feat(subscription): 有界队列执行维护并改进鉴权解析

backend/cmd/server/wire.go

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ func provideCleanup(
 	pricing *service.PricingService,
 	emailQueue *service.EmailQueueService,
 	billingCache *service.BillingCacheService,
+	subscriptionService *service.SubscriptionService,
 	oauth *service.OAuthService,
 	openaiOAuth *service.OpenAIOAuthService,
 	geminiOAuth *service.GeminiOAuthService,
@@ -150,6 +151,12 @@ func provideCleanup(
 				subscriptionExpiry.Stop()
 				return nil
 			}},
+			{"SubscriptionService", func() error {
+				if subscriptionService != nil {
+					subscriptionService.Stop()
+				}
+				return nil
+			}},
 			{"PricingService", func() error {
 				pricing.Stop()
 				return nil

backend/cmd/server/wire_gen.go

@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	tokenRefreshService := service.ProvideTokenRefreshService(accountRepository, soraAccountRepository, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, antigravityOAuthService, compositeTokenCacheInvalidator, schedulerCache, configConfig)
 	accountExpiryService := service.ProvideAccountExpiryService(accountRepository)
 	subscriptionExpiryService := service.ProvideSubscriptionExpiryService(userSubscriptionRepository)
-	v := provideCleanup(client, redisClient, opsMetricsCollector, opsAggregationService, opsAlertEvaluatorService, opsCleanupService, opsScheduledReportService, soraMediaCleanupService, schedulerSnapshotService, tokenRefreshService, accountExpiryService, subscriptionExpiryService, usageCleanupService, pricingService, emailQueueService, billingCacheService, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, antigravityOAuthService)
+	v := provideCleanup(client, redisClient, opsMetricsCollector, opsAggregationService, opsAlertEvaluatorService, opsCleanupService, opsScheduledReportService, soraMediaCleanupService, schedulerSnapshotService, tokenRefreshService, accountExpiryService, subscriptionExpiryService, usageCleanupService, pricingService, emailQueueService, billingCacheService, subscriptionService, oAuthService, openAIOAuthService, geminiOAuthService, antigravityOAuthService)
 	application := &Application{
 		Server:  httpServer,
 		Cleanup: v,
@@ -243,6 +243,7 @@ func provideCleanup(
 	pricing *service.PricingService,
 	emailQueue *service.EmailQueueService,
 	billingCache *service.BillingCacheService,
+	subscriptionService *service.SubscriptionService,
 	oauth *service.OAuthService,
 	openaiOAuth *service.OpenAIOAuthService,
 	geminiOAuth *service.GeminiOAuthService,
@@ -316,6 +317,12 @@ func provideCleanup(
 				subscriptionExpiry.Stop()
 				return nil
 			}},
+			{"SubscriptionService", func() error {
+				if subscriptionService != nil {
+					subscriptionService.Stop()
+				}
+				return nil
+			}},
 			{"PricingService", func() error {
 				pricing.Stop()
 				return nil

backend/internal/config/config.go

@@ -38,33 +38,34 @@ const (
 )
 
