continue-on-error: true
         run: |
           # 检查必要的环境变量
@@ -169,10 +203,13 @@ jobs:
             exit 0
           fi
 
-          TAG_NAME=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
+            TAG_NAME=${{ github.event.inputs.tag }}
+          else
+            TAG_NAME=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}
+          fi
           VERSION=${TAG_NAME#v}
           REPO="${{ github.repository }}"
-          DOCKER_IMAGE="${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api"
           GHCR_IMAGE="ghcr.io/${REPO,,}"  # ${,,} converts to lowercase
 
           # 获取 tag message 内容
@@ -194,14 +231,20 @@ jobs:
 
           MESSAGE+="🐳 *Docker 部署:*"$'\n'
           MESSAGE+="\`\`\`bash"$'\n'
-          MESSAGE+="# Docker Hub"$'\n'
-          MESSAGE+="docker pull ${DOCKER_IMAGE}:${TAG_NAME}"$'\n'
-          MESSAGE+="# GitHub Container Registry"$'\n'
+          # 根据是否配置 DockerHub 动态生成
+          if [ -n "$DOCKERHUB_USERNAME" ]; then
+            DOCKER_IMAGE="${DOCKERHUB_USERNAME}/sub2api"
+            MESSAGE+="# Docker Hub"$'\n'
+            MESSAGE+="docker pull ${DOCKER_IMAGE}:${TAG_NAME}"$'\n'
+            MESSAGE+="# GitHub Container Registry"$'\n'
+          fi
           MESSAGE+="docker pull ${GHCR_IMAGE}:${TAG_NAME}"$'\n'
           MESSAGE+="\`\`\`"$'\n'$'\n'
           MESSAGE+="🔗 *相关链接:*"$'\n'
           MESSAGE+="• [GitHub Release](https://github.com/${REPO}/releases/tag/${TAG_NAME})"$'\n'
-          MESSAGE+="• [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/${DOCKER_IMAGE})"$'\n'
+          if [ -n "$DOCKERHUB_USERNAME" ]; then
+            MESSAGE+="• [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/${DOCKER_IMAGE})"$'\n'
+          fi
           MESSAGE+="• [GitHub Packages](https://github.com/${REPO}/pkgs/container/sub2api)"$'\n'$'\n'
           MESSAGE+="#Sub2API #Release #${TAG_NAME//./_}"
 

.goreleaser.simple.yaml

+# 简化版 GoReleaser 配置 - 仅发布 x86_64 GHCR 镜像
+version: 2
+
+project_name: sub2api
+
+before:
+  hooks:
+    - go mod tidy -C backend
+
+builds:
+  - id: sub2api
+    dir: backend
+    main: ./cmd/server
+    binary: sub2api
+    flags:
+      - -tags=embed
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+    goos:
+      - linux
+    goarch:
+      - amd64
+    ldflags:
+      - -s -w
+      - -X main.Commit={{.Commit}}
+      - -X main.Date={{.Date}}
+      - -X main.BuildType=release
+
+# 跳过 archives
+archives: []
+
+# 跳过 checksum
+checksum:
+  disable: true
+
+changelog:
+  disable: true
+
+# 仅 GHCR x86_64 镜像
+dockers:
+  - id: ghcr-amd64
+    goos: linux
+    goarch: amd64
+    image_templates:
+      - "ghcr.io/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPO_OWNER_LOWER }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}-amd64"
+      - "ghcr.io/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPO_OWNER_LOWER }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}"
+      - "ghcr.io/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPO_OWNER_LOWER }}/sub2api:latest"
+    dockerfile: Dockerfile.goreleaser
+    use: buildx
+    build_flag_templates:
+      - "--platform=linux/amd64"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{ .Version }}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{ .Commit }}"
+      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPO_OWNER }}/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPO_NAME }}"
+
+# 跳过 manifests（单架构不需要）
+docker_manifests: []
+
+release:
+  github:
+    owner: "{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPO_OWNER }}"
+    name: "{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPO_NAME }}"
+  draft: false
+  prerelease: auto
+  name_template: "Sub2API {{.Version}} (Simple)"
+  # 跳过上传二进制包
+  skip_upload: true
+  header: |
+    > AI API Gateway Platform - 将 AI 订阅配额分发和管理
+    > ⚡ Simple Release: 仅包含 x86_64 GHCR 镜像
+
+    {{ .Env.TAG_MESSAGE }}
+
+  footer: |
+    ---
+
+    ## 📥 Installation
+
+    **Docker (x86_64 only):**
+    ```bash
+    docker pull ghcr.io/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPO_OWNER_LOWER }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}
+    ```
+
+    ## 📚 Documentation
+
+    - [GitHub Repository](https://github.com/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPO_OWNER }}/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPO_NAME }})

.goreleaser.yaml

@@ -54,9 +54,11 @@ changelog:
 
 # Docker images
 dockers:
+  # DockerHub images (skipped if DOCKERHUB_USERNAME is 'skip')
   - id: amd64
     goos: linux
     goarch: amd64
+    skip_push: '{{ if eq .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME "skip" }}true{{ else }}false{{ end }}'
     image_templates:
       - "{{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}-amd64"
     dockerfile: Dockerfile.goreleaser
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ dockers:
   - id: arm64
     goos: linux
     goarch: arm64
+    skip_push: '{{ if eq .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME "skip" }}true{{ else }}false{{ end }}'
     image_templates:
       - "{{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}-arm64"
     dockerfile: Dockerfile.goreleaser
@@ -107,22 +110,27 @@ dockers:
 
 # Docker manifests for multi-arch support
 docker_manifests:
+  # DockerHub manifests (skipped if DOCKERHUB_USERNAME is 'skip')
   - name_template: "{{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}"
+    skip_push: '{{ if eq .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME "skip" }}true{{ else }}false{{ end }}'
     image_templates:
       - "{{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}-amd64"
       - "{{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}-arm64"
 
   - name_template: "{{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:latest"
+    skip_push: '{{ if eq .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME "skip" }}true{{ else }}false{{ end }}'
     image_templates:
       - "{{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}-amd64"
       - "{{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}-arm64"
 
   - name_template: "{{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:{{ .Major }}.{{ .Minor }}"
+    skip_push: '{{ if eq .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME "skip" }}true{{ else }}false{{ end }}'
     image_templates:
       - "{{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}-amd64"
       - "{{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}-arm64"
 
