feat(registration): add email domain whitelist policy

backend/internal/handler/admin/setting_handler.go

@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ func (h *SettingHandler) GetSettings(c *gin.Context) {
 	response.Success(c, dto.SystemSettings{
 		RegistrationEnabled:                  settings.RegistrationEnabled,
 		EmailVerifyEnabled:                   settings.EmailVerifyEnabled,
+		RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist:     settings.RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist,
 		PromoCodeEnabled:                     settings.PromoCodeEnabled,
 		PasswordResetEnabled:                 settings.PasswordResetEnabled,
 		InvitationCodeEnabled:                settings.InvitationCodeEnabled,
@@ -130,12 +131,13 @@ func (h *SettingHandler) GetSettings(c *gin.Context) {
 // UpdateSettingsRequest 更新设置请求
 type UpdateSettingsRequest struct {
 	// 注册设置
-	RegistrationEnabled   bool `json:"registration_enabled"`
-	EmailVerifyEnabled    bool `json:"email_verify_enabled"`
-	PromoCodeEnabled      bool `json:"promo_code_enabled"`
-	PasswordResetEnabled  bool `json:"password_reset_enabled"`
-	InvitationCodeEnabled bool `json:"invitation_code_enabled"`
-	TotpEnabled           bool `json:"totp_enabled"` // TOTP 双因素认证
+	RegistrationEnabled              bool     `json:"registration_enabled"`
+	EmailVerifyEnabled               bool     `json:"email_verify_enabled"`
+	RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist []string `json:"registration_email_suffix_whitelist"`
+	PromoCodeEnabled                 bool     `json:"promo_code_enabled"`
+	PasswordResetEnabled             bool     `json:"password_reset_enabled"`
+	InvitationCodeEnabled            bool     `json:"invitation_code_enabled"`
+	TotpEnabled                      bool     `json:"totp_enabled"` // TOTP 双因素认证
 
 	// 邮件服务设置
 	SMTPHost     string `json:"smtp_host"`
@@ -426,50 +428,51 @@ func (h *SettingHandler) UpdateSettings(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	settings := &service.SystemSettings{
-		RegistrationEnabled:         req.RegistrationEnabled,
-		EmailVerifyEnabled:          req.EmailVerifyEnabled,
-		PromoCodeEnabled:            req.PromoCodeEnabled,
-		PasswordResetEnabled:        req.PasswordResetEnabled,
-		InvitationCodeEnabled:       req.InvitationCodeEnabled,
-		TotpEnabled:                 req.TotpEnabled,
-		SMTPHost:                    req.SMTPHost,
-		SMTPPort:                    req.SMTPPort,
-		SMTPUsername:                req.SMTPUsername,
-		SMTPPassword:                req.SMTPPassword,
-		SMTPFrom:                    req.SMTPFrom,
-		SMTPFromName:                req.SMTPFromName,
-		SMTPUseTLS:                  req.SMTPUseTLS,
-		TurnstileEnabled:            req.TurnstileEnabled,
-		TurnstileSiteKey:            req.TurnstileSiteKey,
-		TurnstileSecretKey:          req.TurnstileSecretKey,
-		LinuxDoConnectEnabled:       req.LinuxDoConnectEnabled,
-		LinuxDoConnectClientID:      req.LinuxDoConnectClientID,
-		LinuxDoConnectClientSecret:  req.LinuxDoConnectClientSecret,
-		LinuxDoConnectRedirectURL:   req.LinuxDoConnectRedirectURL,
-		SiteName:                    req.SiteName,
-		SiteLogo:                    req.SiteLogo,
-		SiteSubtitle:                req.SiteSubtitle,
-		APIBaseURL:                  req.APIBaseURL,
-		ContactInfo:                 req.ContactInfo,
-		DocURL:                      req.DocURL,
-		HomeContent:                 req.HomeContent,
-		HideCcsImportButton:         req.HideCcsImportButton,
-		PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled: purchaseEnabled,
-		PurchaseSubscriptionURL:     purchaseURL,
-		SoraClientEnabled:           req.SoraClientEnabled,
-		CustomMenuItems:             customMenuJSON,
-		DefaultConcurrency:          req.DefaultConcurrency,
-		DefaultBalance:              req.DefaultBalance,
-		DefaultSubscriptions:        defaultSubscriptions,
-		EnableModelFallback:         req.EnableModelFallback,
-		FallbackModelAnthropic:      req.FallbackModelAnthropic,
-		FallbackModelOpenAI:         req.FallbackModelOpenAI,
-		FallbackModelGemini:         req.FallbackModelGemini,
-		FallbackModelAntigravity:    req.FallbackModelAntigravity,
-		EnableIdentityPatch:         req.EnableIdentityPatch,
-		IdentityPatchPrompt:         req.IdentityPatchPrompt,
-		MinClaudeCodeVersion:        req.MinClaudeCodeVersion,
-		AllowUngroupedKeyScheduling: req.AllowUngroupedKeyScheduling,
+		RegistrationEnabled:              req.RegistrationEnabled,
+		EmailVerifyEnabled:               req.EmailVerifyEnabled,
+		RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist: req.RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist,
+		PromoCodeEnabled:                 req.PromoCodeEnabled,
+		PasswordResetEnabled:             req.PasswordResetEnabled,
+		InvitationCodeEnabled:            req.InvitationCodeEnabled,
+		TotpEnabled:                      req.TotpEnabled,
+		SMTPHost:                         req.SMTPHost,
+		SMTPPort:                         req.SMTPPort,
+		SMTPUsername:                     req.SMTPUsername,
+		SMTPPassword:                     req.SMTPPassword,
+		SMTPFrom:                         req.SMTPFrom,
+		SMTPFromName:                     req.SMTPFromName,
+		SMTPUseTLS:                       req.SMTPUseTLS,
+		TurnstileEnabled:                 req.TurnstileEnabled,
+		TurnstileSiteKey:                 req.TurnstileSiteKey,
+		TurnstileSecretKey:               req.TurnstileSecretKey,
+		LinuxDoConnectEnabled:            req.LinuxDoConnectEnabled,
+		LinuxDoConnectClientID:           req.LinuxDoConnectClientID,
+		LinuxDoConnectClientSecret:       req.LinuxDoConnectClientSecret,
+		LinuxDoConnectRedirectURL:        req.LinuxDoConnectRedirectURL,
+		SiteName:                         req.SiteName,
+		SiteLogo:                         req.SiteLogo,
+		SiteSubtitle:                     req.SiteSubtitle,
+		APIBaseURL:                       req.APIBaseURL,
+		ContactInfo:                      req.ContactInfo,
+		DocURL:                           req.DocURL,
+		HomeContent:                      req.HomeContent,
+		HideCcsImportButton:              req.HideCcsImportButton,
+		PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled:      purchaseEnabled,
+		PurchaseSubscriptionURL:          purchaseURL,
+		SoraClientEnabled:                req.SoraClientEnabled,
+		CustomMenuItems:                  customMenuJSON,
+		DefaultConcurrency:               req.DefaultConcurrency,
+		DefaultBalance:                   req.DefaultBalance,
+		DefaultSubscriptions:             defaultSubscriptions,
+		EnableModelFallback:              req.EnableModelFallback,
+		FallbackModelAnthropic:           req.FallbackModelAnthropic,
+		FallbackModelOpenAI:              req.FallbackModelOpenAI,
+		FallbackModelGemini:              req.FallbackModelGemini,
+		FallbackModelAntigravity:         req.FallbackModelAntigravity,
+		EnableIdentityPatch:              req.EnableIdentityPatch,
+		IdentityPatchPrompt:              req.IdentityPatchPrompt,
+		MinClaudeCodeVersion:             req.MinClaudeCodeVersion,
+		AllowUngroupedKeyScheduling:      req.AllowUngroupedKeyScheduling,
 		OpsMonitoringEnabled: func() bool {
 			if req.OpsMonitoringEnabled != nil {
 				return *req.OpsMonitoringEnabled
@@ -520,6 +523,7 @@ func (h *SettingHandler) UpdateSettings(c *gin.Context) {
 	response.Success(c, dto.SystemSettings{
 		RegistrationEnabled:                  updatedSettings.RegistrationEnabled,
 		EmailVerifyEnabled:                   updatedSettings.EmailVerifyEnabled,
+		RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist:     updatedSettings.RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist,
 		PromoCodeEnabled:                     updatedSettings.PromoCodeEnabled,
 		PasswordResetEnabled:                 updatedSettings.PasswordResetEnabled,
 		InvitationCodeEnabled:                updatedSettings.InvitationCodeEnabled,
@@ -598,6 +602,9 @@ func diffSettings(before *service.SystemSettings, after *service.SystemSettings,
 	if before.EmailVerifyEnabled != after.EmailVerifyEnabled {
 		changed = append(changed, "email_verify_enabled")
 	}
+	if !equalStringSlice(before.RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist, after.RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist) {
+		changed = append(changed, "registration_email_suffix_whitelist")
+	}
 	if before.PasswordResetEnabled != after.PasswordResetEnabled {
 		changed = append(changed, "password_reset_enabled")
 	}
@@ -747,6 +754,18 @@ func normalizeDefaultSubscriptions(input []dto.DefaultSubscriptionSetting) []dto
 	return normalized
 }
 
