refactor(backend): service http ports

backend/cmd/server/wire.go

@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 		// 服务器层 ProviderSet
 		server.ProviderSet,
 
+		// BuildInfo provider
+		provideServiceBuildInfo,
+
 		// 清理函数提供者
 		provideCleanup,
 
@@ -49,6 +52,13 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+func provideServiceBuildInfo(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) service.BuildInfo {
+	return service.BuildInfo{
+		Version:   buildInfo.Version,
+		BuildType: buildInfo.BuildType,
+	}
+}
+
 func provideCleanup(
 	db *gorm.DB,
 	rdb *redis.Client,

backend/cmd/server/wire_gen.go

@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	client := infrastructure.ProvideRedis(configConfig)
 	emailCache := repository.NewEmailCache(client)
 	emailService := service.NewEmailService(settingRepository, emailCache)
-	turnstileService := service.NewTurnstileService(settingService)
+	turnstileVerifier := repository.NewTurnstileVerifier()
+	turnstileService := service.NewTurnstileService(settingService, turnstileVerifier)
 	emailQueueService := service.ProvideEmailQueueService(emailService)
 	authService := service.NewAuthService(userRepository, configConfig, settingService, emailService, turnstileService, emailQueueService)
 	authHandler := handler.NewAuthHandler(authService)
@@ -68,32 +69,41 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 	subscriptionHandler := handler.NewSubscriptionHandler(subscriptionService)
 	accountRepository := repository.NewAccountRepository(db)
 	proxyRepository := repository.NewProxyRepository(db)
-	adminService := service.NewAdminService(userRepository, groupRepository, accountRepository, proxyRepository, apiKeyRepository, redeemCodeRepository, usageLogRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, billingCacheService)
+	proxyExitInfoProber := repository.NewProxyExitInfoProber()
+	adminService := service.NewAdminService(userRepository, groupRepository, accountRepository, proxyRepository, apiKeyRepository, redeemCodeRepository, usageLogRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, billingCacheService, proxyExitInfoProber)
 	dashboardHandler := admin.NewDashboardHandler(adminService, usageLogRepository)
 	adminUserHandler := admin.NewUserHandler(adminService)
 	groupHandler := admin.NewGroupHandler(adminService)
-	oAuthService := service.NewOAuthService(proxyRepository)
+	claudeOAuthClient := repository.NewClaudeOAuthClient()
+	oAuthService := service.NewOAuthService(proxyRepository, claudeOAuthClient)
 	rateLimitService := service.NewRateLimitService(accountRepository, configConfig)
-	accountUsageService := service.NewAccountUsageService(accountRepository, usageLogRepository, oAuthService)
-	accountTestService := service.NewAccountTestService(accountRepository, oAuthService)
+	claudeUsageFetcher := repository.NewClaudeUsageFetcher()
+	accountUsageService := service.NewAccountUsageService(accountRepository, usageLogRepository, oAuthService, claudeUsageFetcher)
+	claudeUpstream := repository.NewClaudeUpstream(configConfig)
+	accountTestService := service.NewAccountTestService(accountRepository, oAuthService, claudeUpstream)
 	accountHandler := admin.NewAccountHandler(adminService, oAuthService, rateLimitService, accountUsageService, accountTestService)
 	oAuthHandler := admin.NewOAuthHandler(oAuthService, adminService)
 	proxyHandler := admin.NewProxyHandler(adminService)
 	adminRedeemHandler := admin.NewRedeemHandler(adminService)
 	settingHandler := admin.NewSettingHandler(settingService, emailService)
-	systemHandler := handler.ProvideSystemHandler(client, buildInfo)
+	updateCache := repository.NewUpdateCache(client)
+	gitHubReleaseClient := repository.NewGitHubReleaseClient()
+	serviceBuildInfo := provideServiceBuildInfo(buildInfo)
+	updateService := service.ProvideUpdateService(updateCache, gitHubReleaseClient, serviceBuildInfo)
+	systemHandler := handler.ProvideSystemHandler(updateService)
 	adminSubscriptionHandler := admin.NewSubscriptionHandler(subscriptionService)
 	adminUsageHandler := admin.NewUsageHandler(usageLogRepository, apiKeyRepository, usageService, adminService)
 	adminHandlers := handler.ProvideAdminHandlers(dashboardHandler, adminUserHandler, groupHandler, accountHandler, oAuthHandler, proxyHandler, adminRedeemHandler, settingHandler, systemHandler, adminSubscriptionHandler, adminUsageHandler)
 	gatewayCache := repository.NewGatewayCache(client)
-	pricingService, err := service.ProvidePricingService(configConfig)
+	pricingRemoteClient := repository.NewPricingRemoteClient()
+	pricingService, err := service.ProvidePricingService(configConfig, pricingRemoteClient)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	billingService := service.NewBillingService(configConfig, pricingService)
 	identityCache := repository.NewIdentityCache(client)
 	identityService := service.NewIdentityService(identityCache)
-	gatewayService := service.NewGatewayService(accountRepository, usageLogRepository, userRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, gatewayCache, configConfig, oAuthService, billingService, rateLimitService, billingCacheService, identityService)
+	gatewayService := service.NewGatewayService(accountRepository, usageLogRepository, userRepository, userSubscriptionRepository, gatewayCache, configConfig, oAuthService, billingService, rateLimitService, billingCacheService, identityService, claudeUpstream)
 	concurrencyCache := repository.NewConcurrencyCache(client)
 	concurrencyService := service.NewConcurrencyService(concurrencyCache)
 	gatewayHandler := handler.NewGatewayHandler(gatewayService, userService, concurrencyService, billingCacheService)
@@ -127,6 +137,7 @@ func initializeApplication(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) (*Application, error) {
 		Subscription: subscriptionService,
 		Concurrency:  concurrencyService,
 		Identity:     identityService,
+		Update:       updateService,
 	}
 	repositories := &repository.Repositories{
 		User:             userRepository,
@@ -156,6 +167,13 @@ type Application struct {
 	Cleanup func()
 }
 