   - name_template: "{{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:{{ .Major }}"
+    skip_push: '{{ if eq .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME "skip" }}true{{ else }}false{{ end }}'
     image_templates:
       - "{{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}-amd64"
       - "{{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}-arm64"
@@ -169,9 +177,11 @@ release:
 
     **Docker:**
     ```bash
+    {{ if ne .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME "skip" -}}
     # Docker Hub
     docker pull {{ .Env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}
 
+    {{ end -}}
     # GitHub Container Registry
     docker pull ghcr.io/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPO_OWNER_LOWER }}/sub2api:{{ .Version }}
     ```

backend/cmd/server/wire_gen.go

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	antigravityTokenProvider := service.NewAntigravityTokenProvider(accountRepository, geminiTokenCache, antigravityOAuthService)
 	httpUpstream := repository.NewHTTPUpstream(configConfig)
 	antigravityGatewayService := service.NewAntigravityGatewayService(accountRepository, gatewayCache, antigravityTokenProvider, rateLimitService, httpUpstream, configConfig)
-	accountTestService := service.NewAccountTestService(accountRepository, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiTokenProvider, antigravityGatewayService, httpUpstream, configConfig)
+	accountTestService := service.NewAccountTestService(accountRepository, geminiTokenProvider, antigravityGatewayService, httpUpstream, configConfig)
 	concurrencyCache := repository.ProvideConcurrencyCache(redisClient, configConfig)
 	concurrencyService := service.NewConcurrencyService(concurrencyCache)
 	crsSyncService := service.NewCRSSyncService(accountRepository, proxyRepository, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, configConfig)

backend/internal/handler/admin/proxy_handler.go

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func NewProxyHandler(adminService service.AdminService) *ProxyHandler {
 // CreateProxyRequest represents create proxy request
 type CreateProxyRequest struct {
 	Name     string `json:"name" binding:"required"`
-	Protocol string `json:"protocol" binding:"required,oneof=http https socks5"`
+	Protocol string `json:"protocol" binding:"required,oneof=http https socks5 socks5h"`
 	Host     string `json:"host" binding:"required"`
 	Port     int    `json:"port" binding:"required,min=1,max=65535"`
 	Username string `json:"username"`
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ type CreateProxyRequest struct {
 // UpdateProxyRequest represents update proxy request
 type UpdateProxyRequest struct {
 	Name     string `json:"name"`
-	Protocol string `json:"protocol" binding:"omitempty,oneof=http https socks5"`
+	Protocol string `json:"protocol" binding:"omitempty,oneof=http https socks5 socks5h"`
 	Host     string `json:"host"`
 	Port     int    `json:"port" binding:"omitempty,min=1,max=65535"`
 	Username string `json:"username"`
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ func (h *ProxyHandler) GetProxyAccounts(c *gin.Context) {
 
 // BatchCreateProxyItem represents a single proxy in batch create request
 type BatchCreateProxyItem struct {
-	Protocol string `json:"protocol" binding:"required,oneof=http https socks5"`
+	Protocol string `json:"protocol" binding:"required,oneof=http https socks5 socks5h"`
 	Host     string `json:"host" binding:"required"`
 	Port     int    `json:"port" binding:"required,min=1,max=65535"`
 	Username string `json:"username"`

backend/internal/handler/gateway_handler.go

@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ func (h *GatewayHandler) Messages(c *gin.Context) {
 				continue
 			}
 			// 错误响应已在Forward中处理，这里只记录日志
-			log.Printf("Forward request failed: %v", err)
+			log.Printf("Account %d: Forward request failed: %v", account.ID, err)
 			return
 		}
 

backend/internal/handler/openai_gateway_handler.go

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ func (h *OpenAIGatewayHandler) Responses(c *gin.Context) {
 				continue
 			}
 			// Error response already handled in Forward, just log
-			log.Printf("Forward request failed: %v", err)
+			log.Printf("Account %d: Forward request failed: %v", account.ID, err)
 			return
 		}
 

backend/internal/pkg/httpclient/pool.go

@@ -11,23 +11,21 @@
 // 新实现使用统一的客户端池：
 // 1. 相同配置复用同一 http.Client 实例
 // 2. 复用 Transport 连接池，减少 TCP/TLS 握手开销
-// 3. 支持 HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS5 代理
-// 4. 支持严格代理模式（代理失败则返回错误）
+// 3. 支持 HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS5/SOCKS5H 代理
+// 4. 代理配置失败时直接返回错误，不会回退到直连（避免 IP 关联风险）
 package httpclient
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/proxyutil"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/util/urlvalidator"
-	"golang.org/x/net/proxy"
 )
 
 // Transport 连接池默认配置
@@ -39,7 +37,7 @@ const (
 
 // Options 定义共享 HTTP 客户端的构建参数
 type Options struct {
-	ProxyURL              string        // 代理 URL（支持 http/https/socks5）
+	ProxyURL              string        // 代理 URL（支持 http/https/socks5/socks5h）
 	Timeout               time.Duration // 请求总超时时间
 	ResponseHeaderTimeout time.Duration // 等待响应头超时时间
 	InsecureSkipVerify    bool          // 是否跳过 TLS 证书验证
@@ -58,6 +56,7 @@ var sharedClients sync.Map
 
 // GetClient 返回共享的 HTTP 客户端实例
 // 性能优化：相同配置复用同一客户端，避免重复创建 Transport
+// 安全说明：代理配置失败时直接返回错误，不会回退到直连，避免 IP 关联风险
 func GetClient(opts Options) (*http.Client, error) {
 	key := buildClientKey(opts)
 	if cached, ok := sharedClients.Load(key); ok {
@@ -68,12 +67,7 @@ func GetClient(opts Options) (*http.Client, error) {
 
 	client, err := buildClient(opts)
 	if err != nil {
-		if opts.ProxyStrict {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		fallback := opts
-		fallback.ProxyURL = ""
-		client, _ = buildClient(fallback)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	actual, _ := sharedClients.LoadOrStore(key, client)
@@ -132,19 +126,8 @@ func buildTransport(opts Options) (*http.Transport, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	switch strings.ToLower(parsed.Scheme) {
-	case "http", "https":
-		transport.Proxy = http.ProxyURL(parsed)
-	case "socks5", "socks5h":
-		dialer, err := proxy.FromURL(parsed, proxy.Direct)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		transport.DialContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-			return dialer.Dial(network, addr)
-		}
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported proxy protocol: %s", parsed.Scheme)
+	if err := proxyutil.ConfigureTransportProxy(transport, parsed); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	return transport, nil