 type Config struct {
-	Server            ServerConfig               `mapstructure:"server"`
-	CORS              CORSConfig                 `mapstructure:"cors"`
-	Security          SecurityConfig             `mapstructure:"security"`
-	Billing           BillingConfig              `mapstructure:"billing"`
-	Turnstile         TurnstileConfig            `mapstructure:"turnstile"`
-	Database          DatabaseConfig             `mapstructure:"database"`
-	Redis             RedisConfig                `mapstructure:"redis"`
-	Ops               OpsConfig                  `mapstructure:"ops"`
-	JWT               JWTConfig                  `mapstructure:"jwt"`
-	Totp              TotpConfig                 `mapstructure:"totp"`
-	LinuxDo           LinuxDoConnectConfig       `mapstructure:"linuxdo_connect"`
-	Default           DefaultConfig              `mapstructure:"default"`
-	RateLimit         RateLimitConfig            `mapstructure:"rate_limit"`
-	Pricing           PricingConfig              `mapstructure:"pricing"`
-	Gateway           GatewayConfig              `mapstructure:"gateway"`
-	APIKeyAuth        APIKeyAuthCacheConfig      `mapstructure:"api_key_auth_cache"`
-	SubscriptionCache SubscriptionCacheConfig    `mapstructure:"subscription_cache"`
-	Dashboard         DashboardCacheConfig       `mapstructure:"dashboard_cache"`
-	DashboardAgg      DashboardAggregationConfig `mapstructure:"dashboard_aggregation"`
-	UsageCleanup      UsageCleanupConfig         `mapstructure:"usage_cleanup"`
-	Concurrency       ConcurrencyConfig          `mapstructure:"concurrency"`
-	TokenRefresh      TokenRefreshConfig         `mapstructure:"token_refresh"`
-	Sora              SoraConfig                 `mapstructure:"sora"`
-	RunMode           string                     `mapstructure:"run_mode" yaml:"run_mode"`
-	Timezone          string                     `mapstructure:"timezone"` // e.g. "Asia/Shanghai", "UTC"
-	Gemini            GeminiConfig               `mapstructure:"gemini"`
-	Update            UpdateConfig               `mapstructure:"update"`
+	Server                  ServerConfig                  `mapstructure:"server"`
+	CORS                    CORSConfig                    `mapstructure:"cors"`
+	Security                SecurityConfig                `mapstructure:"security"`
+	Billing                 BillingConfig                 `mapstructure:"billing"`
+	Turnstile               TurnstileConfig               `mapstructure:"turnstile"`
+	Database                DatabaseConfig                `mapstructure:"database"`
+	Redis                   RedisConfig                   `mapstructure:"redis"`
+	Ops                     OpsConfig                     `mapstructure:"ops"`
+	JWT                     JWTConfig                     `mapstructure:"jwt"`
+	Totp                    TotpConfig                    `mapstructure:"totp"`
+	LinuxDo                 LinuxDoConnectConfig          `mapstructure:"linuxdo_connect"`
+	Default                 DefaultConfig                 `mapstructure:"default"`
+	RateLimit               RateLimitConfig               `mapstructure:"rate_limit"`
+	Pricing                 PricingConfig                 `mapstructure:"pricing"`
+	Gateway                 GatewayConfig                 `mapstructure:"gateway"`
+	APIKeyAuth              APIKeyAuthCacheConfig         `mapstructure:"api_key_auth_cache"`
+	SubscriptionCache       SubscriptionCacheConfig       `mapstructure:"subscription_cache"`
+	SubscriptionMaintenance SubscriptionMaintenanceConfig `mapstructure:"subscription_maintenance"`
+	Dashboard               DashboardCacheConfig          `mapstructure:"dashboard_cache"`
+	DashboardAgg            DashboardAggregationConfig    `mapstructure:"dashboard_aggregation"`
+	UsageCleanup            UsageCleanupConfig            `mapstructure:"usage_cleanup"`
+	Concurrency             ConcurrencyConfig             `mapstructure:"concurrency"`
+	TokenRefresh            TokenRefreshConfig            `mapstructure:"token_refresh"`
+	Sora                    SoraConfig                    `mapstructure:"sora"`
+	RunMode                 string                        `mapstructure:"run_mode" yaml:"run_mode"`
+	Timezone                string                        `mapstructure:"timezone"` // e.g. "Asia/Shanghai", "UTC"
+	Gemini                  GeminiConfig                  `mapstructure:"gemini"`
+	Update                  UpdateConfig                  `mapstructure:"update"`
 }
 
 type GeminiConfig struct {
@@ -609,6 +610,13 @@ type SubscriptionCacheConfig struct {
 	JitterPercent int `mapstructure:"jitter_percent"`
 }
 