+func provideServiceBuildInfo(buildInfo handler.BuildInfo) service.BuildInfo {
+	return service.BuildInfo{
+		Version:   buildInfo.Version,
+		BuildType: buildInfo.BuildType,
+	}
+}
+
 func provideCleanup(
 	db *gorm.DB,
 	rdb *redis.Client,

backend/internal/handler/admin/system_handler.go

@@ -6,11 +6,9 @@ import (
 
 	"sub2api/internal/pkg/response"
 	"sub2api/internal/pkg/sysutil"
-	"sub2api/internal/repository"
 	"sub2api/internal/service"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
 )
 
 // SystemHandler handles system-related operations
@@ -19,10 +17,9 @@ type SystemHandler struct {
 }
 
 // NewSystemHandler creates a new SystemHandler
-func NewSystemHandler(rdb *redis.Client, version, buildType string) *SystemHandler {
-	updateCache := repository.NewUpdateCache(rdb)
+func NewSystemHandler(updateSvc *service.UpdateService) *SystemHandler {
 	return &SystemHandler{
-		updateSvc: service.NewUpdateService(updateCache, version, buildType),
+		updateSvc: updateSvc,
 	}
 }
 

backend/internal/handler/wire.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"sub2api/internal/service"
 
 	"github.com/google/wire"
-	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
 )
 
 // ProvideAdminHandlers creates the AdminHandlers struct
@@ -37,9 +36,9 @@ func ProvideAdminHandlers(
 	}
 }
 
-// ProvideSystemHandler creates admin.SystemHandler with BuildInfo parameters
-func ProvideSystemHandler(rdb *redis.Client, buildInfo BuildInfo) *admin.SystemHandler {
-	return admin.NewSystemHandler(rdb, buildInfo.Version, buildInfo.BuildType)
+// ProvideSystemHandler creates admin.SystemHandler with UpdateService
+func ProvideSystemHandler(updateService *service.UpdateService) *admin.SystemHandler {
+	return admin.NewSystemHandler(updateService)
 }
 
 // ProvideSettingHandler creates SettingHandler with version from BuildInfo

backend/internal/repository/claude_oauth_service.go

+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"time"
+
+	"sub2api/internal/pkg/oauth"
+	"sub2api/internal/service"
+
+	"github.com/imroc/req/v3"
+)
+
+type claudeOAuthService struct{}
+
+func NewClaudeOAuthClient() service.ClaudeOAuthClient {
+	return &claudeOAuthService{}
+}
+
+func (s *claudeOAuthService) GetOrganizationUUID(ctx context.Context, sessionKey, proxyURL string) (string, error) {
+	client := createReqClient(proxyURL)
+
+	var orgs []struct {
+		UUID string `json:"uuid"`
+	}
+
+	targetURL := "https://claude.ai/api/organizations"
+	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 1: Getting organization UUID from %s", targetURL)
+
+	resp, err := client.R().
+		SetContext(ctx).
+		SetCookies(&http.Cookie{
+			Name:  "sessionKey",
+			Value: sessionKey,
+		}).
+		SetSuccessResult(&orgs).
+		Get(targetURL)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 1 FAILED - Request error: %v", err)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 1 Response - Status: %d, Body: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.String())
+
+	if !resp.IsSuccessState() {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get organizations: status %d, body: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.String())
+	}
+
+	if len(orgs) == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no organizations found")
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 1 SUCCESS - Got org UUID: %s", orgs[0].UUID)
+	return orgs[0].UUID, nil
+}
+
+func (s *claudeOAuthService) GetAuthorizationCode(ctx context.Context, sessionKey, orgUUID, scope, codeChallenge, state, proxyURL string) (string, error) {
+	client := createReqClient(proxyURL)
+
+	authURL := fmt.Sprintf("https://claude.ai/v1/oauth/%s/authorize", orgUUID)
+
+	reqBody := map[string]interface{}{
+		"response_type":         "code",
+		"client_id":             oauth.ClientID,
+		"organization_uuid":     orgUUID,
+		"redirect_uri":          oauth.RedirectURI,
+		"scope":                 scope,
+		"state":                 state,
+		"code_challenge":        codeChallenge,
+		"code_challenge_method": "S256",
+	}
+
+	reqBodyJSON, _ := json.Marshal(reqBody)
+	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 2: Getting authorization code from %s", authURL)
+	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 2 Request Body: %s", string(reqBodyJSON))
+
+	var result struct {
+		RedirectURI string `json:"redirect_uri"`
+	}
+
+	resp, err := client.R().
+		SetContext(ctx).
+		SetCookies(&http.Cookie{
+			Name:  "sessionKey",
+			Value: sessionKey,
+		}).
+		SetHeader("Accept", "application/json").
+		SetHeader("Accept-Language", "en-US,en;q=0.9").
+		SetHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache").
+		SetHeader("Origin", "https://claude.ai").
+		SetHeader("Referer", "https://claude.ai/new").
+		SetHeader("Content-Type", "application/json").
+		SetBody(reqBody).
+		SetSuccessResult(&result).
+		Post(authURL)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 2 FAILED - Request error: %v", err)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 2 Response - Status: %d, Body: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.String())
+
+	if !resp.IsSuccessState() {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get authorization code: status %d, body: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.String())
+	}
+
+	if result.RedirectURI == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no redirect_uri in response")
+	}
+
+	parsedURL, err := url.Parse(result.RedirectURI)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse redirect_uri: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	queryParams := parsedURL.Query()
+	authCode := queryParams.Get("code")
+	responseState := queryParams.Get("state")
+
+	if authCode == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no authorization code in redirect_uri")
+	}
+
+	fullCode := authCode
+	if responseState != "" {
+		fullCode = authCode + "#" + responseState
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 2 SUCCESS - Got authorization code: %s...", authCode[:20])
+	return fullCode, nil
+}
+
+func (s *claudeOAuthService) ExchangeCodeForToken(ctx context.Context, code, codeVerifier, state, proxyURL string) (*oauth.TokenResponse, error) {
+	client := createReqClient(proxyURL)
+
+	authCode := code
+	codeState := ""
+	if len(code) > 0 {
+		parts := make([]string, 0, 2)
+		for i, part := range []rune(code) {
+			if part == '#' {
+				authCode = code[:i]
+				codeState = code[i+1:]
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if len(parts) == 0 {
+			authCode = code
+		}
+	}
+
+	reqBody := map[string]interface{}{
+		"code":          authCode,
+		"grant_type":    "authorization_code",
+		"client_id":     oauth.ClientID,
+		"redirect_uri":  oauth.RedirectURI,
+		"code_verifier": codeVerifier,
+	}
+
+	if codeState != "" {
+		reqBody["state"] = codeState
+	}
+
+	reqBodyJSON, _ := json.Marshal(reqBody)
+	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 3: Exchanging code for token at %s", oauth.TokenURL)
+	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 3 Request Body: %s", string(reqBodyJSON))
+
+	var tokenResp oauth.TokenResponse
+
+	resp, err := client.R().
+		SetContext(ctx).
+		SetHeader("Content-Type", "application/json").
+		SetBody(reqBody).
+		SetSuccessResult(&tokenResp).
+		Post(oauth.TokenURL)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 3 FAILED - Request error: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 3 Response - Status: %d, Body: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.String())
+
+	if !resp.IsSuccessState() {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("token exchange failed: status %d, body: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.String())
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 3 SUCCESS - Got access token")
+	return &tokenResp, nil
+}
+
+func (s *claudeOAuthService) RefreshToken(ctx context.Context, refreshToken, proxyURL string) (*oauth.TokenResponse, error) {
+	client := createReqClient(proxyURL)
+
+	formData := url.Values{}
+	formData.Set("grant_type", "refresh_token")
+	formData.Set("refresh_token", refreshToken)
+	formData.Set("client_id", oauth.ClientID)
+
+	var tokenResp oauth.TokenResponse
+
+	resp, err := client.R().
+		SetContext(ctx).
+		SetFormDataFromValues(formData).
+		SetSuccessResult(&tokenResp).
+		Post(oauth.TokenURL)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if !resp.IsSuccessState() {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("token refresh failed: status %d, body: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.String())
+	}
+
+	return &tokenResp, nil
+}
+
+func createReqClient(proxyURL string) *req.Client {
+	client := req.C().
+		ImpersonateChrome().
+		SetTimeout(60 * time.Second)
+
+	if proxyURL != "" {
+		client.SetProxyURL(proxyURL)
+	}
+
+	return client
+}