+func equalStringSlice(a, b []string) bool {
+	if len(a) != len(b) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := range a {
+		if a[i] != b[i] {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 func equalDefaultSubscriptions(a, b []service.DefaultSubscriptionSetting) bool {
 	if len(a) != len(b) {
 		return false

backend/internal/handler/dto/settings.go

@@ -17,13 +17,14 @@ type CustomMenuItem struct {
 
 // SystemSettings represents the admin settings API response payload.
 type SystemSettings struct {
-	RegistrationEnabled         bool `json:"registration_enabled"`
-	EmailVerifyEnabled          bool `json:"email_verify_enabled"`
-	PromoCodeEnabled            bool `json:"promo_code_enabled"`
-	PasswordResetEnabled        bool `json:"password_reset_enabled"`
-	InvitationCodeEnabled       bool `json:"invitation_code_enabled"`
-	TotpEnabled                 bool `json:"totp_enabled"`                   // TOTP 双因素认证
-	TotpEncryptionKeyConfigured bool `json:"totp_encryption_key_configured"` // TOTP 加密密钥是否已配置
+	RegistrationEnabled              bool     `json:"registration_enabled"`
+	EmailVerifyEnabled               bool     `json:"email_verify_enabled"`
+	RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist []string `json:"registration_email_suffix_whitelist"`
+	PromoCodeEnabled                 bool     `json:"promo_code_enabled"`
+	PasswordResetEnabled             bool     `json:"password_reset_enabled"`
+	InvitationCodeEnabled            bool     `json:"invitation_code_enabled"`
+	TotpEnabled                      bool     `json:"totp_enabled"`                   // TOTP 双因素认证
+	TotpEncryptionKeyConfigured      bool     `json:"totp_encryption_key_configured"` // TOTP 加密密钥是否已配置
 
 	SMTPHost               string `json:"smtp_host"`
 	SMTPPort               int    `json:"smtp_port"`
@@ -88,28 +89,29 @@ type DefaultSubscriptionSetting struct {
 }
 
 type PublicSettings struct {
-	RegistrationEnabled         bool             `json:"registration_enabled"`
-	EmailVerifyEnabled          bool             `json:"email_verify_enabled"`
-	PromoCodeEnabled            bool             `json:"promo_code_enabled"`
-	PasswordResetEnabled        bool             `json:"password_reset_enabled"`
-	InvitationCodeEnabled       bool             `json:"invitation_code_enabled"`
-	TotpEnabled                 bool             `json:"totp_enabled"` // TOTP 双因素认证
-	TurnstileEnabled            bool             `json:"turnstile_enabled"`
-	TurnstileSiteKey            string           `json:"turnstile_site_key"`
-	SiteName                    string           `json:"site_name"`
-	SiteLogo                    string           `json:"site_logo"`
-	SiteSubtitle                string           `json:"site_subtitle"`
-	APIBaseURL                  string           `json:"api_base_url"`
-	ContactInfo                 string           `json:"contact_info"`
-	DocURL                      string           `json:"doc_url"`
-	HomeContent                 string           `json:"home_content"`
-	HideCcsImportButton         bool             `json:"hide_ccs_import_button"`
-	PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled bool             `json:"purchase_subscription_enabled"`
-	PurchaseSubscriptionURL     string           `json:"purchase_subscription_url"`
-	CustomMenuItems             []CustomMenuItem `json:"custom_menu_items"`
-	LinuxDoOAuthEnabled         bool             `json:"linuxdo_oauth_enabled"`
-	SoraClientEnabled           bool             `json:"sora_client_enabled"`
-	Version                     string           `json:"version"`
+	RegistrationEnabled              bool             `json:"registration_enabled"`
+	EmailVerifyEnabled               bool             `json:"email_verify_enabled"`
+	RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist []string         `json:"registration_email_suffix_whitelist"`
+	PromoCodeEnabled                 bool             `json:"promo_code_enabled"`
+	PasswordResetEnabled             bool             `json:"password_reset_enabled"`
+	InvitationCodeEnabled            bool             `json:"invitation_code_enabled"`
+	TotpEnabled                      bool             `json:"totp_enabled"` // TOTP 双因素认证
+	TurnstileEnabled                 bool             `json:"turnstile_enabled"`
+	TurnstileSiteKey                 string           `json:"turnstile_site_key"`
+	SiteName                         string           `json:"site_name"`
+	SiteLogo                         string           `json:"site_logo"`
+	SiteSubtitle                     string           `json:"site_subtitle"`
+	APIBaseURL                       string           `json:"api_base_url"`
+	ContactInfo                      string           `json:"contact_info"`
+	DocURL                           string           `json:"doc_url"`
+	HomeContent                      string           `json:"home_content"`
+	HideCcsImportButton              bool             `json:"hide_ccs_import_button"`
+	PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled      bool             `json:"purchase_subscription_enabled"`
+	PurchaseSubscriptionURL          string           `json:"purchase_subscription_url"`
+	CustomMenuItems                  []CustomMenuItem `json:"custom_menu_items"`
+	LinuxDoOAuthEnabled              bool             `json:"linuxdo_oauth_enabled"`
+	SoraClientEnabled                bool             `json:"sora_client_enabled"`
+	Version                          string           `json:"version"`
 }
 
 // SoraS3Settings Sora S3 存储配置 DTO（响应用，不含敏感字段）

backend/internal/handler/setting_handler.go

@@ -32,27 +32,28 @@ func (h *SettingHandler) GetPublicSettings(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	response.Success(c, dto.PublicSettings{
-		RegistrationEnabled:         settings.RegistrationEnabled,
-		EmailVerifyEnabled:          settings.EmailVerifyEnabled,
-		PromoCodeEnabled:            settings.PromoCodeEnabled,
-		PasswordResetEnabled:        settings.PasswordResetEnabled,
-		InvitationCodeEnabled:       settings.InvitationCodeEnabled,
-		TotpEnabled:                 settings.TotpEnabled,
-		TurnstileEnabled:            settings.TurnstileEnabled,
-		TurnstileSiteKey:            settings.TurnstileSiteKey,
-		SiteName:                    settings.SiteName,
-		SiteLogo:                    settings.SiteLogo,
-		SiteSubtitle:                settings.SiteSubtitle,
-		APIBaseURL:                  settings.APIBaseURL,
-		ContactInfo:                 settings.ContactInfo,
-		DocURL:                      settings.DocURL,
-		HomeContent:                 settings.HomeContent,
-		HideCcsImportButton:         settings.HideCcsImportButton,
-		PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled: settings.PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled,
-		PurchaseSubscriptionURL:     settings.PurchaseSubscriptionURL,
-		CustomMenuItems:             dto.ParseUserVisibleMenuItems(settings.CustomMenuItems),
-		LinuxDoOAuthEnabled:         settings.LinuxDoOAuthEnabled,
-		SoraClientEnabled:           settings.SoraClientEnabled,
-		Version:                     h.version,
+		RegistrationEnabled:              settings.RegistrationEnabled,
+		EmailVerifyEnabled:               settings.EmailVerifyEnabled,
+		RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist: settings.RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist,
+		PromoCodeEnabled:                 settings.PromoCodeEnabled,
+		PasswordResetEnabled:             settings.PasswordResetEnabled,
+		InvitationCodeEnabled:            settings.InvitationCodeEnabled,
+		TotpEnabled:                      settings.TotpEnabled,
+		TurnstileEnabled:                 settings.TurnstileEnabled,
+		TurnstileSiteKey:                 settings.TurnstileSiteKey,
+		SiteName:                         settings.SiteName,
+		SiteLogo:                         settings.SiteLogo,
+		SiteSubtitle:                     settings.SiteSubtitle,
+		APIBaseURL:                       settings.APIBaseURL,
+		ContactInfo:                      settings.ContactInfo,
+		DocURL:                           settings.DocURL,
+		HomeContent:                      settings.HomeContent,
+		HideCcsImportButton:              settings.HideCcsImportButton,
+		PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled:      settings.PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled,
+		PurchaseSubscriptionURL:          settings.PurchaseSubscriptionURL,
+		CustomMenuItems:                  dto.ParseUserVisibleMenuItems(settings.CustomMenuItems),
+		LinuxDoOAuthEnabled:              settings.LinuxDoOAuthEnabled,
+		SoraClientEnabled:                settings.SoraClientEnabled,
+		Version:                          h.version,
 	})
 }