backend/internal/pkg/proxyutil/dialer.go

+// Package proxyutil 提供统一的代理配置功能
+//
+// 支持的代理协议：
+//   - HTTP/HTTPS: 通过 Transport.Proxy 设置
+//   - SOCKS5/SOCKS5H: 通过 Transport.DialContext 设置（服务端解析 DNS）
+package proxyutil
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/proxy"
+)
+
+// ConfigureTransportProxy 根据代理 URL 配置 Transport
+//
+// 支持的协议：
+//   - http/https: 设置 transport.Proxy
+//   - socks5/socks5h: 设置 transport.DialContext（由代理服务端解析 DNS）
+//
+// 参数：
+//   - transport: 需要配置的 http.Transport
+//   - proxyURL: 代理地址，nil 表示直连
+//
+// 返回：
+//   - error: 代理配置错误（协议不支持或 dialer 创建失败）
+func ConfigureTransportProxy(transport *http.Transport, proxyURL *url.URL) error {
+	if proxyURL == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	scheme := strings.ToLower(proxyURL.Scheme)
+	switch scheme {
+	case "http", "https":
+		transport.Proxy = http.ProxyURL(proxyURL)
+		return nil
+
+	case "socks5", "socks5h":
+		dialer, err := proxy.FromURL(proxyURL, proxy.Direct)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("create socks5 dialer: %w", err)
+		}
+		// 优先使用支持 context 的 DialContext，以支持请求取消和超时
+		if contextDialer, ok := dialer.(proxy.ContextDialer); ok {
+			transport.DialContext = contextDialer.DialContext
+		} else {
+			// 回退路径：如果 dialer 不支持 ContextDialer，则包装为简单的 DialContext
+			// 注意：此回退不支持请求取消和超时控制
+			transport.DialContext = func(_ context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+				return dialer.Dial(network, addr)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported proxy scheme: %s", scheme)
+	}
+}

backend/internal/pkg/proxyutil/dialer_test.go

+package proxyutil
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestConfigureTransportProxy_Nil(t *testing.T) {
+	transport := &http.Transport{}
+	err := ConfigureTransportProxy(transport, nil)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, transport.Proxy, "nil proxy should not set Proxy")
+	assert.Nil(t, transport.DialContext, "nil proxy should not set DialContext")
+}
+
+func TestConfigureTransportProxy_HTTP(t *testing.T) {
+	transport := &http.Transport{}
+	proxyURL, _ := url.Parse("http://proxy.example.com:8080")
+
+	err := ConfigureTransportProxy(transport, proxyURL)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, transport.Proxy, "HTTP proxy should set Proxy")
+	assert.Nil(t, transport.DialContext, "HTTP proxy should not set DialContext")
+}
+
+func TestConfigureTransportProxy_HTTPS(t *testing.T) {
+	transport := &http.Transport{}
+	proxyURL, _ := url.Parse("https://secure-proxy.example.com:8443")
+
+	err := ConfigureTransportProxy(transport, proxyURL)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, transport.Proxy, "HTTPS proxy should set Proxy")
+	assert.Nil(t, transport.DialContext, "HTTPS proxy should not set DialContext")
+}
+
+func TestConfigureTransportProxy_SOCKS5(t *testing.T) {
+	transport := &http.Transport{}
+	proxyURL, _ := url.Parse("socks5://socks.example.com:1080")
+
+	err := ConfigureTransportProxy(transport, proxyURL)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, transport.Proxy, "SOCKS5 proxy should not set Proxy")
+	assert.NotNil(t, transport.DialContext, "SOCKS5 proxy should set DialContext")
+}
+
+func TestConfigureTransportProxy_SOCKS5H(t *testing.T) {
+	transport := &http.Transport{}
+	proxyURL, _ := url.Parse("socks5h://socks.example.com:1080")
+
+	err := ConfigureTransportProxy(transport, proxyURL)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, transport.Proxy, "SOCKS5H proxy should not set Proxy")
+	assert.NotNil(t, transport.DialContext, "SOCKS5H proxy should set DialContext")
+}
+
+func TestConfigureTransportProxy_CaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		scheme   string
+		useProxy bool // true = uses Transport.Proxy, false = uses DialContext
+	}{
+		{"HTTP://proxy.example.com:8080", true},
+		{"Http://proxy.example.com:8080", true},
+		{"HTTPS://proxy.example.com:8443", true},
+		{"Https://proxy.example.com:8443", true},
+		{"SOCKS5://socks.example.com:1080", false},
+		{"Socks5://socks.example.com:1080", false},
+		{"SOCKS5H://socks.example.com:1080", false},
+		{"Socks5h://socks.example.com:1080", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.scheme, func(t *testing.T) {
+			transport := &http.Transport{}
+			proxyURL, _ := url.Parse(tc.scheme)
+
+			err := ConfigureTransportProxy(transport, proxyURL)
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			if tc.useProxy {
+				assert.NotNil(t, transport.Proxy)
+				assert.Nil(t, transport.DialContext)
+			} else {
+				assert.Nil(t, transport.Proxy)
+				assert.NotNil(t, transport.DialContext)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConfigureTransportProxy_Unsupported(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []string{
+		"ftp://ftp.example.com",
+		"file:///path/to/file",
+		"unknown://example.com",
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc, func(t *testing.T) {
+			transport := &http.Transport{}
+			proxyURL, _ := url.Parse(tc)
+
+			err := ConfigureTransportProxy(transport, proxyURL)
+
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "unsupported proxy scheme")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConfigureTransportProxy_WithAuth(t *testing.T) {
+	transport := &http.Transport{}
+	proxyURL, _ := url.Parse("socks5://user:password@socks.example.com:1080")
+
+	err := ConfigureTransportProxy(transport, proxyURL)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, transport.DialContext, "SOCKS5 with auth should set DialContext")
+}
+
+func TestConfigureTransportProxy_EmptyScheme(t *testing.T) {
+	transport := &http.Transport{}
+	// 空 scheme 的 URL
+	proxyURL := &url.URL{Host: "proxy.example.com:8080"}
+
+	err := ConfigureTransportProxy(transport, proxyURL)
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "unsupported proxy scheme")
+}
+
+func TestConfigureTransportProxy_PreservesExistingConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	// 验证代理配置不会覆盖 Transport 的其他配置
+	transport := &http.Transport{
+		MaxIdleConns:        100,
+		MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 10,
+	}
+	proxyURL, _ := url.Parse("socks5://socks.example.com:1080")
+
+	err := ConfigureTransportProxy(transport, proxyURL)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 100, transport.MaxIdleConns, "MaxIdleConns should be preserved")
+	assert.Equal(t, 10, transport.MaxIdleConnsPerHost, "MaxIdleConnsPerHost should be preserved")
+	assert.NotNil(t, transport.DialContext, "DialContext should be set")
+}
+
+func TestConfigureTransportProxy_IPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		proxyURL string
+	}{
+		{"SOCKS5H with IPv6 loopback", "socks5h://[::1]:1080"},
+		{"SOCKS5 with full IPv6", "socks5://[2001:db8::1]:1080"},
+		{"HTTP with IPv6", "http://[::1]:8080"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			transport := &http.Transport{}
+			proxyURL, err := url.Parse(tc.proxyURL)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "URL should be parseable")
+
+			err = ConfigureTransportProxy(transport, proxyURL)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConfigureTransportProxy_SpecialCharsInPassword(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		proxyURL string
+	}{
+		// 密码包含 @ 符号（URL 编码为 %40）
+		{"password with @", "socks5://user:p%40ssword@proxy.example.com:1080"},
+		// 密码包含 : 符号（URL 编码为 %3A）
+		{"password with :", "socks5://user:pass%3Aword@proxy.example.com:1080"},
+		// 密码包含 / 符号（URL 编码为 %2F）
+		{"password with /", "socks5://user:pass%2Fword@proxy.example.com:1080"},
+		// 复杂密码
+		{"complex password", "socks5h://admin:P%40ss%3Aw0rd%2F123@proxy.example.com:1080"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			transport := &http.Transport{}
+			proxyURL, err := url.Parse(tc.proxyURL)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "URL should be parseable")
+
+			err = ConfigureTransportProxy(transport, proxyURL)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.NotNil(t, transport.DialContext, "SOCKS5 should set DialContext")
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/repository/claude_oauth_service.go