backend/internal/repository/claude_service.go

+package repository
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"time"
+
+	"sub2api/internal/config"
+	"sub2api/internal/service"
+)
+
+type claudeUpstreamService struct {
+	defaultClient *http.Client
+	cfg           *config.Config
+}
+
+func NewClaudeUpstream(cfg *config.Config) service.ClaudeUpstream {
+	responseHeaderTimeout := time.Duration(cfg.Gateway.ResponseHeaderTimeout) * time.Second
+	if responseHeaderTimeout == 0 {
+		responseHeaderTimeout = 300 * time.Second
+	}
+
+	transport := &http.Transport{
+		MaxIdleConns:          100,
+		MaxIdleConnsPerHost:   10,
+		IdleConnTimeout:       90 * time.Second,
+		ResponseHeaderTimeout: responseHeaderTimeout,
+	}
+
+	return &claudeUpstreamService{
+		defaultClient: &http.Client{Transport: transport},
+		cfg:           cfg,
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *claudeUpstreamService) Do(req *http.Request, proxyURL string) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if proxyURL == "" {
+		return s.defaultClient.Do(req)
+	}
+	client := s.createProxyClient(proxyURL)
+	return client.Do(req)
+}
+
+func (s *claudeUpstreamService) createProxyClient(proxyURL string) *http.Client {
+	parsedURL, err := url.Parse(proxyURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return s.defaultClient
+	}
+
+	responseHeaderTimeout := time.Duration(s.cfg.Gateway.ResponseHeaderTimeout) * time.Second
+	if responseHeaderTimeout == 0 {
+		responseHeaderTimeout = 300 * time.Second
+	}
+
+	transport := &http.Transport{
+		Proxy:                 http.ProxyURL(parsedURL),
+		MaxIdleConns:          100,
+		MaxIdleConnsPerHost:   10,
+		IdleConnTimeout:       90 * time.Second,
+		ResponseHeaderTimeout: responseHeaderTimeout,
+	}
+
+	return &http.Client{Transport: transport}
+}

backend/internal/repository/claude_usage_service.go

+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"time"
+
+	"sub2api/internal/service"
+)
+
+type claudeUsageService struct{}
+
+func NewClaudeUsageFetcher() service.ClaudeUsageFetcher {
+	return &claudeUsageService{}
+}
+
+func (s *claudeUsageService) FetchUsage(ctx context.Context, accessToken, proxyURL string) (*service.ClaudeUsageResponse, error) {
+	transport := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone()
+	if proxyURL != "" {
+		if parsedURL, err := url.Parse(proxyURL); err == nil {
+			transport.Proxy = http.ProxyURL(parsedURL)
+		}
+	}
+
+	client := &http.Client{
+		Transport: transport,
+		Timeout:   30 * time.Second,
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "https://api.anthropic.com/api/oauth/usage", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)
+	req.Header.Set("anthropic-beta", "oauth-2025-04-20")
+
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("API returned status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+	}
+
+	var usageResp service.ClaudeUsageResponse
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&usageResp); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode response failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &usageResp, nil
+}