+// SubscriptionMaintenanceConfig 订阅窗口维护后台任务配置。
+// 用于将“请求路径触发的维护动作”有界化，避免高并发下 goroutine 膨胀。
+type SubscriptionMaintenanceConfig struct {
+	WorkerCount int `mapstructure:"worker_count"`
+	QueueSize   int `mapstructure:"queue_size"`
+}
+
 // DashboardCacheConfig 仪表盘统计缓存配置
 type DashboardCacheConfig struct {
 	// Enabled: 是否启用仪表盘缓存
@@ -734,15 +742,6 @@ func Load() (*Config, error) {
 	cfg.Security.ResponseHeaders.ForceRemove = normalizeStringSlice(cfg.Security.ResponseHeaders.ForceRemove)
 	cfg.Security.CSP.Policy = strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Security.CSP.Policy)
 
-	if cfg.JWT.Secret == "" {
-		secret, err := generateJWTSecret(64)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("generate jwt secret error: %w", err)
-		}
-		cfg.JWT.Secret = secret
-		log.Println("Warning: JWT secret auto-generated. Consider setting a fixed secret for production.")
-	}
-
 	// Auto-generate TOTP encryption key if not set (32 bytes = 64 hex chars for AES-256)
 	cfg.Totp.EncryptionKey = strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Totp.EncryptionKey)
 	if cfg.Totp.EncryptionKey == "" {
@@ -1057,9 +1056,30 @@ func setDefaults() {
 	// Security - proxy fallback
 	viper.SetDefault("security.proxy_fallback.allow_direct_on_error", false)
 
+	// Subscription Maintenance (bounded queue + worker pool)
+	viper.SetDefault("subscription_maintenance.worker_count", 2)
+	viper.SetDefault("subscription_maintenance.queue_size", 1024)
+
 }
 
 func (c *Config) Validate() error {
+	jwtSecret := strings.TrimSpace(c.JWT.Secret)
+	if jwtSecret == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("jwt.secret is required")
+	}
+	// NOTE: 按 UTF-8 编码后的字节长度计算。
+	// 选择 bytes 而不是 rune 计数，确保二进制/随机串的长度语义更接近“熵”而非“字符数”。
+	if len([]byte(jwtSecret)) < 32 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("jwt.secret must be at least 32 bytes")
+	}
+
+	if c.SubscriptionMaintenance.WorkerCount < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("subscription_maintenance.worker_count must be non-negative")
+	}
+	if c.SubscriptionMaintenance.QueueSize < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("subscription_maintenance.queue_size must be non-negative")
+	}
+
 	// Gemini OAuth 配置校验：client_id 与 client_secret 必须同时设置或同时留空。
 	// 留空时表示使用内置的 Gemini CLI OAuth 客户端（其 client_secret 通过环境变量注入）。
 	geminiClientID := strings.TrimSpace(c.Gemini.OAuth.ClientID)

backend/internal/config/config_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/viper"
 )
 