@@ -234,11 +234,17 @@ func (s *claudeOAuthService) RefreshToken(ctx context.Context, refreshToken, pro
 }
 
 func createReqClient(proxyURL string) *req.Client {
-	return getSharedReqClient(reqClientOptions{
-		ProxyURL:    proxyURL,
-		Timeout:     60 * time.Second,
-		Impersonate: true,
-	})
+	// 禁用 CookieJar，确保每次授权都是干净的会话
+	client := req.C().
+		SetTimeout(60 * time.Second).
+		ImpersonateChrome().
+		SetCookieJar(nil) // 禁用 CookieJar
+
+	if strings.TrimSpace(proxyURL) != "" {
+		client.SetProxyURL(strings.TrimSpace(proxyURL))
+	}
+
+	return client
 }
 
 func prefix(s string, n int) string {

backend/internal/repository/http_upstream.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/proxyutil"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/util/urlvalidator"
 )
@@ -261,7 +262,12 @@ func (s *httpUpstreamService) getClientEntry(proxyURL string, accountID int64, a
 
 	// 缓存未命中或需要重建，创建新客户端
 	settings := s.resolvePoolSettings(isolation, accountConcurrency)
-	client := &http.Client{Transport: buildUpstreamTransport(settings, parsedProxy)}
+	transport, err := buildUpstreamTransport(settings, parsedProxy)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("build transport: %w", err)
+	}
+	client := &http.Client{Transport: transport}
 	if s.shouldValidateResolvedIP() {
 		client.CheckRedirect = s.redirectChecker
 	}
@@ -587,6 +593,7 @@ func defaultPoolSettings(cfg *config.Config) poolSettings {
 //
 // 返回:
 //   - *http.Transport: 配置好的 Transport 实例
+//   - error: 代理配置错误
 //
 // Transport 参数说明:
 //   - MaxIdleConns: 所有主机的最大空闲连接总数
@@ -594,7 +601,7 @@ func defaultPoolSettings(cfg *config.Config) poolSettings {
 //   - MaxConnsPerHost: 每主机最大连接数（达到后新请求等待）
 //   - IdleConnTimeout: 空闲连接超时（超时后关闭）
 //   - ResponseHeaderTimeout: 等待响应头超时（不影响流式传输）
-func buildUpstreamTransport(settings poolSettings, proxyURL *url.URL) *http.Transport {
+func buildUpstreamTransport(settings poolSettings, proxyURL *url.URL) (*http.Transport, error) {
 	transport := &http.Transport{
 		MaxIdleConns:          settings.maxIdleConns,
 		MaxIdleConnsPerHost:   settings.maxIdleConnsPerHost,
@@ -602,10 +609,10 @@ func buildUpstreamTransport(settings poolSettings, proxyURL *url.URL) *http.Tran
 		IdleConnTimeout:       settings.idleConnTimeout,
 		ResponseHeaderTimeout: settings.responseHeaderTimeout,
 	}
-	if proxyURL != nil {
-		transport.Proxy = http.ProxyURL(proxyURL)
+	if err := proxyutil.ConfigureTransportProxy(transport, proxyURL); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return transport
+	return transport, nil
 }
 
 // trackedBody 带跟踪功能的响应体包装器

backend/internal/repository/http_upstream_benchmark_test.go

@@ -45,8 +45,12 @@ func BenchmarkHTTPUpstreamProxyClient(b *testing.B) {
 		settings := defaultPoolSettings(cfg)
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 			// 每次迭代都创建新客户端，包含 Transport 分配
+			transport, err := buildUpstreamTransport(settings, parsedProxy)
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Fatalf("创建 Transport 失败: %v", err)
+			}
 			httpClientSink = &http.Client{
-				Transport: buildUpstreamTransport(settings, parsedProxy),
+				Transport: transport,
 			}
 		}
 	})

backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/claude"
@@ -31,7 +30,6 @@ var sseDataPrefix = regexp.MustCompile(`^data:\s*`)
 
 const (
 	testClaudeAPIURL   = "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages"
-	testOpenAIAPIURL   = "https://api.openai.com/v1/responses"
 	chatgptCodexAPIURL = "https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex/responses"
 )
 