backend/internal/repository/github_release_service.go

+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"sub2api/internal/service"
+)
+
+type githubReleaseClient struct {
+	httpClient *http.Client
+}
+
+func NewGitHubReleaseClient() service.GitHubReleaseClient {
+	return &githubReleaseClient{
+		httpClient: &http.Client{
+			Timeout: 30 * time.Second,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *githubReleaseClient) FetchLatestRelease(ctx context.Context, repo string) (*service.GitHubRelease, error) {
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("https://api.github.com/repos/%s/releases/latest", repo)
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json")
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Sub2API-Updater")
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("GitHub API returned %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	var release service.GitHubRelease
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&release); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &release, nil
+}
+
+func (c *githubReleaseClient) DownloadFile(ctx context.Context, url, dest string, maxSize int64) error {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 10 * time.Minute}
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return fmt.Errorf("download returned %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	// SECURITY: Check Content-Length if available
+	if resp.ContentLength > maxSize {
+		return fmt.Errorf("file too large: %d bytes (max %d)", resp.ContentLength, maxSize)
+	}
+
+	out, err := os.Create(dest)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer out.Close()
+
+	// SECURITY: Use LimitReader to enforce max download size even if Content-Length is missing/wrong
+	limited := io.LimitReader(resp.Body, maxSize+1)
+	written, err := io.Copy(out, limited)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Check if we hit the limit (downloaded more than maxSize)
+	if written > maxSize {
+		os.Remove(dest) // Clean up partial file
+		return fmt.Errorf("download exceeded maximum size of %d bytes", maxSize)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *githubReleaseClient) FetchChecksumFile(ctx context.Context, url string) ([]byte, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	return io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+}

backend/internal/repository/pricing_service.go

+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"sub2api/internal/service"
+)
+
+type pricingRemoteClient struct {
+	httpClient *http.Client
+}
+
+func NewPricingRemoteClient() service.PricingRemoteClient {
+	return &pricingRemoteClient{
+		httpClient: &http.Client{
+			Timeout: 30 * time.Second,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *pricingRemoteClient) FetchPricingJSON(ctx context.Context, url string) ([]byte, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	return io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+}
+
+func (c *pricingRemoteClient) FetchHashText(ctx context.Context, url string) (string, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	// 哈希文件格式：hash  filename 或者纯 hash
+	hash := strings.TrimSpace(string(body))
+	parts := strings.Fields(hash)
+	if len(parts) > 0 {
+		return parts[0], nil
+	}
+	return hash, nil
+}

backend/internal/repository/proxy_probe_service.go

+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"time"
+
+	"sub2api/internal/service"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/proxy"
+)
+
+type proxyProbeService struct{}
+
+func NewProxyExitInfoProber() service.ProxyExitInfoProber {
+	return &proxyProbeService{}
+}
+
+func (s *proxyProbeService) ProbeProxy(ctx context.Context, proxyURL string) (*service.ProxyExitInfo, int64, error) {
+	transport, err := createProxyTransport(proxyURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to create proxy transport: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	client := &http.Client{
+		Transport: transport,
+		Timeout:   15 * time.Second,
+	}
+
+	startTime := time.Now()
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "https://ipinfo.io/json", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("proxy connection failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	latencyMs := time.Since(startTime).Milliseconds()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, latencyMs, fmt.Errorf("request failed with status: %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	var ipInfo struct {
+		IP      string `json:"ip"`
+		City    string `json:"city"`
+		Region  string `json:"region"`
+		Country string `json:"country"`
+	}
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, latencyMs, fmt.Errorf("failed to read response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &ipInfo); err != nil {
+		return nil, latencyMs, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &service.ProxyExitInfo{
+		IP:      ipInfo.IP,
+		City:    ipInfo.City,
+		Region:  ipInfo.Region,
+		Country: ipInfo.Country,
+	}, latencyMs, nil
+}
+
+func createProxyTransport(proxyURL string) (*http.Transport, error) {
+	parsedURL, err := url.Parse(proxyURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid proxy URL: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	transport := &http.Transport{
+		TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},
+	}
+
+	switch parsedURL.Scheme {
+	case "http", "https":
+		transport.Proxy = http.ProxyURL(parsedURL)
+	case "socks5":
+		dialer, err := proxy.FromURL(parsedURL, proxy.Direct)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create socks5 dialer: %w", err)
+		}
+		transport.DialContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			return dialer.Dial(network, addr)
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported proxy protocol: %s", parsedURL.Scheme)
+	}
+
+	return transport, nil
+}

backend/internal/repository/turnstile_service.go

+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"sub2api/internal/service"
+)
+
+const turnstileVerifyURL = "https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/siteverify"
+
+type turnstileVerifier struct {
+	httpClient *http.Client
+}
+
+func NewTurnstileVerifier() service.TurnstileVerifier {
+	return &turnstileVerifier{
+		httpClient: &http.Client{
+			Timeout: 10 * time.Second,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (v *turnstileVerifier) VerifyToken(ctx context.Context, secretKey, token, remoteIP string) (*service.TurnstileVerifyResponse, error) {
+	formData := url.Values{}
+	formData.Set("secret", secretKey)
+	formData.Set("response", token)
+	if remoteIP != "" {
+		formData.Set("remoteip", remoteIP)
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, turnstileVerifyURL, strings.NewReader(formData.Encode()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+
+	resp, err := v.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("send request: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	var result service.TurnstileVerifyResponse
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&result); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &result, nil
+}

backend/internal/repository/wire.go

@@ -29,6 +29,15 @@ var ProviderSet = wire.NewSet(
 	NewRedeemCache,
 	NewUpdateCache,
 
+	// HTTP service ports (DI Strategy A: return interface directly)
+	NewTurnstileVerifier,
+	NewPricingRemoteClient,
+	NewGitHubReleaseClient,
+	NewProxyExitInfoProber,
+	NewClaudeUsageFetcher,
+	NewClaudeOAuthClient,
+	NewClaudeUpstream,
+
 	// Bind concrete repositories to service port interfaces
 	wire.Bind(new(ports.UserRepository), new(*UserRepository)),
 	wire.Bind(new(ports.ApiKeyRepository), new(*ApiKeyRepository)),

backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -37,19 +36,17 @@ type TestEvent struct {
 