backend/internal/server/api_contract_test.go

@@ -446,9 +446,10 @@ func TestAPIContracts(t *testing.T) {
 			setup: func(t *testing.T, deps *contractDeps) {
 				t.Helper()
 				deps.settingRepo.SetAll(map[string]string{
-					service.SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled: "true",
-					service.SettingKeyEmailVerifyEnabled:  "false",
-					service.SettingKeyPromoCodeEnabled:    "true",
+					service.SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled:              "true",
+					service.SettingKeyEmailVerifyEnabled:               "false",
+					service.SettingKeyRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist: "[]",
+					service.SettingKeyPromoCodeEnabled:                 "true",
 
 					service.SettingKeySMTPHost:     "smtp.example.com",
 					service.SettingKeySMTPPort:     "587",
@@ -487,6 +488,7 @@ func TestAPIContracts(t *testing.T) {
 				"data": {
 					"registration_enabled": true,
 					"email_verify_enabled": false,
+					"registration_email_suffix_whitelist": [],
 					"promo_code_enabled": true,
 					"password_reset_enabled": false,
 					"totp_enabled": false,

backend/internal/service/auth_service.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/mail"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ var (
 	ErrRefreshTokenExpired    = infraerrors.Unauthorized("REFRESH_TOKEN_EXPIRED", "refresh token has expired")
 	ErrRefreshTokenReused     = infraerrors.Unauthorized("REFRESH_TOKEN_REUSED", "refresh token has been reused")
 	ErrEmailVerifyRequired    = infraerrors.BadRequest("EMAIL_VERIFY_REQUIRED", "email verification is required")
+	ErrEmailSuffixNotAllowed  = infraerrors.BadRequest("EMAIL_SUFFIX_NOT_ALLOWED", "email suffix is not allowed")
 	ErrRegDisabled            = infraerrors.Forbidden("REGISTRATION_DISABLED", "registration is currently disabled")
 	ErrServiceUnavailable     = infraerrors.ServiceUnavailable("SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE", "service temporarily unavailable")
 	ErrInvitationCodeRequired = infraerrors.BadRequest("INVITATION_CODE_REQUIRED", "invitation code is required")
@@ -115,6 +117,9 @@ func (s *AuthService) RegisterWithVerification(ctx context.Context, email, passw
 	if isReservedEmail(email) {
 		return "", nil, ErrEmailReserved
 	}
+	if err := s.validateRegistrationEmailPolicy(ctx, email); err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
 
 	// 检查是否需要邀请码
 	var invitationRedeemCode *RedeemCode
@@ -241,6 +246,9 @@ func (s *AuthService) SendVerifyCode(ctx context.Context, email string) error {
 	if isReservedEmail(email) {
 		return ErrEmailReserved
 	}
+	if err := s.validateRegistrationEmailPolicy(ctx, email); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	// 检查邮箱是否已存在
 	existsEmail, err := s.userRepo.ExistsByEmail(ctx, email)
@@ -279,6 +287,9 @@ func (s *AuthService) SendVerifyCodeAsync(ctx context.Context, email string) (*S
 	if isReservedEmail(email) {
 		return nil, ErrEmailReserved
 	}
+	if err := s.validateRegistrationEmailPolicy(ctx, email); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 
 	// 检查邮箱是否已存在
 	existsEmail, err := s.userRepo.ExistsByEmail(ctx, email)
@@ -624,6 +635,32 @@ func (s *AuthService) assignDefaultSubscriptions(ctx context.Context, userID int
 	}
 }
 
+func (s *AuthService) validateRegistrationEmailPolicy(ctx context.Context, email string) error {
+	if s.settingService == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	whitelist := s.settingService.GetRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(ctx)
+	if !IsRegistrationEmailSuffixAllowed(email, whitelist) {
+		return buildEmailSuffixNotAllowedError(whitelist)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func buildEmailSuffixNotAllowedError(whitelist []string) error {
+	if len(whitelist) == 0 {
+		return ErrEmailSuffixNotAllowed
+	}
+
+	allowed := strings.Join(whitelist, ", ")
+	return infraerrors.BadRequest(
+		"EMAIL_SUFFIX_NOT_ALLOWED",
+		fmt.Sprintf("email suffix is not allowed, allowed suffixes: %s", allowed),
+	).WithMetadata(map[string]string{
+		"allowed_suffixes":     strings.Join(whitelist, ","),
+		"allowed_suffix_count": strconv.Itoa(len(whitelist)),
+	})
+}
+
 // ValidateToken 验证JWT token并返回用户声明
 func (s *AuthService) ValidateToken(tokenString string) (*JWTClaims, error) {
 	// 先做长度校验，尽早拒绝异常超长 token，降低 DoS 风险。

backend/internal/service/auth_service_register_test.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
+	infraerrors "github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
@@ -231,6 +232,51 @@ func TestAuthService_Register_ReservedEmail(t *testing.T) {
 	require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrEmailReserved)
 }
 
+func TestAuthService_Register_EmailSuffixNotAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &userRepoStub{}
+	service := newAuthService(repo, map[string]string{
+		SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled:              "true",
+		SettingKeyRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist: `["@example.com","@company.com"]`,
+	}, nil)
+
+	_, _, err := service.Register(context.Background(), "user@other.com", "password")
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrEmailSuffixNotAllowed)
+	appErr := infraerrors.FromError(err)
+	require.Contains(t, appErr.Message, "@example.com")
+	require.Contains(t, appErr.Message, "@company.com")
+	require.Equal(t, "EMAIL_SUFFIX_NOT_ALLOWED", appErr.Reason)
+	require.Equal(t, "2", appErr.Metadata["allowed_suffix_count"])
+	require.Equal(t, "@example.com,@company.com", appErr.Metadata["allowed_suffixes"])
+}
+
+func TestAuthService_Register_EmailSuffixAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &userRepoStub{nextID: 8}
+	service := newAuthService(repo, map[string]string{
+		SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled:              "true",
+		SettingKeyRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist: `["example.com"]`,
+	}, nil)
+
+	_, user, err := service.Register(context.Background(), "user@example.com", "password")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, user)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(8), user.ID)
+}
+
+func TestAuthService_SendVerifyCode_EmailSuffixNotAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &userRepoStub{}
+	service := newAuthService(repo, map[string]string{
+		SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled:              "true",
+		SettingKeyRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist: `["@example.com","@company.com"]`,
+	}, nil)
+
+	err := service.SendVerifyCode(context.Background(), "user@other.com")
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrEmailSuffixNotAllowed)
+	appErr := infraerrors.FromError(err)
+	require.Contains(t, appErr.Message, "@example.com")
+	require.Contains(t, appErr.Message, "@company.com")
+	require.Equal(t, "2", appErr.Metadata["allowed_suffix_count"])
+}
+
 func TestAuthService_Register_CreateError(t *testing.T) {
 	repo := &userRepoStub{createErr: errors.New("create failed")}
 	service := newAuthService(repo, map[string]string{
@@ -402,7 +448,7 @@ func TestAuthService_Register_AssignsDefaultSubscriptions(t *testing.T) {
 	repo := &userRepoStub{nextID: 42}
 	assigner := &defaultSubscriptionAssignerStub{}
 	service := newAuthService(repo, map[string]string{
-		SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled: "true",
+		SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled:  "true",
 		SettingKeyDefaultSubscriptions: `[{"group_id":11,"validity_days":30},{"group_id":12,"validity_days":7}]`,
 	}, nil)
 	service.defaultSubAssigner = assigner