@@ -47,8 +45,6 @@ type TestEvent struct {
 // AccountTestService handles account testing operations
 type AccountTestService struct {
 	accountRepo               AccountRepository
-	oauthService              *OAuthService
-	openaiOAuthService        *OpenAIOAuthService
 	geminiTokenProvider       *GeminiTokenProvider
 	antigravityGatewayService *AntigravityGatewayService
 	httpUpstream              HTTPUpstream
@@ -58,8 +54,6 @@ type AccountTestService struct {
 // NewAccountTestService creates a new AccountTestService
 func NewAccountTestService(
 	accountRepo AccountRepository,
-	oauthService *OAuthService,
-	openaiOAuthService *OpenAIOAuthService,
 	geminiTokenProvider *GeminiTokenProvider,
 	antigravityGatewayService *AntigravityGatewayService,
 	httpUpstream HTTPUpstream,
@@ -67,8 +61,6 @@ func NewAccountTestService(
 ) *AccountTestService {
 	return &AccountTestService{
 		accountRepo:               accountRepo,
-		oauthService:              oauthService,
-		openaiOAuthService:        openaiOAuthService,
 		geminiTokenProvider:       geminiTokenProvider,
 		antigravityGatewayService: antigravityGatewayService,
 		httpUpstream:              httpUpstream,
@@ -204,22 +196,6 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) testClaudeAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account
 		if authToken == "" {
 			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No access token available")
 		}
-
-		// Check if token needs refresh
-		needRefresh := false
-		if expiresAt := account.GetCredentialAsTime("expires_at"); expiresAt != nil {
-			if time.Now().Add(5 * time.Minute).After(*expiresAt) {
-				needRefresh = true
-			}
-		}
-
-		if needRefresh && s.oauthService != nil {
-			tokenInfo, err := s.oauthService.RefreshAccountToken(ctx, account)
-			if err != nil {
-				return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to refresh token: %s", err.Error()))
-			}
-			authToken = tokenInfo.AccessToken
-		}
 	} else if account.Type == "apikey" {
 		// API Key - use x-api-key header
 		useBearer = false
@@ -335,15 +311,6 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) testOpenAIAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account
 			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No access token available")
 		}
 
-		// Check if token is expired and refresh if needed
-		if account.IsOpenAITokenExpired() && s.openaiOAuthService != nil {
-			tokenInfo, err := s.openaiOAuthService.RefreshAccountToken(ctx, account)
-			if err != nil {
-				return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to refresh token: %s", err.Error()))
-			}
-			authToken = tokenInfo.AccessToken
-		}
-
 		// OAuth uses ChatGPT internal API
 		apiURL = chatgptCodexAPIURL
 		chatgptAccountID = account.GetChatGPTAccountID()

backend/internal/service/account_usage_service.go

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ type antigravityUsageCache struct {
 }
 
 const (
-	apiCacheTTL         = 10 * time.Minute
+	apiCacheTTL         = 3 * time.Minute
 	windowStatsCacheTTL = 1 * time.Minute
 )
 

backend/internal/service/admin_service.go

@@ -630,6 +630,7 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) CreateAccount(ctx context.Context, input *CreateAccou
 		Concurrency: input.Concurrency,
 		Priority:    input.Priority,
 		Status:      StatusActive,
+		Schedulable: true,
 	}
 	if err := s.accountRepo.Create(ctx, account); err != nil {
 		return nil, err

backend/internal/service/antigravity_gateway_service.go

@@ -22,11 +22,27 @@ import (
 
 const (
 	antigravityStickySessionTTL = time.Hour
-	antigravityMaxRetries       = 5
+	antigravityMaxRetries       = 3
 	antigravityRetryBaseDelay   = 1 * time.Second
 	antigravityRetryMaxDelay    = 16 * time.Second
 )
 
+// getSessionID 从 gin.Context 获取 session_id（用于日志追踪）
+func getSessionID(c *gin.Context) string {
+	if c == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return c.GetHeader("session_id")
+}
+
+// logPrefix 生成统一的日志前缀
+func logPrefix(sessionID, accountName string) string {
+	if sessionID != "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("[antigravity-Forward] session=%s account=%s", sessionID, accountName)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("[antigravity-Forward] account=%s", accountName)
+}
+
 // Antigravity 直接支持的模型（精确匹配透传）
 var antigravitySupportedModels = map[string]bool{
 	"claude-opus-4-5-thinking":   true,
@@ -48,10 +64,11 @@ var antigravityPrefixMapping = []struct {
 	target string
 }{
 	// 长前缀优先
-	{"gemini-3-pro-image", "gemini-3-pro-image"}, // gemini-3-pro-image-preview 等
-	{"claude-3-5-sonnet", "claude-sonnet-4-5"},   // 旧版 claude-3-5-sonnet-xxx
-	{"claude-sonnet-4-5", "claude-sonnet-4-5"},   // claude-sonnet-4-5-xxx
-	{"claude-haiku-4-5", "claude-sonnet-4-5"},    // claude-haiku-4-5-xxx → sonnet
+	{"gemini-2.5-flash-image", "gemini-3-pro-image"}, // gemini-2.5-flash-image → 3-pro-image
+	{"gemini-3-pro-image", "gemini-3-pro-image"},     // gemini-3-pro-image-preview 等
+	{"claude-3-5-sonnet", "claude-sonnet-4-5"},       // 旧版 claude-3-5-sonnet-xxx
+	{"claude-sonnet-4-5", "claude-sonnet-4-5"},       // claude-sonnet-4-5-xxx
+	{"claude-haiku-4-5", "claude-sonnet-4-5"},        // claude-haiku-4-5-xxx → sonnet
 	{"claude-opus-4-5", "claude-opus-4-5-thinking"},
 	{"claude-3-haiku", "claude-sonnet-4-5"}, // 旧版 claude-3-haiku-xxx → sonnet
 	{"claude-sonnet-4", "claude-sonnet-4-5"},
@@ -315,6 +332,8 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) unwrapV1InternalResponse(body []byte) ([]byt
 // Forward 转发 Claude 协议请求（Claude → Gemini 转换）
 func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *Account, body []byte) (*ForwardResult, error) {
 	startTime := time.Now()
+	sessionID := getSessionID(c)
+	prefix := logPrefix(sessionID, account.Name)
 
 	// 解析 Claude 请求
 	var claudeReq antigravity.ClaudeRequest
@@ -369,10 +388,11 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 		resp, err = s.httpUpstream.Do(upstreamReq, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency)
 		if err != nil {
 			if attempt < antigravityMaxRetries {
-				log.Printf("Antigravity account %d: upstream request failed, retry %d/%d: %v", account.ID, attempt, antigravityMaxRetries, err)
+				log.Printf("%s status=request_failed retry=%d/%d error=%v", prefix, attempt, antigravityMaxRetries, err)
 				sleepAntigravityBackoff(attempt)
 				continue
 			}
+			log.Printf("%s status=request_failed retries_exhausted error=%v", prefix, err)
 			return nil, s.writeClaudeError(c, http.StatusBadGateway, "upstream_error", "Upstream request failed after retries")
 		}
 