 // AccountTestService handles account testing operations
 type AccountTestService struct {
-	accountRepo  ports.AccountRepository
-	oauthService *OAuthService
-	httpClient   *http.Client
+	accountRepo    ports.AccountRepository
+	oauthService   *OAuthService
+	claudeUpstream ClaudeUpstream
 }
 
 // NewAccountTestService creates a new AccountTestService
-func NewAccountTestService(accountRepo ports.AccountRepository, oauthService *OAuthService) *AccountTestService {
+func NewAccountTestService(accountRepo ports.AccountRepository, oauthService *OAuthService, claudeUpstream ClaudeUpstream) *AccountTestService {
 	return &AccountTestService{
-		accountRepo:  accountRepo,
-		oauthService: oauthService,
-		httpClient: &http.Client{
-			Timeout: 60 * time.Second,
-		},
+		accountRepo:    accountRepo,
+		oauthService:   oauthService,
+		claudeUpstream: claudeUpstream,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -209,23 +206,13 @@ func (s *AccountTestService) TestAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, accountID int
 		req.Header.Set("x-api-key", authToken)
 	}
 
-	// Configure proxy if account has one
-	transport := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone()
+	// Get proxy URL
+	proxyURL := ""
 	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
-		proxyURL := account.Proxy.URL()
-		if proxyURL != "" {
-			if parsedURL, err := url.Parse(proxyURL); err == nil {
-				transport.Proxy = http.ProxyURL(parsedURL)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	client := &http.Client{
-		Transport: transport,
-		Timeout:   60 * time.Second,
+		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
 	}
 
-	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	resp, err := s.claudeUpstream.Do(req, proxyURL)
 	if err != nil {
 		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Request failed: %s", err.Error()))
 	}

backend/internal/service/account_usage_service.go

@@ -2,12 +2,8 @@ package service
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"log"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -65,23 +61,26 @@ type ClaudeUsageResponse struct {
 	} `json:"seven_day_sonnet"`
 }
 
+// ClaudeUsageFetcher fetches usage data from Anthropic OAuth API
+type ClaudeUsageFetcher interface {
+	FetchUsage(ctx context.Context, accessToken, proxyURL string) (*ClaudeUsageResponse, error)
+}
+
 // AccountUsageService 账号使用量查询服务
 type AccountUsageService struct {
 	accountRepo  ports.AccountRepository
 	usageLogRepo ports.UsageLogRepository
 	oauthService *OAuthService
-	httpClient   *http.Client
+	usageFetcher ClaudeUsageFetcher
 }
 
 // NewAccountUsageService 创建AccountUsageService实例
-func NewAccountUsageService(accountRepo ports.AccountRepository, usageLogRepo ports.UsageLogRepository, oauthService *OAuthService) *AccountUsageService {
+func NewAccountUsageService(accountRepo ports.AccountRepository, usageLogRepo ports.UsageLogRepository, oauthService *OAuthService, usageFetcher ClaudeUsageFetcher) *AccountUsageService {
 	return &AccountUsageService{
 		accountRepo:  accountRepo,
 		usageLogRepo: usageLogRepo,
 		oauthService: oauthService,
-		httpClient: &http.Client{
-			Timeout: 30 * time.Second,
-		},
+		usageFetcher: usageFetcher,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -179,58 +178,23 @@ func (s *AccountUsageService) GetTodayStats(ctx context.Context, accountID int64
 
 // fetchOAuthUsage 从Anthropic API获取OAuth账号的使用量
 func (s *AccountUsageService) fetchOAuthUsage(ctx context.Context, account *model.Account) (*UsageInfo, error) {
-	// 获取access token（从credentials中获取）
 	accessToken := account.GetCredential("access_token")
 	if accessToken == "" {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no access token available")
 	}
 
-	// 获取代理配置
-	transport := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone()
+	var proxyURL string
 	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
-		proxyURL := account.Proxy.URL()
-		if proxyURL != "" {
-			if parsedURL, err := url.Parse(proxyURL); err == nil {
-				transport.Proxy = http.ProxyURL(parsedURL)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	client := &http.Client{
-		Transport: transport,
-		Timeout:   30 * time.Second,
-	}
-
-	// 构建请求
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "https://api.anthropic.com/api/oauth/usage", nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create request failed: %w", err)
+		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
 	}
 
-	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)
-	req.Header.Set("anthropic-beta", "oauth-2025-04-20")
-
-	// 发送请求
-	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	usageResp, err := s.usageFetcher.FetchUsage(ctx, accessToken, proxyURL)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("API returned status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
-	}
-
-	// 解析响应
-	var usageResp ClaudeUsageResponse
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&usageResp); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode response failed: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	// 转换为UsageInfo
 	now := time.Now()
-	return s.buildUsageInfo(&usageResp, &now), nil
+	return s.buildUsageInfo(usageResp, &now), nil
 }
 
 // parseTime 尝试多种格式解析时间

backend/internal/service/admin_service.go

@@ -2,21 +2,14 @@ package service
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 	"time"
 
 	"sub2api/internal/model"
 	"sub2api/internal/pkg/pagination"
 	"sub2api/internal/service/ports"
 
-	"golang.org/x/net/proxy"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )
 
@@ -178,6 +171,19 @@ type ProxyTestResult struct {
 	Country   string `json:"country,omitempty"`
 }
 