backend/internal/service/domain_constants.go

@@ -74,11 +74,12 @@ const LinuxDoConnectSyntheticEmailDomain = "@linuxdo-connect.invalid"
 // Setting keys
 const (
 	// 注册设置
-	SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled   = "registration_enabled"    // 是否开放注册
-	SettingKeyEmailVerifyEnabled    = "email_verify_enabled"    // 是否开启邮件验证
-	SettingKeyPromoCodeEnabled      = "promo_code_enabled"      // 是否启用优惠码功能
-	SettingKeyPasswordResetEnabled  = "password_reset_enabled"  // 是否启用忘记密码功能（需要先开启邮件验证）
-	SettingKeyInvitationCodeEnabled = "invitation_code_enabled" // 是否启用邀请码注册
+	SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled              = "registration_enabled"                // 是否开放注册
+	SettingKeyEmailVerifyEnabled               = "email_verify_enabled"                // 是否开启邮件验证
+	SettingKeyRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist = "registration_email_suffix_whitelist" // 注册邮箱后缀白名单（JSON 数组）
+	SettingKeyPromoCodeEnabled                 = "promo_code_enabled"                  // 是否启用优惠码功能
+	SettingKeyPasswordResetEnabled             = "password_reset_enabled"              // 是否启用忘记密码功能（需要先开启邮件验证）
+	SettingKeyInvitationCodeEnabled            = "invitation_code_enabled"             // 是否启用邀请码注册
 
 	// 邮件服务设置
 	SettingKeySMTPHost     = "smtp_host"      // SMTP服务器地址

backend/internal/service/registration_email_policy.go

+package service
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+var registrationEmailDomainPattern = regexp.MustCompile(
+	`^[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9])?(?:\.[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9])?)+$`,
+)
+
+// RegistrationEmailSuffix extracts normalized suffix in "@domain" form.
+func RegistrationEmailSuffix(email string) string {
+	_, domain, ok := splitEmailForPolicy(email)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return "@" + domain
+}
+
+// IsRegistrationEmailSuffixAllowed checks whether an email is allowed by suffix whitelist.
+// Empty whitelist means allow all.
+func IsRegistrationEmailSuffixAllowed(email string, whitelist []string) bool {
+	if len(whitelist) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	suffix := RegistrationEmailSuffix(email)
+	if suffix == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, allowed := range whitelist {
+		if suffix == allowed {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// NormalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist normalizes and validates suffix whitelist items.
+func NormalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(raw []string) ([]string, error) {
+	return normalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(raw, true)
+}
+
+// ParseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist parses persisted JSON into normalized suffixes.
+// Invalid entries are ignored to keep old misconfigurations from breaking runtime reads.
+func ParseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(raw string) []string {
+	raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	if raw == "" {
+		return []string{}
+	}
+	var items []string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(raw), &items); err != nil {
+		return []string{}
+	}
+	normalized, _ := normalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(items, false)
+	if len(normalized) == 0 {
+		return []string{}
+	}
+	return normalized
+}
+
+func normalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(raw []string, strict bool) ([]string, error) {
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(raw))
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(raw))
+	for _, item := range raw {
+		normalized, err := normalizeRegistrationEmailSuffix(item)
+		if err != nil {
+			if strict {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if normalized == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := seen[normalized]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[normalized] = struct{}{}
+		out = append(out, normalized)
+	}
+
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func normalizeRegistrationEmailSuffix(raw string) (string, error) {
+	value := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(raw))
+	if value == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	domain := value
+	if strings.Contains(value, "@") {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(value, "@") || strings.Count(value, "@") != 1 {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid email suffix: %q", raw)
+		}
+		domain = strings.TrimPrefix(value, "@")
+	}
+
+	if domain == "" || strings.Contains(domain, "@") || !registrationEmailDomainPattern.MatchString(domain) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid email suffix: %q", raw)
+	}
+
+	return "@" + domain, nil
+}
+
+func splitEmailForPolicy(raw string) (local string, domain string, ok bool) {
+	email := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(raw))
+	local, domain, found := strings.Cut(email, "@")
+	if !found || local == "" || domain == "" || strings.Contains(domain, "@") {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+	return local, domain, true
+}

backend/internal/service/registration_email_policy_test.go

+//go:build unit
+
+package service
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestNormalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(t *testing.T) {
+	got, err := NormalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist([]string{"example.com", "@EXAMPLE.COM", " @foo.bar "})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"@example.com", "@foo.bar"}, got)
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := NormalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist([]string{"@invalid_domain"})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestParseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(t *testing.T) {
+	got := ParseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(`["example.com","@foo.bar","@invalid_domain"]`)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"@example.com", "@foo.bar"}, got)
+}
+
+func TestIsRegistrationEmailSuffixAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	require.True(t, IsRegistrationEmailSuffixAllowed("user@example.com", []string{"@example.com"}))
+	require.False(t, IsRegistrationEmailSuffixAllowed("user@sub.example.com", []string{"@example.com"}))
+	require.True(t, IsRegistrationEmailSuffixAllowed("user@any.com", []string{}))
+}

backend/internal/service/setting_service.go

@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ func (s *SettingService) GetPublicSettings(ctx context.Context) (*PublicSettings
 	keys := []string{
 		SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled,
 		SettingKeyEmailVerifyEnabled,
+		SettingKeyRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist,
 		SettingKeyPromoCodeEnabled,
 		SettingKeyPasswordResetEnabled,
 		SettingKeyInvitationCodeEnabled,
@@ -144,29 +145,33 @@ func (s *SettingService) GetPublicSettings(ctx context.Context) (*PublicSettings
 	// Password reset requires email verification to be enabled
 	emailVerifyEnabled := settings[SettingKeyEmailVerifyEnabled] == "true"
 	passwordResetEnabled := emailVerifyEnabled && settings[SettingKeyPasswordResetEnabled] == "true"
+	registrationEmailSuffixWhitelist := ParseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(
+		settings[SettingKeyRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist],
+	)
 