+func resetViperWithJWTSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	viper.Reset()
+	t.Setenv("JWT_SECRET", strings.Repeat("x", 32))
+}
+
 func TestNormalizeRunMode(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		input    string
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@ func TestNormalizeRunMode(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLoadDefaultSchedulingConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -57,7 +63,7 @@ func TestLoadDefaultSchedulingConfig(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLoadSchedulingConfigFromEnv(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 	t.Setenv("GATEWAY_SCHEDULING_STICKY_SESSION_MAX_WAITING", "5")
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
@@ -71,7 +77,7 @@ func TestLoadSchedulingConfigFromEnv(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLoadDefaultSecurityToggles(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -93,7 +99,7 @@ func TestLoadDefaultSecurityToggles(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLoadDefaultServerMode(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -106,7 +112,7 @@ func TestLoadDefaultServerMode(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLoadDefaultDatabaseSSLMode(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -119,7 +125,7 @@ func TestLoadDefaultDatabaseSSLMode(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestValidateLinuxDoFrontendRedirectURL(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -144,7 +150,7 @@ func TestValidateLinuxDoFrontendRedirectURL(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestValidateLinuxDoPKCERequiredForPublicClient(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -169,7 +175,7 @@ func TestValidateLinuxDoPKCERequiredForPublicClient(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLoadDefaultDashboardCacheConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -194,7 +200,7 @@ func TestLoadDefaultDashboardCacheConfig(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestValidateDashboardCacheConfigEnabled(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -214,7 +220,7 @@ func TestValidateDashboardCacheConfigEnabled(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestValidateDashboardCacheConfigDisabled(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -233,7 +239,7 @@ func TestValidateDashboardCacheConfigDisabled(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLoadDefaultDashboardAggregationConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -270,7 +276,7 @@ func TestLoadDefaultDashboardAggregationConfig(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestValidateDashboardAggregationConfigDisabled(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -289,7 +295,7 @@ func TestValidateDashboardAggregationConfigDisabled(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestValidateDashboardAggregationBackfillMaxDays(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -308,7 +314,7 @@ func TestValidateDashboardAggregationBackfillMaxDays(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLoadDefaultUsageCleanupConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -333,7 +339,7 @@ func TestLoadDefaultUsageCleanupConfig(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestValidateUsageCleanupConfigEnabled(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -352,7 +358,7 @@ func TestValidateUsageCleanupConfigEnabled(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestValidateUsageCleanupConfigDisabled(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -451,7 +457,7 @@ func TestValidateAbsoluteHTTPURL(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestValidateServerFrontendURL(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -505,6 +511,7 @@ func TestValidateFrontendRedirectURL(t *testing.T) {
 func TestWarnIfInsecureURL(t *testing.T) {
 	warnIfInsecureURL("test", "http://example.com")
 	warnIfInsecureURL("test", "bad://url")
+	warnIfInsecureURL("test", "://invalid")
 }
 
 func TestGenerateJWTSecretDefaultLength(t *testing.T) {
@@ -518,7 +525,7 @@ func TestGenerateJWTSecretDefaultLength(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestValidateOpsCleanupScheduleRequired(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -536,7 +543,7 @@ func TestValidateOpsCleanupScheduleRequired(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestValidateConcurrencyPingInterval(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -553,14 +560,14 @@ func TestValidateConcurrencyPingInterval(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestProvideConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 	if _, err := ProvideConfig(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("ProvideConfig() error: %v", err)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestValidateConfigWithLinuxDoEnabled(t *testing.T) {
-	viper.Reset()
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 
 	cfg, err := Load()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -604,6 +611,24 @@ func TestGenerateJWTSecretWithLength(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDatabaseDSNWithTimezone_WithPassword(t *testing.T) {
+	d := &DatabaseConfig{
+		Host:     "localhost",
+		Port:     5432,
+		User:     "u",
+		Password: "p",
+		DBName:   "db",
+		SSLMode:  "prefer",
+	}
+	got := d.DSNWithTimezone("UTC")
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "password=p") {
+		t.Fatalf("DSNWithTimezone should include password: %q", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "TimeZone=UTC") {
+		t.Fatalf("DSNWithTimezone should include TimeZone=UTC: %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestValidateAbsoluteHTTPURLMissingHost(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := ValidateAbsoluteHTTPURL("https://"); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("ValidateAbsoluteHTTPURL should reject missing host")
@@ -626,10 +651,35 @@ func TestWarnIfInsecureURLHTTPS(t *testing.T) {
 	warnIfInsecureURL("secure", "https://example.com")
 }
 