+// ProxyExitInfo represents proxy exit information from ipinfo.io
+type ProxyExitInfo struct {
+	IP      string
+	City    string
+	Region  string
+	Country string
+}
+
+// ProxyExitInfoProber tests proxy connectivity and retrieves exit information
+type ProxyExitInfoProber interface {
+	ProbeProxy(ctx context.Context, proxyURL string) (*ProxyExitInfo, int64, error)
+}
+
 // adminServiceImpl implements AdminService
 type adminServiceImpl struct {
 	userRepo            ports.UserRepository
@@ -189,6 +195,7 @@ type adminServiceImpl struct {
 	usageLogRepo        ports.UsageLogRepository
 	userSubRepo         ports.UserSubscriptionRepository
 	billingCacheService *BillingCacheService
+	proxyProber         ProxyExitInfoProber
 }
 
 // NewAdminService creates a new AdminService
@@ -202,6 +209,7 @@ func NewAdminService(
 	usageLogRepo ports.UsageLogRepository,
 	userSubRepo ports.UserSubscriptionRepository,
 	billingCacheService *BillingCacheService,
+	proxyProber ProxyExitInfoProber,
 ) AdminService {
 	return &adminServiceImpl{
 		userRepo:            userRepo,
@@ -213,6 +221,7 @@ func NewAdminService(
 		usageLogRepo:        usageLogRepo,
 		userSubRepo:         userSubRepo,
 		billingCacheService: billingCacheService,
+		proxyProber:         proxyProber,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -876,79 +885,12 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) TestProxy(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*ProxyTestR
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return testProxyConnection(ctx, proxy)
-}
-
-// testProxyConnection tests proxy connectivity by requesting ipinfo.io/json
-func testProxyConnection(ctx context.Context, proxy *model.Proxy) (*ProxyTestResult, error) {
 	proxyURL := proxy.URL()
-
-	// Create HTTP client with proxy
-	transport, err := createProxyTransport(proxyURL)
+	exitInfo, latencyMs, err := s.proxyProber.ProbeProxy(ctx, proxyURL)
 	if err != nil {
 		return &ProxyTestResult{
 			Success: false,
-			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Failed to create proxy transport: %v", err),
-		}, nil
-	}
-
-	client := &http.Client{
-		Transport: transport,
-		Timeout:   15 * time.Second,
-	}
-
-	// Measure latency
-	startTime := time.Now()
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "https://ipinfo.io/json", nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return &ProxyTestResult{
-			Success: false,
-			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Failed to create request: %v", err),
-		}, nil
-	}
-
-	resp, err := client.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return &ProxyTestResult{
-			Success: false,
-			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Proxy connection failed: %v", err),
-		}, nil
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	latencyMs := time.Since(startTime).Milliseconds()
-
-	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return &ProxyTestResult{
-			Success:   false,
-			Message:   fmt.Sprintf("Request failed with status: %d", resp.StatusCode),
-			LatencyMs: latencyMs,
-		}, nil
-	}
-
-	// Parse ipinfo.io response
-	var ipInfo struct {
-		IP      string `json:"ip"`
-		City    string `json:"city"`
-		Region  string `json:"region"`
-		Country string `json:"country"`
-	}
-
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return &ProxyTestResult{
-			Success:   true,
-			Message:   "Proxy is accessible but failed to read response",
-			LatencyMs: latencyMs,
-		}, nil
-	}
-
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &ipInfo); err != nil {
-		return &ProxyTestResult{
-			Success:   true,
-			Message:   "Proxy is accessible but failed to parse response",
-			LatencyMs: latencyMs,
+			Message: err.Error(),
 		}, nil
 	}
 
@@ -956,38 +898,9 @@ func testProxyConnection(ctx context.Context, proxy *model.Proxy) (*ProxyTestRes
 		Success:   true,
 		Message:   "Proxy is accessible",
 		LatencyMs: latencyMs,
-		IPAddress: ipInfo.IP,
-		City:      ipInfo.City,
-		Region:    ipInfo.Region,
-		Country:   ipInfo.Country,
+		IPAddress: exitInfo.IP,
+		City:      exitInfo.City,
+		Region:    exitInfo.Region,
+		Country:   exitInfo.Country,
 	}, nil
 }
-
-// createProxyTransport creates an HTTP transport with the given proxy URL
-func createProxyTransport(proxyURL string) (*http.Transport, error) {
-	parsedURL, err := url.Parse(proxyURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid proxy URL: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	transport := &http.Transport{
-		TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},
-	}
-
-	switch parsedURL.Scheme {
-	case "http", "https":
-		transport.Proxy = http.ProxyURL(parsedURL)
-	case "socks5":
-		dialer, err := proxy.FromURL(parsedURL, proxy.Direct)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create socks5 dialer: %w", err)
-		}
-		transport.DialContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-			return dialer.Dial(network, addr)
-		}
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported proxy protocol: %s", parsedURL.Scheme)
-	}
-
-	return transport, nil
-}

backend/internal/service/gateway_service.go

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -26,6 +25,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 )
 
+// ClaudeUpstream handles HTTP requests to Claude API
+type ClaudeUpstream interface {
+	Do(req *http.Request, proxyURL string) (*http.Response, error)
+}
+
 const (
 	claudeAPIURL            = "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages?beta=true"
 	claudeAPICountTokensURL = "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages/count_tokens?beta=true"
@@ -87,7 +91,7 @@ type GatewayService struct {
 	rateLimitService    *RateLimitService
 	billingCacheService *BillingCacheService
 	identityService     *IdentityService
-	httpClient          *http.Client
+	claudeUpstream      ClaudeUpstream
 }
 