 	return &PublicSettings{
-		RegistrationEnabled:         settings[SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled] == "true",
-		EmailVerifyEnabled:          emailVerifyEnabled,
-		PromoCodeEnabled:            settings[SettingKeyPromoCodeEnabled] != "false", // 默认启用
-		PasswordResetEnabled:        passwordResetEnabled,
-		InvitationCodeEnabled:       settings[SettingKeyInvitationCodeEnabled] == "true",
-		TotpEnabled:                 settings[SettingKeyTotpEnabled] == "true",
-		TurnstileEnabled:            settings[SettingKeyTurnstileEnabled] == "true",
-		TurnstileSiteKey:            settings[SettingKeyTurnstileSiteKey],
-		SiteName:                    s.getStringOrDefault(settings, SettingKeySiteName, "Sub2API"),
-		SiteLogo:                    settings[SettingKeySiteLogo],
-		SiteSubtitle:                s.getStringOrDefault(settings, SettingKeySiteSubtitle, "Subscription to API Conversion Platform"),
-		APIBaseURL:                  settings[SettingKeyAPIBaseURL],
-		ContactInfo:                 settings[SettingKeyContactInfo],
-		DocURL:                      settings[SettingKeyDocURL],
-		HomeContent:                 settings[SettingKeyHomeContent],
-		HideCcsImportButton:         settings[SettingKeyHideCcsImportButton] == "true",
-		PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled: settings[SettingKeyPurchaseSubscriptionEnabled] == "true",
-		PurchaseSubscriptionURL:     strings.TrimSpace(settings[SettingKeyPurchaseSubscriptionURL]),
-		SoraClientEnabled:           settings[SettingKeySoraClientEnabled] == "true",
-		CustomMenuItems:             settings[SettingKeyCustomMenuItems],
-		LinuxDoOAuthEnabled:         linuxDoEnabled,
+		RegistrationEnabled:              settings[SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled] == "true",
+		EmailVerifyEnabled:               emailVerifyEnabled,
+		RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist: registrationEmailSuffixWhitelist,
+		PromoCodeEnabled:                 settings[SettingKeyPromoCodeEnabled] != "false", // 默认启用
+		PasswordResetEnabled:             passwordResetEnabled,
+		InvitationCodeEnabled:            settings[SettingKeyInvitationCodeEnabled] == "true",
+		TotpEnabled:                      settings[SettingKeyTotpEnabled] == "true",
+		TurnstileEnabled:                 settings[SettingKeyTurnstileEnabled] == "true",
+		TurnstileSiteKey:                 settings[SettingKeyTurnstileSiteKey],
+		SiteName:                         s.getStringOrDefault(settings, SettingKeySiteName, "Sub2API"),
+		SiteLogo:                         settings[SettingKeySiteLogo],
+		SiteSubtitle:                     s.getStringOrDefault(settings, SettingKeySiteSubtitle, "Subscription to API Conversion Platform"),
+		APIBaseURL:                       settings[SettingKeyAPIBaseURL],
+		ContactInfo:                      settings[SettingKeyContactInfo],
+		DocURL:                           settings[SettingKeyDocURL],
+		HomeContent:                      settings[SettingKeyHomeContent],
+		HideCcsImportButton:              settings[SettingKeyHideCcsImportButton] == "true",
+		PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled:      settings[SettingKeyPurchaseSubscriptionEnabled] == "true",
+		PurchaseSubscriptionURL:          strings.TrimSpace(settings[SettingKeyPurchaseSubscriptionURL]),
+		SoraClientEnabled:                settings[SettingKeySoraClientEnabled] == "true",
+		CustomMenuItems:                  settings[SettingKeyCustomMenuItems],
+		LinuxDoOAuthEnabled:              linuxDoEnabled,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -196,51 +201,53 @@ func (s *SettingService) GetPublicSettingsForInjection(ctx context.Context) (any
 
 	// Return a struct that matches the frontend's expected format
 	return &struct {
-		RegistrationEnabled         bool            `json:"registration_enabled"`
-		EmailVerifyEnabled          bool            `json:"email_verify_enabled"`
-		PromoCodeEnabled            bool            `json:"promo_code_enabled"`
-		PasswordResetEnabled        bool            `json:"password_reset_enabled"`
-		InvitationCodeEnabled       bool            `json:"invitation_code_enabled"`
-		TotpEnabled                 bool            `json:"totp_enabled"`
-		TurnstileEnabled            bool            `json:"turnstile_enabled"`
-		TurnstileSiteKey            string          `json:"turnstile_site_key,omitempty"`
-		SiteName                    string          `json:"site_name"`
-		SiteLogo                    string          `json:"site_logo,omitempty"`
-		SiteSubtitle                string          `json:"site_subtitle,omitempty"`
-		APIBaseURL                  string          `json:"api_base_url,omitempty"`
-		ContactInfo                 string          `json:"contact_info,omitempty"`
-		DocURL                      string          `json:"doc_url,omitempty"`
-		HomeContent                 string          `json:"home_content,omitempty"`
-		HideCcsImportButton         bool            `json:"hide_ccs_import_button"`
-		PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled bool            `json:"purchase_subscription_enabled"`
-		PurchaseSubscriptionURL     string          `json:"purchase_subscription_url,omitempty"`
-		SoraClientEnabled           bool            `json:"sora_client_enabled"`
-		CustomMenuItems             json.RawMessage `json:"custom_menu_items"`
-		LinuxDoOAuthEnabled         bool            `json:"linuxdo_oauth_enabled"`
-		Version                     string          `json:"version,omitempty"`
+		RegistrationEnabled              bool            `json:"registration_enabled"`
+		EmailVerifyEnabled               bool            `json:"email_verify_enabled"`
+		RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist []string        `json:"registration_email_suffix_whitelist"`
+		PromoCodeEnabled                 bool            `json:"promo_code_enabled"`
+		PasswordResetEnabled             bool            `json:"password_reset_enabled"`
+		InvitationCodeEnabled            bool            `json:"invitation_code_enabled"`
+		TotpEnabled                      bool            `json:"totp_enabled"`
+		TurnstileEnabled                 bool            `json:"turnstile_enabled"`
+		TurnstileSiteKey                 string          `json:"turnstile_site_key,omitempty"`
+		SiteName                         string          `json:"site_name"`
+		SiteLogo                         string          `json:"site_logo,omitempty"`
+		SiteSubtitle                     string          `json:"site_subtitle,omitempty"`
+		APIBaseURL                       string          `json:"api_base_url,omitempty"`
+		ContactInfo                      string          `json:"contact_info,omitempty"`
+		DocURL                           string          `json:"doc_url,omitempty"`
+		HomeContent                      string          `json:"home_content,omitempty"`
+		HideCcsImportButton              bool            `json:"hide_ccs_import_button"`
+		PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled      bool            `json:"purchase_subscription_enabled"`
+		PurchaseSubscriptionURL          string          `json:"purchase_subscription_url,omitempty"`
+		SoraClientEnabled                bool            `json:"sora_client_enabled"`
+		CustomMenuItems                  json.RawMessage `json:"custom_menu_items"`
+		LinuxDoOAuthEnabled              bool            `json:"linuxdo_oauth_enabled"`
+		Version                          string          `json:"version,omitempty"`
 	}{
-		RegistrationEnabled:         settings.RegistrationEnabled,
-		EmailVerifyEnabled:          settings.EmailVerifyEnabled,
-		PromoCodeEnabled:            settings.PromoCodeEnabled,
-		PasswordResetEnabled:        settings.PasswordResetEnabled,
-		InvitationCodeEnabled:       settings.InvitationCodeEnabled,
-		TotpEnabled:                 settings.TotpEnabled,
-		TurnstileEnabled:            settings.TurnstileEnabled,
-		TurnstileSiteKey:            settings.TurnstileSiteKey,
-		SiteName:                    settings.SiteName,
-		SiteLogo:                    settings.SiteLogo,
-		SiteSubtitle:                settings.SiteSubtitle,
-		APIBaseURL:                  settings.APIBaseURL,
-		ContactInfo:                 settings.ContactInfo,
-		DocURL:                      settings.DocURL,
-		HomeContent:                 settings.HomeContent,
-		HideCcsImportButton:         settings.HideCcsImportButton,
-		PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled: settings.PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled,
-		PurchaseSubscriptionURL:     settings.PurchaseSubscriptionURL,
-		SoraClientEnabled:           settings.SoraClientEnabled,
-		CustomMenuItems:             filterUserVisibleMenuItems(settings.CustomMenuItems),
-		LinuxDoOAuthEnabled:         settings.LinuxDoOAuthEnabled,
-		Version:                     s.version,
+		RegistrationEnabled:              settings.RegistrationEnabled,
+		EmailVerifyEnabled:               settings.EmailVerifyEnabled,
+		RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist: settings.RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist,
+		PromoCodeEnabled:                 settings.PromoCodeEnabled,
+		PasswordResetEnabled:             settings.PasswordResetEnabled,
+		InvitationCodeEnabled:            settings.InvitationCodeEnabled,
+		TotpEnabled:                      settings.TotpEnabled,
+		TurnstileEnabled:                 settings.TurnstileEnabled,
+		TurnstileSiteKey:                 settings.TurnstileSiteKey,
+		SiteName:                         settings.SiteName,
+		SiteLogo:                         settings.SiteLogo,
+		SiteSubtitle:                     settings.SiteSubtitle,
+		APIBaseURL:                       settings.APIBaseURL,
+		ContactInfo:                      settings.ContactInfo,
+		DocURL:                           settings.DocURL,
+		HomeContent:                      settings.HomeContent,
+		HideCcsImportButton:              settings.HideCcsImportButton,
+		PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled:      settings.PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled,
+		PurchaseSubscriptionURL:          settings.PurchaseSubscriptionURL,
+		SoraClientEnabled:                settings.SoraClientEnabled,
+		CustomMenuItems:                  filterUserVisibleMenuItems(settings.CustomMenuItems),
+		LinuxDoOAuthEnabled:              settings.LinuxDoOAuthEnabled,
+		Version:                          s.version,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -356,12 +363,25 @@ func (s *SettingService) UpdateSettings(ctx context.Context, settings *SystemSet
 	if err := s.validateDefaultSubscriptionGroups(ctx, settings.DefaultSubscriptions); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	normalizedWhitelist, err := NormalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(settings.RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist)
+	if err != nil {
+		return infraerrors.BadRequest("INVALID_REGISTRATION_EMAIL_SUFFIX_WHITELIST", err.Error())
+	}
+	if normalizedWhitelist == nil {
+		normalizedWhitelist = []string{}
+	}
+	settings.RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist = normalizedWhitelist
 