+func TestValidateJWTSecret_UTF8Bytes(t *testing.T) {
+	resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
+	cfg, err := Load()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Load() error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// 31 bytes (< 32) even though it's 31 characters.
+	cfg.JWT.Secret = strings.Repeat("a", 31)
+	err = cfg.Validate()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Validate() should reject 31-byte secret")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "at least 32 bytes") {
+		t.Fatalf("Validate() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// 32 bytes OK.
+	cfg.JWT.Secret = strings.Repeat("a", 32)
+	err = cfg.Validate()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Validate() should accept 32-byte secret: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestValidateConfigErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	buildValid := func(t *testing.T) *Config {
 		t.Helper()
-		viper.Reset()
+		resetViperWithJWTSecret(t)
 		cfg, err := Load()
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Load() error: %v", err)
@@ -642,6 +692,26 @@ func TestValidateConfigErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		mutate  func(*Config)
 		wantErr string
 	}{
+		{
+			name:    "jwt secret required",
+			mutate:  func(c *Config) { c.JWT.Secret = "" },
+			wantErr: "jwt.secret is required",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "jwt secret min bytes",
+			mutate:  func(c *Config) { c.JWT.Secret = strings.Repeat("a", 31) },
+			wantErr: "jwt.secret must be at least 32 bytes",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "subscription maintenance worker_count non-negative",
+			mutate:  func(c *Config) { c.SubscriptionMaintenance.WorkerCount = -1 },
+			wantErr: "subscription_maintenance.worker_count",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "subscription maintenance queue_size non-negative",
+			mutate:  func(c *Config) { c.SubscriptionMaintenance.QueueSize = -1 },
+			wantErr: "subscription_maintenance.queue_size",
+		},
 		{
 			name:    "jwt expire hour positive",
 			mutate:  func(c *Config) { c.JWT.ExpireHour = 0 },

backend/internal/server/middleware/admin_auth.go

@@ -58,8 +58,13 @@ func adminAuth(
 		authHeader := c.GetHeader("Authorization")
 		if authHeader != "" {
 			parts := strings.SplitN(authHeader, " ", 2)
-			if len(parts) == 2 && parts[0] == "Bearer" {
-				if !validateJWTForAdmin(c, parts[1], authService, userService) {
+			if len(parts) == 2 && strings.EqualFold(parts[0], "Bearer") {
+				token := strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
+				if token == "" {
+					AbortWithError(c, 401, "UNAUTHORIZED", "Authorization required")
+					return
+				}
+				if !validateJWTForAdmin(c, token, authService, userService) {
 					return
 				}
 				c.Next()

backend/internal/server/middleware/api_key_auth.go

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ func apiKeyAuthWithSubscription(apiKeyService *service.APIKeyService, subscripti
 		if authHeader != "" {
 			// 验证Bearer scheme
 			parts := strings.SplitN(authHeader, " ", 2)
-			if len(parts) == 2 && parts[0] == "Bearer" {
-				apiKeyString = parts[1]
+			if len(parts) == 2 && strings.EqualFold(parts[0], "Bearer") {
+				apiKeyString = strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ func apiKeyAuthWithSubscription(apiKeyService *service.APIKeyService, subscripti
 			// 传递独立拷贝，避免与 handler 读取 context 中的 subscription 产生 data race
 			if needsMaintenance {
 				maintenanceCopy := *subscription
-				go subscriptionService.DoWindowMaintenance(&maintenanceCopy)
+				subscriptionService.DoWindowMaintenance(&maintenanceCopy)
 			}
 		} else {
 			// 余额模式：检查用户余额