 // NewGatewayService creates a new GatewayService
@@ -103,20 +107,8 @@ func NewGatewayService(
 	rateLimitService *RateLimitService,
 	billingCacheService *BillingCacheService,
 	identityService *IdentityService,
+	claudeUpstream ClaudeUpstream,
 ) *GatewayService {
-	// 计算响应头超时时间
-	responseHeaderTimeout := time.Duration(cfg.Gateway.ResponseHeaderTimeout) * time.Second
-	if responseHeaderTimeout == 0 {
-		responseHeaderTimeout = 300 * time.Second // 默认5分钟，LLM高负载时可能排队较久
-	}
-
-	transport := &http.Transport{
-		MaxIdleConns:          100,
-		MaxIdleConnsPerHost:   10,
-		IdleConnTimeout:       90 * time.Second,
-		ResponseHeaderTimeout: responseHeaderTimeout, // 等待上游响应头的超时
-		// 注意：不设置整体 Timeout，让流式响应可以无限时间传输
-	}
 	return &GatewayService{
 		accountRepo:         accountRepo,
 		usageLogRepo:        usageLogRepo,
@@ -129,11 +121,7 @@ func NewGatewayService(
 		rateLimitService:    rateLimitService,
 		billingCacheService: billingCacheService,
 		identityService:     identityService,
-		httpClient: &http.Client{
-			Transport: transport,
-			// 不设置 Timeout：流式请求可能持续十几分钟
-			// 超时控制由 Transport.ResponseHeaderTimeout 负责（只控制等待响应头）
-		},
+		claudeUpstream:      claudeUpstream,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -436,19 +424,19 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *m
 	}
 
 	// 构建上游请求
-	upstreamResult, err := s.buildUpstreamRequest(ctx, c, account, body, token, tokenType)
+	upstreamReq, err := s.buildUpstreamRequest(ctx, c, account, body, token, tokenType)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	// 选择使用的client：如果有代理则使用独立的client，否则使用共享的httpClient
-	httpClient := s.httpClient
-	if upstreamResult.Client != nil {
-		httpClient = upstreamResult.Client
+	// 获取代理URL
+	proxyURL := ""
+	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
+		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
 	}
 
 	// 发送请求
-	resp, err := httpClient.Do(upstreamResult.Request)
+	resp, err := s.claudeUpstream.Do(upstreamReq, proxyURL)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("upstream request failed: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -461,16 +449,11 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *m
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("token refresh failed: %w", err)
 		}
-		upstreamResult, err = s.buildUpstreamRequest(ctx, c, account, body, token, tokenType)
+		upstreamReq, err = s.buildUpstreamRequest(ctx, c, account, body, token, tokenType)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		// 重试时也需要使用正确的client
-		httpClient = s.httpClient
-		if upstreamResult.Client != nil {
-			httpClient = upstreamResult.Client
-		}
-		resp, err = httpClient.Do(upstreamResult.Request)
+		resp, err = s.claudeUpstream.Do(upstreamReq, proxyURL)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("retry request failed: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -509,13 +492,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) Forward(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *m
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// buildUpstreamRequestResult contains the request and optional custom client for proxy
-type buildUpstreamRequestResult struct {
-	Request *http.Request
-	Client  *http.Client // nil means use default s.httpClient
-}
-
-func (s *GatewayService) buildUpstreamRequest(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *model.Account, body []byte, token, tokenType string) (*buildUpstreamRequestResult, error) {
+func (s *GatewayService) buildUpstreamRequest(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *model.Account, body []byte, token, tokenType string) (*http.Request, error) {
 	// 确定目标URL
 	targetURL := claudeAPIURL
 	if account.Type == model.AccountTypeApiKey {
@@ -584,36 +561,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) buildUpstreamRequest(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Contex
 		req.Header.Set("anthropic-beta", s.getBetaHeader(body, c.GetHeader("anthropic-beta")))
 	}
 
-	// 配置代理 - 创建独立的client避免并发修改共享httpClient
-	var customClient *http.Client
-	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
-		proxyURL := account.Proxy.URL()
-		if proxyURL != "" {
-			if parsedURL, err := url.Parse(proxyURL); err == nil {
-				// 计算响应头超时时间（与默认 Transport 保持一致）
-				responseHeaderTimeout := time.Duration(s.cfg.Gateway.ResponseHeaderTimeout) * time.Second
-				if responseHeaderTimeout == 0 {
-					responseHeaderTimeout = 300 * time.Second
-				}
-				transport := &http.Transport{
-					Proxy:                 http.ProxyURL(parsedURL),
-					MaxIdleConns:          100,
-					MaxIdleConnsPerHost:   10,
-					IdleConnTimeout:       90 * time.Second,
-					ResponseHeaderTimeout: responseHeaderTimeout,
-				}
-				// 创建独立的client，避免并发时修改共享的s.httpClient.Transport
-				customClient = &http.Client{
-					Transport: transport,
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return &buildUpstreamRequestResult{
-		Request: req,
-		Client:  customClient,
-	}, nil
+	return req, nil
 }
 
 // getBetaHeader 处理anthropic-beta header
@@ -1085,20 +1033,20 @@ func (s *GatewayService) ForwardCountTokens(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 	}
 
 	// 构建上游请求
-	upstreamResult, err := s.buildCountTokensRequest(ctx, c, account, body, token, tokenType)
+	upstreamReq, err := s.buildCountTokensRequest(ctx, c, account, body, token, tokenType)
 	if err != nil {
 		s.countTokensError(c, http.StatusInternalServerError, "api_error", "Failed to build request")
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// 选择 HTTP client
-	httpClient := s.httpClient
-	if upstreamResult.Client != nil {
-		httpClient = upstreamResult.Client
+	// 获取代理URL
+	proxyURL := ""
+	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
+		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
 	}
 