@@ -381,13 +401,13 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 			_ = resp.Body.Close()
 
 			if attempt < antigravityMaxRetries {
-				log.Printf("Antigravity account %d: upstream status %d, retry %d/%d", account.ID, resp.StatusCode, attempt, antigravityMaxRetries)
+				log.Printf("%s status=%d retry=%d/%d", prefix, resp.StatusCode, attempt, antigravityMaxRetries)
 				sleepAntigravityBackoff(attempt)
 				continue
 			}
 			// 所有重试都失败，标记限流状态
 			if resp.StatusCode == 429 {
-				s.handleUpstreamError(ctx, account, resp.StatusCode, resp.Header, respBody)
+				s.handleUpstreamError(ctx, prefix, account, resp.StatusCode, resp.Header, respBody)
 			}
 			// 最后一次尝试也失败
 			resp = &http.Response{
@@ -405,7 +425,7 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 	// 处理错误响应
 	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
 		respBody, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 2<<20))
-		s.handleUpstreamError(ctx, account, resp.StatusCode, resp.Header, respBody)
+		s.handleUpstreamError(ctx, prefix, account, resp.StatusCode, resp.Header, respBody)
 
 		if s.shouldFailoverUpstreamError(resp.StatusCode) {
 			return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{StatusCode: resp.StatusCode}
@@ -424,6 +444,7 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 	if claudeReq.Stream {
 		streamRes, err := s.handleClaudeStreamingResponse(c, resp, startTime, originalModel)
 		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("%s status=stream_error error=%v", prefix, err)
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		usage = streamRes.usage
@@ -448,6 +469,8 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 // ForwardGemini 转发 Gemini 协议请求
 func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) ForwardGemini(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *Account, originalModel string, action string, stream bool, body []byte) (*ForwardResult, error) {
 	startTime := time.Now()
+	sessionID := getSessionID(c)
+	prefix := logPrefix(sessionID, account.Name)
 
 	if strings.TrimSpace(originalModel) == "" {
 		return nil, s.writeGoogleError(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "Missing model in URL")
@@ -523,10 +546,11 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) ForwardGemini(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Co
 		resp, err = s.httpUpstream.Do(upstreamReq, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency)
 		if err != nil {
 			if attempt < antigravityMaxRetries {
-				log.Printf("Antigravity account %d: upstream request failed, retry %d/%d: %v", account.ID, attempt, antigravityMaxRetries, err)
+				log.Printf("%s status=request_failed retry=%d/%d error=%v", prefix, attempt, antigravityMaxRetries, err)
 				sleepAntigravityBackoff(attempt)
 				continue
 			}
+			log.Printf("%s status=request_failed retries_exhausted error=%v", prefix, err)
 			return nil, s.writeGoogleError(c, http.StatusBadGateway, "Upstream request failed after retries")
 		}
 
@@ -535,13 +559,13 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) ForwardGemini(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Co
 			_ = resp.Body.Close()
 
 			if attempt < antigravityMaxRetries {
-				log.Printf("Antigravity account %d: upstream status %d, retry %d/%d", account.ID, resp.StatusCode, attempt, antigravityMaxRetries)
+				log.Printf("%s status=%d retry=%d/%d", prefix, resp.StatusCode, attempt, antigravityMaxRetries)
 				sleepAntigravityBackoff(attempt)
 				continue
 			}
 			// 所有重试都失败，标记限流状态
 			if resp.StatusCode == 429 {
-				s.handleUpstreamError(ctx, account, resp.StatusCode, resp.Header, respBody)
+				s.handleUpstreamError(ctx, prefix, account, resp.StatusCode, resp.Header, respBody)
 			}
 			resp = &http.Response{
 				StatusCode: resp.StatusCode,
@@ -563,7 +587,7 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) ForwardGemini(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Co
 	// 处理错误响应
 	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
 		respBody, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 2<<20))
-		s.handleUpstreamError(ctx, account, resp.StatusCode, resp.Header, respBody)
+		s.handleUpstreamError(ctx, prefix, account, resp.StatusCode, resp.Header, respBody)
 
 		if s.shouldFailoverUpstreamError(resp.StatusCode) {
 			return nil, &UpstreamFailoverError{StatusCode: resp.StatusCode}
@@ -585,6 +609,7 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) ForwardGemini(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Co
 	if stream || upstreamAction == "streamGenerateContent" {
 		streamRes, err := s.handleGeminiStreamingResponse(c, resp, startTime)
 		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("%s status=stream_error error=%v", prefix, err)
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		usage = streamRes.usage
@@ -633,7 +658,7 @@ func sleepAntigravityBackoff(attempt int) {
 	sleepGeminiBackoff(attempt) // 复用 Gemini 的退避逻辑
 }
 
-func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) handleUpstreamError(ctx context.Context, account *Account, statusCode int, headers http.Header, body []byte) {
+func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) handleUpstreamError(ctx context.Context, prefix string, account *Account, statusCode int, headers http.Header, body []byte) {
 	// 429 使用 Gemini 格式解析（从 body 解析重置时间）
 	if statusCode == 429 {
 		resetAt := ParseGeminiRateLimitResetTime(body)
@@ -644,17 +669,23 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) handleUpstreamError(ctx context.Context, acc
 				defaultDur = 5 * time.Minute
 			}
 			ra := time.Now().Add(defaultDur)
+			log.Printf("%s status=429 rate_limited reset_in=%v (fallback)", prefix, defaultDur)
 			_ = s.accountRepo.SetRateLimited(ctx, account.ID, ra)
 			return
 		}
-		_ = s.accountRepo.SetRateLimited(ctx, account.ID, time.Unix(*resetAt, 0))
+		resetTime := time.Unix(*resetAt, 0)
+		log.Printf("%s status=429 rate_limited reset_at=%v reset_in=%v", prefix, resetTime.Format("15:04:05"), time.Until(resetTime).Truncate(time.Second))
+		_ = s.accountRepo.SetRateLimited(ctx, account.ID, resetTime)
 		return
 	}
 	// 其他错误码继续使用 rateLimitService
 	if s.rateLimitService == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	s.rateLimitService.HandleUpstreamError(ctx, account, statusCode, headers, body)
+	shouldDisable := s.rateLimitService.HandleUpstreamError(ctx, account, statusCode, headers, body)
+	if shouldDisable {
+		log.Printf("%s status=%d marked_error", prefix, statusCode)
+	}
 }
 
 type antigravityStreamResult struct {
@@ -851,7 +882,7 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) writeClaudeError(c *gin.Context, status int,
 