backend/internal/server/middleware/api_key_auth_test.go

@@ -57,6 +57,57 @@ func TestSimpleModeBypassesQuotaCheck(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
+	t.Run("standard_mode_needs_maintenance_does_not_block_request", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cfg := &config.Config{RunMode: config.RunModeStandard}
+		cfg.SubscriptionMaintenance.WorkerCount = 1
+		cfg.SubscriptionMaintenance.QueueSize = 1
+
+		apiKeyService := service.NewAPIKeyService(apiKeyRepo, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg)
+
+		past := time.Now().Add(-48 * time.Hour)
+		sub := &service.UserSubscription{
+			ID:               55,
+			UserID:           user.ID,
+			GroupID:          group.ID,
+			Status:           service.SubscriptionStatusActive,
+			ExpiresAt:        time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+			DailyWindowStart: &past,
+			DailyUsageUSD:    0,
+		}
+		maintenanceCalled := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+		subscriptionRepo := &stubUserSubscriptionRepo{
+			getActive: func(ctx context.Context, userID, groupID int64) (*service.UserSubscription, error) {
+				clone := *sub
+				return &clone, nil
+			},
+			updateStatus:   func(ctx context.Context, subscriptionID int64, status string) error { return nil },
+			activateWindow: func(ctx context.Context, id int64, start time.Time) error { return nil },
+			resetDaily: func(ctx context.Context, id int64, start time.Time) error {
+				maintenanceCalled <- struct{}{}
+				return nil
+			},
+			resetWeekly:  func(ctx context.Context, id int64, start time.Time) error { return nil },
+			resetMonthly: func(ctx context.Context, id int64, start time.Time) error { return nil },
+		}
+		subscriptionService := service.NewSubscriptionService(nil, subscriptionRepo, nil, nil, cfg)
+		t.Cleanup(subscriptionService.Stop)
+
+		router := newAuthTestRouter(apiKeyService, subscriptionService, cfg)
+
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/t", nil)
+		req.Header.Set("x-api-key", apiKey.Key)
+		router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+		select {
+		case <-maintenanceCalled:
+			// ok
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Fatalf("expected maintenance to be scheduled")
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("simple_mode_bypasses_quota_check", func(t *testing.T) {
 		cfg := &config.Config{RunMode: config.RunModeSimple}
 		apiKeyService := service.NewAPIKeyService(apiKeyRepo, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg)
@@ -71,6 +122,20 @@ func TestSimpleModeBypassesQuotaCheck(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
 	})
 
+	t.Run("simple_mode_accepts_lowercase_bearer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cfg := &config.Config{RunMode: config.RunModeSimple}
+		apiKeyService := service.NewAPIKeyService(apiKeyRepo, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg)
+		subscriptionService := service.NewSubscriptionService(nil, &stubUserSubscriptionRepo{}, nil, nil, cfg)
+		router := newAuthTestRouter(apiKeyService, subscriptionService, cfg)
+
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/t", nil)
+		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "bearer "+apiKey.Key)
+		router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+	})
+
 	t.Run("standard_mode_enforces_quota_check", func(t *testing.T) {
 		cfg := &config.Config{RunMode: config.RunModeStandard}
 		apiKeyService := service.NewAPIKeyService(apiKeyRepo, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg)

backend/internal/server/middleware/jwt_auth.go

@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ func jwtAuth(authService *service.AuthService, userService *service.UserService)
 
 		// 验证Bearer scheme
 		parts := strings.SplitN(authHeader, " ", 2)
-		if len(parts) != 2 || parts[0] != "Bearer" {
+		if len(parts) != 2 || !strings.EqualFold(parts[0], "Bearer") {
 			AbortWithError(c, 401, "INVALID_AUTH_HEADER", "Authorization header format must be 'Bearer {token}'")
 			return
 		}
 
-		tokenString := parts[1]
+		tokenString := strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
 		if tokenString == "" {
 			AbortWithError(c, 401, "EMPTY_TOKEN", "Token cannot be empty")
 			return

backend/internal/server/middleware/jwt_auth_test.go

@@ -84,6 +84,28 @@ func TestJWTAuth_ValidToken(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "user", body["role"])
 }
 