 	updates := make(map[string]string)
 
 	// 注册设置
 	updates[SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled] = strconv.FormatBool(settings.RegistrationEnabled)
 	updates[SettingKeyEmailVerifyEnabled] = strconv.FormatBool(settings.EmailVerifyEnabled)
+	registrationEmailSuffixWhitelistJSON, err := json.Marshal(settings.RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("marshal registration email suffix whitelist: %w", err)
+	}
+	updates[SettingKeyRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist] = string(registrationEmailSuffixWhitelistJSON)
 	updates[SettingKeyPromoCodeEnabled] = strconv.FormatBool(settings.PromoCodeEnabled)
 	updates[SettingKeyPasswordResetEnabled] = strconv.FormatBool(settings.PasswordResetEnabled)
 	updates[SettingKeyInvitationCodeEnabled] = strconv.FormatBool(settings.InvitationCodeEnabled)
@@ -514,6 +534,15 @@ func (s *SettingService) IsEmailVerifyEnabled(ctx context.Context) bool {
 	return value == "true"
 }
 
+// GetRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist returns normalized registration email suffix whitelist.
+func (s *SettingService) GetRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(ctx context.Context) []string {
+	value, err := s.settingRepo.GetValue(ctx, SettingKeyRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist)
+	if err != nil {
+		return []string{}
+	}
+	return ParseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(value)
+}
+
 // IsPromoCodeEnabled 检查是否启用优惠码功能
 func (s *SettingService) IsPromoCodeEnabled(ctx context.Context) bool {
 	value, err := s.settingRepo.GetValue(ctx, SettingKeyPromoCodeEnabled)
@@ -617,20 +646,21 @@ func (s *SettingService) InitializeDefaultSettings(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 	// 初始化默认设置
 	defaults := map[string]string{
-		SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled:         "true",
-		SettingKeyEmailVerifyEnabled:          "false",
-		SettingKeyPromoCodeEnabled:            "true", // 默认启用优惠码功能
-		SettingKeySiteName:                    "Sub2API",
-		SettingKeySiteLogo:                    "",
-		SettingKeyPurchaseSubscriptionEnabled: "false",
-		SettingKeyPurchaseSubscriptionURL:     "",
-		SettingKeySoraClientEnabled:           "false",
-		SettingKeyCustomMenuItems:             "[]",
-		SettingKeyDefaultConcurrency:          strconv.Itoa(s.cfg.Default.UserConcurrency),
-		SettingKeyDefaultBalance:              strconv.FormatFloat(s.cfg.Default.UserBalance, 'f', 8, 64),
-		SettingKeyDefaultSubscriptions:        "[]",
-		SettingKeySMTPPort:                    "587",
-		SettingKeySMTPUseTLS:                  "false",
+		SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled:              "true",
+		SettingKeyEmailVerifyEnabled:               "false",
+		SettingKeyRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist: "[]",
+		SettingKeyPromoCodeEnabled:                 "true", // 默认启用优惠码功能
+		SettingKeySiteName:                         "Sub2API",
+		SettingKeySiteLogo:                         "",
+		SettingKeyPurchaseSubscriptionEnabled:      "false",
+		SettingKeyPurchaseSubscriptionURL:          "",
+		SettingKeySoraClientEnabled:                "false",
+		SettingKeyCustomMenuItems:                  "[]",
+		SettingKeyDefaultConcurrency:               strconv.Itoa(s.cfg.Default.UserConcurrency),
+		SettingKeyDefaultBalance:                   strconv.FormatFloat(s.cfg.Default.UserBalance, 'f', 8, 64),
+		SettingKeyDefaultSubscriptions:             "[]",
+		SettingKeySMTPPort:                         "587",
+		SettingKeySMTPUseTLS:                       "false",
 		// Model fallback defaults
 		SettingKeyEnableModelFallback:      "false",
 		SettingKeyFallbackModelAnthropic:   "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022",
@@ -661,33 +691,34 @@ func (s *SettingService) InitializeDefaultSettings(ctx context.Context) error {
 func (s *SettingService) parseSettings(settings map[string]string) *SystemSettings {
 	emailVerifyEnabled := settings[SettingKeyEmailVerifyEnabled] == "true"
 	result := &SystemSettings{
-		RegistrationEnabled:          settings[SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled] == "true",
-		EmailVerifyEnabled:           emailVerifyEnabled,
-		PromoCodeEnabled:             settings[SettingKeyPromoCodeEnabled] != "false", // 默认启用
-		PasswordResetEnabled:         emailVerifyEnabled && settings[SettingKeyPasswordResetEnabled] == "true",
-		InvitationCodeEnabled:        settings[SettingKeyInvitationCodeEnabled] == "true",
-		TotpEnabled:                  settings[SettingKeyTotpEnabled] == "true",
-		SMTPHost:                     settings[SettingKeySMTPHost],
-		SMTPUsername:                 settings[SettingKeySMTPUsername],
-		SMTPFrom:                     settings[SettingKeySMTPFrom],
-		SMTPFromName:                 settings[SettingKeySMTPFromName],
-		SMTPUseTLS:                   settings[SettingKeySMTPUseTLS] == "true",
-		SMTPPasswordConfigured:       settings[SettingKeySMTPPassword] != "",
-		TurnstileEnabled:             settings[SettingKeyTurnstileEnabled] == "true",
-		TurnstileSiteKey:             settings[SettingKeyTurnstileSiteKey],
-		TurnstileSecretKeyConfigured: settings[SettingKeyTurnstileSecretKey] != "",
-		SiteName:                     s.getStringOrDefault(settings, SettingKeySiteName, "Sub2API"),
-		SiteLogo:                     settings[SettingKeySiteLogo],
-		SiteSubtitle:                 s.getStringOrDefault(settings, SettingKeySiteSubtitle, "Subscription to API Conversion Platform"),
-		APIBaseURL:                   settings[SettingKeyAPIBaseURL],
-		ContactInfo:                  settings[SettingKeyContactInfo],
-		DocURL:                       settings[SettingKeyDocURL],
-		HomeContent:                  settings[SettingKeyHomeContent],
-		HideCcsImportButton:          settings[SettingKeyHideCcsImportButton] == "true",
-		PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled:  settings[SettingKeyPurchaseSubscriptionEnabled] == "true",
-		PurchaseSubscriptionURL:      strings.TrimSpace(settings[SettingKeyPurchaseSubscriptionURL]),
-		SoraClientEnabled:            settings[SettingKeySoraClientEnabled] == "true",
-		CustomMenuItems:              settings[SettingKeyCustomMenuItems],
+		RegistrationEnabled:              settings[SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled] == "true",
+		EmailVerifyEnabled:               emailVerifyEnabled,
+		RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist: ParseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(settings[SettingKeyRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist]),
+		PromoCodeEnabled:                 settings[SettingKeyPromoCodeEnabled] != "false", // 默认启用
+		PasswordResetEnabled:             emailVerifyEnabled && settings[SettingKeyPasswordResetEnabled] == "true",
+		InvitationCodeEnabled:            settings[SettingKeyInvitationCodeEnabled] == "true",
+		TotpEnabled:                      settings[SettingKeyTotpEnabled] == "true",
+		SMTPHost:                         settings[SettingKeySMTPHost],
+		SMTPUsername:                     settings[SettingKeySMTPUsername],
+		SMTPFrom:                         settings[SettingKeySMTPFrom],
+		SMTPFromName:                     settings[SettingKeySMTPFromName],
+		SMTPUseTLS:                       settings[SettingKeySMTPUseTLS] == "true",
+		SMTPPasswordConfigured:           settings[SettingKeySMTPPassword] != "",
+		TurnstileEnabled:                 settings[SettingKeyTurnstileEnabled] == "true",
+		TurnstileSiteKey:                 settings[SettingKeyTurnstileSiteKey],
+		TurnstileSecretKeyConfigured:     settings[SettingKeyTurnstileSecretKey] != "",
+		SiteName:                         s.getStringOrDefault(settings, SettingKeySiteName, "Sub2API"),
+		SiteLogo:                         settings[SettingKeySiteLogo],
+		SiteSubtitle:                     s.getStringOrDefault(settings, SettingKeySiteSubtitle, "Subscription to API Conversion Platform"),
+		APIBaseURL:                       settings[SettingKeyAPIBaseURL],
+		ContactInfo:                      settings[SettingKeyContactInfo],
+		DocURL:                           settings[SettingKeyDocURL],
+		HomeContent:                      settings[SettingKeyHomeContent],
+		HideCcsImportButton:              settings[SettingKeyHideCcsImportButton] == "true",
+		PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled:      settings[SettingKeyPurchaseSubscriptionEnabled] == "true",
+		PurchaseSubscriptionURL:          strings.TrimSpace(settings[SettingKeyPurchaseSubscriptionURL]),
+		SoraClientEnabled:                settings[SettingKeySoraClientEnabled] == "true",
+		CustomMenuItems:                  settings[SettingKeyCustomMenuItems],
 	}
 