 func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) writeMappedClaudeError(c *gin.Context, upstreamStatus int, body []byte) error {
 	// 记录上游错误详情便于调试
-	log.Printf("Antigravity upstream error %d: %s", upstreamStatus, string(body))
+	log.Printf("[antigravity-Forward] upstream_error status=%d body=%s", upstreamStatus, string(body))
 
 	var statusCode int
 	var errType, errMsg string
@@ -925,7 +956,7 @@ func (s *AntigravityGatewayService) handleClaudeNonStreamingResponse(c *gin.Cont
 	// 转换 Gemini 响应为 Claude 格式
 	claudeResp, agUsage, err := antigravity.TransformGeminiToClaude(body, originalModel)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Transform Gemini to Claude failed: %v, body: %s", err, string(body))
+		log.Printf("[antigravity-Forward] transform_error error=%v body=%s", err, string(body))
 		return nil, s.writeClaudeError(c, http.StatusBadGateway, "upstream_error", "Failed to parse upstream response")
 	}
 

backend/internal/service/gateway_prompt_test.go

+package service
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestIsClaudeCodeClient(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		userAgent      string
+		metadataUserID string
+		want           bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "Claude Code client",
+			userAgent:      "claude-cli/1.0.62 (darwin; arm64)",
+			metadataUserID: "session_123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000",
+			want:           true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Claude Code without version suffix",
+			userAgent:      "claude-cli/2.0.0",
+			metadataUserID: "session_abc",
+			want:           true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Missing metadata user_id",
+			userAgent:      "claude-cli/1.0.0",
+			metadataUserID: "",
+			want:           false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Different user agent",
+			userAgent:      "curl/7.68.0",
+			metadataUserID: "user123",
+			want:           false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Empty user agent",
+			userAgent:      "",
+			metadataUserID: "user123",
+			want:           false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Similar but not Claude CLI",
+			userAgent:      "claude-api/1.0.0",
+			metadataUserID: "user123",
+			want:           false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := isClaudeCodeClient(tt.userAgent, tt.metadataUserID)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSystemIncludesClaudeCodePrompt(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		system any
+		want   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:   "nil system",
+			system: nil,
+			want:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "empty string",
+			system: "",
+			want:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "string with Claude Code prompt",
+			system: claudeCodeSystemPrompt,
+			want:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "string with different content",
+			system: "You are a helpful assistant.",
+			want:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "empty array",
+			system: []any{},
+			want:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "array with Claude Code prompt",
+			system: []any{
+				map[string]any{
+					"type": "text",
+					"text": claudeCodeSystemPrompt,
+				},
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "array with Claude Code prompt in second position",
+			system: []any{
+				map[string]any{"type": "text", "text": "First prompt"},
+				map[string]any{"type": "text", "text": claudeCodeSystemPrompt},
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "array without Claude Code prompt",
+			system: []any{
+				map[string]any{"type": "text", "text": "Custom prompt"},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "array with partial match (should not match)",
+			system: []any{
+				map[string]any{"type": "text", "text": "You are Claude"},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := systemIncludesClaudeCodePrompt(tt.system)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInjectClaudeCodePrompt(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		body           string
+		system         any
+		wantSystemLen  int
+		wantFirstText  string
+		wantSecondText string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "nil system",
+			body:          `{"model":"claude-3"}`,
+			system:        nil,
+			wantSystemLen: 1,
+			wantFirstText: claudeCodeSystemPrompt,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "empty string system",
+			body:          `{"model":"claude-3"}`,
+			system:        "",
+			wantSystemLen: 1,
+			wantFirstText: claudeCodeSystemPrompt,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "string system",
+			body:           `{"model":"claude-3"}`,
+			system:         "Custom prompt",
+			wantSystemLen:  2,
+			wantFirstText:  claudeCodeSystemPrompt,
+			wantSecondText: "Custom prompt",
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "string system equals Claude Code prompt",
+			body:          `{"model":"claude-3"}`,
+			system:        claudeCodeSystemPrompt,
+			wantSystemLen: 1,
+			wantFirstText: claudeCodeSystemPrompt,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "array system",
+			body:   `{"model":"claude-3"}`,
+			system: []any{map[string]any{"type": "text", "text": "Custom"}},
+			// Claude Code + Custom = 2
+			wantSystemLen:  2,
+			wantFirstText:  claudeCodeSystemPrompt,
+			wantSecondText: "Custom",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "array system with existing Claude Code prompt (should dedupe)",
+			body: `{"model":"claude-3"}`,
+			system: []any{
+				map[string]any{"type": "text", "text": claudeCodeSystemPrompt},
+				map[string]any{"type": "text", "text": "Other"},
+			},
+			// Claude Code at start + Other = 2 (deduped)
+			wantSystemLen:  2,
+			wantFirstText:  claudeCodeSystemPrompt,
+			wantSecondText: "Other",
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "empty array",
+			body:          `{"model":"claude-3"}`,
+			system:        []any{},
+			wantSystemLen: 1,
+			wantFirstText: claudeCodeSystemPrompt,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := injectClaudeCodePrompt([]byte(tt.body), tt.system)
+
+			var parsed map[string]any
+			err := json.Unmarshal(result, &parsed)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			system, ok := parsed["system"].([]any)
+			require.True(t, ok, "system should be an array")
+			require.Len(t, system, tt.wantSystemLen)
+
+			first, ok := system[0].(map[string]any)
+			require.True(t, ok)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.wantFirstText, first["text"])
+			require.Equal(t, "text", first["type"])
+
+			// Check cache_control
+			cc, ok := first["cache_control"].(map[string]any)
+			require.True(t, ok)
+			require.Equal(t, "ephemeral", cc["type"])
+
+			if tt.wantSecondText != "" && len(system) > 1 {
+				second, ok := system[1].(map[string]any)
+				require.True(t, ok)
+				require.Equal(t, tt.wantSecondText, second["text"])
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/service/gateway_service.go

@@ -34,13 +34,15 @@ const (
 	claudeAPICountTokensURL = "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages/count_tokens?beta=true"
 	stickySessionTTL        = time.Hour // 粘性会话TTL
 	defaultMaxLineSize      = 10 * 1024 * 1024
+	claudeCodeSystemPrompt  = "You are Claude Code, Anthropic's official CLI for Claude."
 )
 