+func TestJWTAuth_ValidToken_LowercaseBearer(t *testing.T) {
+	user := &service.User{
+		ID:           1,
+		Email:        "test@example.com",
+		Role:         "user",
+		Status:       service.StatusActive,
+		Concurrency:  5,
+		TokenVersion: 1,
+	}
+	router, authSvc := newJWTTestEnv(map[int64]*service.User{1: user})
+
+	token, err := authSvc.GenerateToken(user)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/protected", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "bearer "+token)
+	router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+}
+
 func TestJWTAuth_MissingAuthorizationHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	router, _ := newJWTTestEnv(nil)
 

backend/internal/server/middleware/misc_coverage_test.go

+//go:build unit
+
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/ctxkey"
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestClientRequestID_GeneratesWhenMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(ClientRequestID())
+	r.GET("/t", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		v := c.Request.Context().Value(ctxkey.ClientRequestID)
+		require.NotNil(t, v)
+		id, ok := v.(string)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, id)
+		c.Status(http.StatusOK)
+	})
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/t", nil)
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestClientRequestID_PreservesExisting(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(ClientRequestID())
+	r.GET("/t", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		id, ok := c.Request.Context().Value(ctxkey.ClientRequestID).(string)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		require.Equal(t, "keep", id)
+		c.Status(http.StatusOK)
+	})
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/t", nil)
+	req = req.WithContext(context.WithValue(req.Context(), ctxkey.ClientRequestID, "keep"))
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestRequestBodyLimit_LimitsBody(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(RequestBodyLimit(4))
+	r.POST("/t", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		_, err := io.ReadAll(c.Request.Body)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		c.Status(http.StatusOK)
+	})
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/t", bytes.NewBufferString("12345"))
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestForcePlatform_SetsContextAndGinValue(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(ForcePlatform("anthropic"))
+	r.GET("/t", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		require.True(t, HasForcePlatform(c))
+		v, ok := GetForcePlatformFromContext(c)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		require.Equal(t, "anthropic", v)
+
+		ctxV := c.Request.Context().Value(ctxkey.ForcePlatform)
+		require.Equal(t, "anthropic", ctxV)
+		c.Status(http.StatusOK)
+	})
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/t", nil)
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestAuthSubjectHelpers_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &gin.Context{}
+	c.Set(string(ContextKeyUser), AuthSubject{UserID: 1, Concurrency: 2})
+	c.Set(string(ContextKeyUserRole), "admin")
+
+	sub, ok := GetAuthSubjectFromContext(c)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), sub.UserID)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, sub.Concurrency)
+
+	role, ok := GetUserRoleFromContext(c)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, "admin", role)
+}
+
+func TestAPIKeyAndSubscriptionFromContext(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &gin.Context{}
+
+	key := &service.APIKey{ID: 1}
+	c.Set(string(ContextKeyAPIKey), key)
+	gotKey, ok := GetAPIKeyFromContext(c)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), gotKey.ID)
+
+	sub := &service.UserSubscription{ID: 2}
+	c.Set(string(ContextKeySubscription), sub)
+	gotSub, ok := GetSubscriptionFromContext(c)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(2), gotSub.ID)
+}

backend/internal/service/subscription_maintenance_queue.go

+package service
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// SubscriptionMaintenanceQueue 提供“有界队列 + 固定 worker”的后台执行器。
+// 用于从请求热路径触发维护动作时，避免无限 goroutine 膨胀。
+type SubscriptionMaintenanceQueue struct {
+	queue chan func()
+	wg    sync.WaitGroup
+	stop  sync.Once
+}
+
+func NewSubscriptionMaintenanceQueue(workerCount, queueSize int) *SubscriptionMaintenanceQueue {
+	if workerCount <= 0 {
+		workerCount = 1
+	}
+	if queueSize <= 0 {
+		queueSize = 1
+	}
+
+	q := &SubscriptionMaintenanceQueue{
+		queue: make(chan func(), queueSize),
+	}
+
+	q.wg.Add(workerCount)
+	for i := 0; i < workerCount; i++ {
+		go func(workerID int) {
+			defer q.wg.Done()
+			for fn := range q.queue {
+				func() {
+					defer func() {
+						if r := recover(); r != nil {
+							log.Printf("SubscriptionMaintenance worker panic: %v", r)
+						}
+					}()
+					fn()
+				}()
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	return q
+}
+
+// TryEnqueue 尝试将任务入队。
+// 当队列已满时返回 error（调用方应该选择跳过并记录告警/限频日志）。
+func (q *SubscriptionMaintenanceQueue) TryEnqueue(task func()) error {
+	if q == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("maintenance queue is nil")
+	}
+	if task == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("maintenance task is nil")
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case q.queue <- task:
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("maintenance queue full")
+	}
+}
+
+func (q *SubscriptionMaintenanceQueue) Stop() {
+	if q == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	q.stop.Do(func() {
+		close(q.queue)
+		q.wg.Wait()
+	})
+}