 	// 解析整数类型

backend/internal/service/setting_service_public_test.go

+//go:build unit
+
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type settingPublicRepoStub struct {
+	values map[string]string
+}
+
+func (s *settingPublicRepoStub) Get(ctx context.Context, key string) (*Setting, error) {
+	panic("unexpected Get call")
+}
+
+func (s *settingPublicRepoStub) GetValue(ctx context.Context, key string) (string, error) {
+	panic("unexpected GetValue call")
+}
+
+func (s *settingPublicRepoStub) Set(ctx context.Context, key, value string) error {
+	panic("unexpected Set call")
+}
+
+func (s *settingPublicRepoStub) GetMultiple(ctx context.Context, keys []string) (map[string]string, error) {
+	out := make(map[string]string, len(keys))
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		if value, ok := s.values[key]; ok {
+			out[key] = value
+		}
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (s *settingPublicRepoStub) SetMultiple(ctx context.Context, settings map[string]string) error {
+	panic("unexpected SetMultiple call")
+}
+
+func (s *settingPublicRepoStub) GetAll(ctx context.Context) (map[string]string, error) {
+	panic("unexpected GetAll call")
+}
+
+func (s *settingPublicRepoStub) Delete(ctx context.Context, key string) error {
+	panic("unexpected Delete call")
+}
+
+func TestSettingService_GetPublicSettings_ExposesRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &settingPublicRepoStub{
+		values: map[string]string{
+			SettingKeyRegistrationEnabled:              "true",
+			SettingKeyEmailVerifyEnabled:               "true",
+			SettingKeyRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist: `["@EXAMPLE.com"," @foo.bar ","@invalid_domain",""]`,
+		},
+	}
+	svc := NewSettingService(repo, &config.Config{})
+
+	settings, err := svc.GetPublicSettings(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"@example.com", "@foo.bar"}, settings.RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist)
+}

backend/internal/service/setting_service_update_test.go

@@ -172,6 +172,28 @@ func TestSettingService_UpdateSettings_DefaultSubscriptions_RejectsDuplicateGrou
 	require.Nil(t, repo.updates)
 }
 
+func TestSettingService_UpdateSettings_RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist_Normalized(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &settingUpdateRepoStub{}
+	svc := NewSettingService(repo, &config.Config{})
+
+	err := svc.UpdateSettings(context.Background(), &SystemSettings{
+		RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist: []string{"example.com", "@EXAMPLE.com", " @foo.bar "},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, `["@example.com","@foo.bar"]`, repo.updates[SettingKeyRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist])
+}
+
+func TestSettingService_UpdateSettings_RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
+	repo := &settingUpdateRepoStub{}
+	svc := NewSettingService(repo, &config.Config{})
+
+	err := svc.UpdateSettings(context.Background(), &SystemSettings{
+		RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist: []string{"@invalid_domain"},
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "INVALID_REGISTRATION_EMAIL_SUFFIX_WHITELIST", infraerrors.Reason(err))
+}
+
 func TestParseDefaultSubscriptions_NormalizesValues(t *testing.T) {
 	got := parseDefaultSubscriptions(`[{"group_id":11,"validity_days":30},{"group_id":11,"validity_days":60},{"group_id":0,"validity_days":10},{"group_id":12,"validity_days":99999}]`)
 	require.Equal(t, []DefaultSubscriptionSetting{

backend/internal/service/settings_view.go

 package service
 
 type SystemSettings struct {
-	RegistrationEnabled   bool
-	EmailVerifyEnabled    bool
-	PromoCodeEnabled      bool
-	PasswordResetEnabled  bool
-	InvitationCodeEnabled bool
-	TotpEnabled           bool // TOTP 双因素认证
+	RegistrationEnabled              bool
+	EmailVerifyEnabled               bool
+	RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist []string
+	PromoCodeEnabled                 bool
+	PasswordResetEnabled             bool
+	InvitationCodeEnabled            bool
+	TotpEnabled                      bool // TOTP 双因素认证
 
 	SMTPHost               string
 	SMTPPort               int
@@ -76,22 +77,23 @@ type DefaultSubscriptionSetting struct {
 }
 
 type PublicSettings struct {
-	RegistrationEnabled   bool
-	EmailVerifyEnabled    bool
-	PromoCodeEnabled      bool
-	PasswordResetEnabled  bool
-	InvitationCodeEnabled bool
-	TotpEnabled           bool // TOTP 双因素认证
-	TurnstileEnabled      bool
-	TurnstileSiteKey      string
-	SiteName              string
-	SiteLogo              string
-	SiteSubtitle          string
-	APIBaseURL            string
-	ContactInfo           string
-	DocURL                string
-	HomeContent           string
-	HideCcsImportButton   bool
+	RegistrationEnabled              bool
+	EmailVerifyEnabled               bool
+	RegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist []string
+	PromoCodeEnabled                 bool
+	PasswordResetEnabled             bool
+	InvitationCodeEnabled            bool
+	TotpEnabled                      bool // TOTP 双因素认证
+	TurnstileEnabled                 bool
+	TurnstileSiteKey                 string
+	SiteName                         string
+	SiteLogo                         string
+	SiteSubtitle                     string
+	APIBaseURL                       string
+	ContactInfo                      string
+	DocURL                           string
+	HomeContent                      string
+	HideCcsImportButton              bool
 