 // sseDataRe matches SSE data lines with optional whitespace after colon.
 // Some upstream APIs return non-standard "data:" without space (should be "data: ").
 var (
-	sseDataRe      = regexp.MustCompile(`^data:\s*`)
-	sessionIDRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`session_([a-f0-9-]{36})`)
+	sseDataRe            = regexp.MustCompile(`^data:\s*`)
+	sessionIDRegex       = regexp.MustCompile(`session_([a-f0-9-]{36})`)
+	claudeCliUserAgentRe = regexp.MustCompile(`^claude-cli/\d+\.\d+\.\d+`)
 )
 
 // allowedHeaders 白名单headers（参考CRS项目）
@@ -955,6 +957,76 @@ func (s *GatewayService) shouldFailoverUpstreamError(statusCode int) bool {
 	}
 }
 
+// isClaudeCodeClient 判断请求是否来自 Claude Code 客户端
+// 简化判断：User-Agent 匹配 + metadata.user_id 存在
+func isClaudeCodeClient(userAgent string, metadataUserID string) bool {
+	if metadataUserID == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return claudeCliUserAgentRe.MatchString(userAgent)
+}
+
+// systemIncludesClaudeCodePrompt 检查 system 中是否已包含 Claude Code 提示词
+// 支持 string 和 []any 两种格式
+func systemIncludesClaudeCodePrompt(system any) bool {
+	switch v := system.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return v == claudeCodeSystemPrompt
+	case []any:
+		for _, item := range v {
+			if m, ok := item.(map[string]any); ok {
+				if text, ok := m["text"].(string); ok && text == claudeCodeSystemPrompt {
+					return true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// injectClaudeCodePrompt 在 system 开头注入 Claude Code 提示词
+// 处理 null、字符串、数组三种格式
+func injectClaudeCodePrompt(body []byte, system any) []byte {
+	claudeCodeBlock := map[string]any{
+		"type":          "text",
+		"text":          claudeCodeSystemPrompt,
+		"cache_control": map[string]string{"type": "ephemeral"},
+	}
+
+	var newSystem []any
+
+	switch v := system.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		newSystem = []any{claudeCodeBlock}
+	case string:
+		if v == "" || v == claudeCodeSystemPrompt {
+			newSystem = []any{claudeCodeBlock}
+		} else {
+			newSystem = []any{claudeCodeBlock, map[string]any{"type": "text", "text": v}}
+		}
+	case []any:
+		newSystem = make([]any, 0, len(v)+1)
+		newSystem = append(newSystem, claudeCodeBlock)
+		for _, item := range v {
+			if m, ok := item.(map[string]any); ok {
+				if text, ok := m["text"].(string); ok && text == claudeCodeSystemPrompt {
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+			newSystem = append(newSystem, item)
+		}
+	default:
+		newSystem = []any{claudeCodeBlock}
+	}
+
+	result, err := sjson.SetBytes(body, "system", newSystem)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Warning: failed to inject Claude Code prompt: %v", err)
+		return body
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
 // Forward 转发请求到Claude API
 func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *Account, parsed *ParsedRequest) (*ForwardResult, error) {
 	startTime := time.Now()
@@ -966,16 +1038,13 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *A
 	reqModel := parsed.Model
 	reqStream := parsed.Stream
 
-	if !parsed.HasSystem {
-		body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "system", []any{
-			map[string]any{
-				"type": "text",
-				"text": "You are Claude Code, Anthropic's official CLI for Claude.",
-				"cache_control": map[string]string{
-					"type": "ephemeral",
-				},
-			},
-		})
+	// 智能注入 Claude Code 系统提示词（仅 OAuth/SetupToken 账号需要）
+	// 条件：1) OAuth/SetupToken 账号  2) 不是 Claude Code 客户端  3) 不是 Haiku 模型  4) system 中还没有 Claude Code 提示词
+	if account.IsOAuth() &&
+		!isClaudeCodeClient(c.GetHeader("User-Agent"), parsed.MetadataUserID) &&
+		!strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(reqModel), "haiku") &&
+		!systemIncludesClaudeCodePrompt(parsed.System) {
+		body = injectClaudeCodePrompt(body, parsed.System)
 	}
 
 	// 应用模型映射（仅对apikey类型账号）

backend/internal/service/token_refresh_service.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -171,6 +172,15 @@ func (s *TokenRefreshService) refreshWithRetry(ctx context.Context, account *Acc
 			return nil
 		}
 
+		// Antigravity 账户：不可重试错误直接标记 error 状态并返回
+		if account.Platform == PlatformAntigravity && isNonRetryableRefreshError(err) {
+			errorMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Token refresh failed (non-retryable): %v", err)
+			if setErr := s.accountRepo.SetError(ctx, account.ID, errorMsg); setErr != nil {
+				log.Printf("[TokenRefresh] Failed to set error status for account %d: %v", account.ID, setErr)
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+
 		lastErr = err
 		log.Printf("[TokenRefresh] Account %d attempt %d/%d failed: %v",
 			account.ID, attempt, s.cfg.MaxRetries, err)
@@ -183,11 +193,37 @@ func (s *TokenRefreshService) refreshWithRetry(ctx context.Context, account *Acc
 		}
 	}
 
-	// 所有重试都失败，标记账号为error状态
-	errorMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Token refresh failed after %d retries: %v", s.cfg.MaxRetries, lastErr)
-	if err := s.accountRepo.SetError(ctx, account.ID, errorMsg); err != nil {
-		log.Printf("[TokenRefresh] Failed to set error status for account %d: %v", account.ID, err)
+	// Antigravity 账户：其他错误仅记录日志，不标记 error（可能是临时网络问题）
+	// 其他平台账户：重试失败后标记 error
+	if account.Platform == PlatformAntigravity {
+		log.Printf("[TokenRefresh] Account %d: refresh failed after %d retries: %v", account.ID, s.cfg.MaxRetries, lastErr)
+	} else {
+		errorMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Token refresh failed after %d retries: %v", s.cfg.MaxRetries, lastErr)
+		if err := s.accountRepo.SetError(ctx, account.ID, errorMsg); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[TokenRefresh] Failed to set error status for account %d: %v", account.ID, err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return lastErr
 }
+
+// isNonRetryableRefreshError 判断是否为不可重试的刷新错误
+// 这些错误通常表示凭证已失效，需要用户重新授权
+func isNonRetryableRefreshError(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	msg := strings.ToLower(err.Error())
+	nonRetryable := []string{
+		"invalid_grant",       // refresh_token 已失效
+		"invalid_client",      // 客户端配置错误
+		"unauthorized_client", // 客户端未授权
+		"access_denied",       // 访问被拒绝
+	}
+	for _, needle := range nonRetryable {
+		if strings.Contains(msg, needle) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}