backend/internal/service/subscription_maintenance_queue_test.go

+//go:build unit
+
+package service
+
+import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSubscriptionMaintenanceQueue_TryEnqueue_QueueFull(t *testing.T) {
+	q := NewSubscriptionMaintenanceQueue(1, 1)
+	t.Cleanup(q.Stop)
+
+	block := make(chan struct{})
+	var started atomic.Int32
+
+	require.NoError(t, q.TryEnqueue(func() {
+		started.Store(1)
+		<-block
+	}))
+
+	// Wait until worker started consuming the first task.
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool { return started.Load() == 1 }, time.Second, 10*time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Queue size is 1; with the worker blocked, enqueueing one more should fill it.
+	require.NoError(t, q.TryEnqueue(func() {}))
+
+	// Now the queue is full; next enqueue must fail.
+	err := q.TryEnqueue(func() {})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "full")
+
+	close(block)
+}
+
+func TestSubscriptionMaintenanceQueue_TryEnqueue_PanicDoesNotKillWorker(t *testing.T) {
+	q := NewSubscriptionMaintenanceQueue(1, 8)
+	t.Cleanup(q.Stop)
+
+	require.NoError(t, q.TryEnqueue(func() { panic("boom") }))
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	require.NoError(t, q.TryEnqueue(func() { close(done) }))
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		// ok
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatalf("worker did not continue after panic")
+	}
+}

backend/internal/service/subscription_service.go

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ type SubscriptionService struct {
 	subCacheGroup  singleflight.Group
 	subCacheTTL    time.Duration
 	subCacheJitter int // 抖动百分比
+
+	maintenanceQueue *SubscriptionMaintenanceQueue
 }
 
 // NewSubscriptionService 创建订阅服务
@@ -59,9 +61,31 @@ func NewSubscriptionService(groupRepo GroupRepository, userSubRepo UserSubscript
 		entClient:           entClient,
 	}
 	svc.initSubCache(cfg)
+	svc.initMaintenanceQueue(cfg)
 	return svc
 }
 
+func (s *SubscriptionService) initMaintenanceQueue(cfg *config.Config) {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	mc := cfg.SubscriptionMaintenance
+	if mc.WorkerCount <= 0 || mc.QueueSize <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	s.maintenanceQueue = NewSubscriptionMaintenanceQueue(mc.WorkerCount, mc.QueueSize)
+}
+
+// Stop stops the maintenance worker pool.
+func (s *SubscriptionService) Stop() {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if s.maintenanceQueue != nil {
+		s.maintenanceQueue.Stop()
+	}
+}
+
 // initSubCache 初始化订阅 L1 缓存
 func (s *SubscriptionService) initSubCache(cfg *config.Config) {
 	if cfg == nil {
@@ -720,6 +744,23 @@ func (s *SubscriptionService) ValidateAndCheckLimits(sub *UserSubscription, grou
 // 而 IsExpired()=true 的订阅在 ValidateAndCheckLimits 中已被拦截返回错误，
 // 因此进入此方法的订阅一定未过期，无需处理过期状态同步。
 func (s *SubscriptionService) DoWindowMaintenance(sub *UserSubscription) {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if s.maintenanceQueue != nil {
+		err := s.maintenanceQueue.TryEnqueue(func() {
+			s.doWindowMaintenance(sub)
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("Subscription maintenance enqueue failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	s.doWindowMaintenance(sub)
+}
+
+func (s *SubscriptionService) doWindowMaintenance(sub *UserSubscription) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()