 	PurchaseSubscriptionEnabled bool
 	PurchaseSubscriptionURL     string

frontend/src/api/admin/settings.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ export interface SystemSettings {
   // Registration settings
   registration_enabled: boolean
   email_verify_enabled: boolean
+  registration_email_suffix_whitelist: string[]
   promo_code_enabled: boolean
   password_reset_enabled: boolean
   invitation_code_enabled: boolean
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ export interface SystemSettings {
 export interface UpdateSettingsRequest {
   registration_enabled?: boolean
   email_verify_enabled?: boolean
+  registration_email_suffix_whitelist?: string[]
   promo_code_enabled?: boolean
   password_reset_enabled?: boolean
   invitation_code_enabled?: boolean

frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts

@@ -312,6 +312,9 @@ export default {
     passwordMinLength: 'Password must be at least 6 characters',
     loginFailed: 'Login failed. Please check your credentials and try again.',
     registrationFailed: 'Registration failed. Please try again.',
+    emailSuffixNotAllowed: 'This email domain is not allowed for registration.',
+    emailSuffixNotAllowedWithAllowed:
+      'This email domain is not allowed. Allowed domains: {suffixes}',
     loginSuccess: 'Login successful! Welcome back.',
     accountCreatedSuccess: 'Account created successfully! Welcome to {siteName}.',
     reloginRequired: 'Session expired. Please log in again.',
@@ -3528,6 +3531,11 @@ export default {
         enableRegistrationHint: 'Allow new users to register',
         emailVerification: 'Email Verification',
         emailVerificationHint: 'Require email verification for new registrations',
+        emailSuffixWhitelist: 'Email Domain Whitelist',
+        emailSuffixWhitelistHint:
+          'Only email addresses from the specified domains can register (for example, @qq.com, @gmail.com)',
+        emailSuffixWhitelistPlaceholder: 'example.com',
+        emailSuffixWhitelistInputHint: 'Leave empty for no restriction',
         promoCode: 'Promo Code',
         promoCodeHint: 'Allow users to use promo codes during registration',
         invitationCode: 'Invitation Code Registration',

frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts

@@ -312,6 +312,8 @@ export default {
     passwordMinLength: '密码至少需要 6 个字符',
     loginFailed: '登录失败，请检查您的凭据后重试。',
     registrationFailed: '注册失败，请重试。',
+    emailSuffixNotAllowed: '该邮箱域名不在允许注册范围内。',
+    emailSuffixNotAllowedWithAllowed: '该邮箱域名不被允许。可用域名：{suffixes}',
     loginSuccess: '登录成功！欢迎回来。',
     accountCreatedSuccess: '账户创建成功！欢迎使用 {siteName}。',
     reloginRequired: '会话已过期，请重新登录。',
@@ -3698,6 +3700,11 @@ export default {
         enableRegistrationHint: '允许新用户注册',
         emailVerification: '邮箱验证',
         emailVerificationHint: '新用户注册时需要验证邮箱',
+        emailSuffixWhitelist: '邮箱域名白名单',
+        emailSuffixWhitelistHint:
+          '仅允许使用指定域名的邮箱注册账号（例如 @qq.com, @gmail.com）',
+        emailSuffixWhitelistPlaceholder: 'example.com',
+        emailSuffixWhitelistInputHint: '留空则不限制',
         promoCode: '优惠码',
         promoCodeHint: '允许用户在注册时使用优惠码',
         invitationCode: '邀请码注册',

frontend/src/stores/app.ts

@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ export const useAppStore = defineStore('app', () => {
       return {
         registration_enabled: false,
         email_verify_enabled: false,
+        registration_email_suffix_whitelist: [],
         promo_code_enabled: true,
         password_reset_enabled: false,
         invitation_code_enabled: false,

frontend/src/types/index.ts

@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ export interface CustomMenuItem {
 export interface PublicSettings {
   registration_enabled: boolean
   email_verify_enabled: boolean
+  registration_email_suffix_whitelist: string[]
   promo_code_enabled: boolean
   password_reset_enabled: boolean
   invitation_code_enabled: boolean

frontend/src/utils/__tests__/authError.spec.ts

+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { buildAuthErrorMessage } from '@/utils/authError'
+
+describe('buildAuthErrorMessage', () => {
+  it('prefers response detail message when available', () => {
+    const message = buildAuthErrorMessage(
+      {
+        response: {
+          data: {
+            detail: 'detailed message',
+            message: 'plain message'
+          }
+        },
+      },
+      { fallback: 'fallback' }
+    )
+    expect(message).toBe('detailed message')
+  })
+
+  it('falls back to response message when detail is unavailable', () => {
+    const message = buildAuthErrorMessage(
+      {
+        response: {
+          data: {
+            message: 'plain message'
+          }
+        },
+      },
+      { fallback: 'fallback' }
+    )
+    expect(message).toBe('plain message')
+  })
+
+  it('falls back to error.message when response payload is unavailable', () => {
+    const message = buildAuthErrorMessage(
+      {
+        message: 'error message'
+      },
+      { fallback: 'fallback' }
+    )
+    expect(message).toBe('error message')
+  })
+
+  it('uses fallback when no message can be extracted', () => {
+    expect(buildAuthErrorMessage({}, { fallback: 'fallback' })).toBe('fallback')
+  })
+})

frontend/src/utils/__tests__/registrationEmailPolicy.spec.ts

+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import {
+  isRegistrationEmailSuffixAllowed,
+  isRegistrationEmailSuffixDomainValid,
+  normalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixDomain,
+  normalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixDomains,
+  normalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist,
+  parseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelistInput
+} from '@/utils/registrationEmailPolicy'
+
+describe('registrationEmailPolicy utils', () => {
+  it('normalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixDomain lowercases, strips @, and ignores invalid chars', () => {
+    expect(normalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixDomain(' @Exa!mple.COM ')).toBe('example.com')
+  })
+
+  it('normalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixDomains deduplicates normalized domains', () => {
+    expect(
+      normalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixDomains([
+        '@example.com',
+        'Example.com',
+        '',
+        '-invalid.com',
+        'foo..bar.com',
+        ' @foo.bar ',
+        '@foo.bar'
+      ])
+    ).toEqual(['example.com', 'foo.bar'])
+  })
+
+  it('parseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelistInput supports separators and deduplicates', () => {
+    const input = '\n  @example.com,example.com，@foo.bar\t@FOO.bar  '
+    expect(parseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelistInput(input)).toEqual(['example.com', 'foo.bar'])
+  })
+
+  it('parseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelistInput drops tokens containing invalid chars', () => {
+    const input = '@exa!mple.com, @foo.bar, @bad#token.com, @ok-domain.com'
+    expect(parseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelistInput(input)).toEqual(['foo.bar', 'ok-domain.com'])
+  })
+
+  it('parseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelistInput drops structurally invalid domains', () => {
+    const input = '@-bad.com, @foo..bar.com, @foo.bar, @xn--ok.com'
+    expect(parseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelistInput(input)).toEqual(['foo.bar', 'xn--ok.com'])
+  })
+
+  it('parseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelistInput returns empty list for blank input', () => {
+    expect(parseRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelistInput('   \n \n')).toEqual([])
+  })
+
+  it('normalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist returns canonical @domain list', () => {
+    expect(
+      normalizeRegistrationEmailSuffixWhitelist([
+        '@Example.com',
+        'foo.bar',
+        '',
+        '-invalid.com',
+        ' @foo.bar '
+      ])
+    ).toEqual(['@example.com', '@foo.bar'])
+  })
+
+  it('isRegistrationEmailSuffixDomainValid matches backend-compatible domain rules', () => {
+    expect(isRegistrationEmailSuffixDomainValid('example.com')).toBe(true)
+    expect(isRegistrationEmailSuffixDomainValid('foo-bar.example.com')).toBe(true)
+    expect(isRegistrationEmailSuffixDomainValid('-bad.com')).toBe(false)
+    expect(isRegistrationEmailSuffixDomainValid('foo..bar.com')).toBe(false)
+    expect(isRegistrationEmailSuffixDomainValid('localhost')).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  it('isRegistrationEmailSuffixAllowed allows any email when whitelist is empty', () => {
+    expect(isRegistrationEmailSuffixAllowed('user@example.com', [])).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  it('isRegistrationEmailSuffixAllowed applies exact suffix matching', () => {
+    expect(isRegistrationEmailSuffixAllowed('user@example.com', ['@example.com'])).toBe(true)
+    expect(isRegistrationEmailSuffixAllowed('user@sub.example.com', ['@example.com'])).toBe(false)
+  })
+})