 	// 发送请求
-	resp, err := httpClient.Do(upstreamResult.Request)
+	resp, err := s.claudeUpstream.Do(upstreamReq, proxyURL)
 	if err != nil {
 		s.countTokensError(c, http.StatusBadGateway, "upstream_error", "Request failed")
 		return fmt.Errorf("upstream request failed: %w", err)
@@ -1113,15 +1061,11 @@ func (s *GatewayService) ForwardCountTokens(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 			s.countTokensError(c, http.StatusBadGateway, "upstream_error", "Token refresh failed")
 			return fmt.Errorf("token refresh failed: %w", err)
 		}
-		upstreamResult, err = s.buildCountTokensRequest(ctx, c, account, body, token, tokenType)
+		upstreamReq, err = s.buildCountTokensRequest(ctx, c, account, body, token, tokenType)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		httpClient = s.httpClient
-		if upstreamResult.Client != nil {
-			httpClient = upstreamResult.Client
-		}
-		resp, err = httpClient.Do(upstreamResult.Request)
+		resp, err = s.claudeUpstream.Do(upstreamReq, proxyURL)
 		if err != nil {
 			s.countTokensError(c, http.StatusBadGateway, "upstream_error", "Retry failed")
 			return fmt.Errorf("retry request failed: %w", err)
@@ -1159,7 +1103,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) ForwardCountTokens(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context,
 }
 
 // buildCountTokensRequest 构建 count_tokens 上游请求
-func (s *GatewayService) buildCountTokensRequest(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *model.Account, body []byte, token, tokenType string) (*buildUpstreamRequestResult, error) {
+func (s *GatewayService) buildCountTokensRequest(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context, account *model.Account, body []byte, token, tokenType string) (*http.Request, error) {
 	// 确定目标 URL
 	targetURL := claudeAPICountTokensURL
 	if account.Type == model.AccountTypeApiKey {
@@ -1223,32 +1167,7 @@ func (s *GatewayService) buildCountTokensRequest(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Con
 		req.Header.Set("anthropic-beta", s.getBetaHeader(body, c.GetHeader("anthropic-beta")))
 	}
 
-	// 配置代理
-	var customClient *http.Client
-	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
-		proxyURL := account.Proxy.URL()
-		if proxyURL != "" {
-			if parsedURL, err := url.Parse(proxyURL); err == nil {
-				responseHeaderTimeout := time.Duration(s.cfg.Gateway.ResponseHeaderTimeout) * time.Second
-				if responseHeaderTimeout == 0 {
-					responseHeaderTimeout = 300 * time.Second
-				}
-				transport := &http.Transport{
-					Proxy:                 http.ProxyURL(parsedURL),
-					MaxIdleConns:          100,
-					MaxIdleConnsPerHost:   10,
-					IdleConnTimeout:       90 * time.Second,
-					ResponseHeaderTimeout: responseHeaderTimeout,
-				}
-				customClient = &http.Client{Transport: transport}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return &buildUpstreamRequestResult{
-		Request: req,
-		Client:  customClient,
-	}, nil
+	return req, nil
 }
 
 // countTokensError 返回 count_tokens 错误响应

backend/internal/service/oauth_service.go

@@ -2,32 +2,36 @@ package service
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"sub2api/internal/model"
 	"sub2api/internal/pkg/oauth"
 	"sub2api/internal/service/ports"
-
-	"github.com/imroc/req/v3"
 )
 
+// ClaudeOAuthClient handles HTTP requests for Claude OAuth flows
+type ClaudeOAuthClient interface {
+	GetOrganizationUUID(ctx context.Context, sessionKey, proxyURL string) (string, error)
+	GetAuthorizationCode(ctx context.Context, sessionKey, orgUUID, scope, codeChallenge, state, proxyURL string) (string, error)
+	ExchangeCodeForToken(ctx context.Context, code, codeVerifier, state, proxyURL string) (*oauth.TokenResponse, error)
+	RefreshToken(ctx context.Context, refreshToken, proxyURL string) (*oauth.TokenResponse, error)
+}
+
 // OAuthService handles OAuth authentication flows
 type OAuthService struct {
 	sessionStore *oauth.SessionStore
 	proxyRepo    ports.ProxyRepository
+	oauthClient  ClaudeOAuthClient
 }
 
 // NewOAuthService creates a new OAuth service
-func NewOAuthService(proxyRepo ports.ProxyRepository) *OAuthService {
+func NewOAuthService(proxyRepo ports.ProxyRepository, oauthClient ClaudeOAuthClient) *OAuthService {
 	return &OAuthService{
 		sessionStore: oauth.NewSessionStore(),
 		proxyRepo:    proxyRepo,
+		oauthClient:  oauthClient,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -210,177 +214,21 @@ func (s *OAuthService) CookieAuth(ctx context.Context, input *CookieAuthInput) (
 
 // getOrganizationUUID gets the organization UUID from claude.ai using sessionKey
 func (s *OAuthService) getOrganizationUUID(ctx context.Context, sessionKey, proxyURL string) (string, error) {
-	client := s.createReqClient(proxyURL)
-
-	var orgs []struct {
-		UUID string `json:"uuid"`
-	}
-
-	targetURL := "https://claude.ai/api/organizations"
-	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 1: Getting organization UUID from %s", targetURL)
-
-	resp, err := client.R().
-		SetContext(ctx).
-		SetCookies(&http.Cookie{
-			Name:  "sessionKey",
-			Value: sessionKey,
-		}).
-		SetSuccessResult(&orgs).
-		Get(targetURL)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 1 FAILED - Request error: %v", err)
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 1 Response - Status: %d, Body: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.String())
-
-	if !resp.IsSuccessState() {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get organizations: status %d, body: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.String())
-	}
-
-	if len(orgs) == 0 {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("no organizations found")
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 1 SUCCESS - Got org UUID: %s", orgs[0].UUID)
-	return orgs[0].UUID, nil
+	return s.oauthClient.GetOrganizationUUID(ctx, sessionKey, proxyURL)
 }
 
 // getAuthorizationCode gets the authorization code using sessionKey
 func (s *OAuthService) getAuthorizationCode(ctx context.Context, sessionKey, orgUUID, scope, codeChallenge, state, proxyURL string) (string, error) {
-	client := s.createReqClient(proxyURL)
-
-	authURL := fmt.Sprintf("https://claude.ai/v1/oauth/%s/authorize", orgUUID)
-
-	// Build request body - must include organization_uuid as per CRS
-	reqBody := map[string]interface{}{
-		"response_type":         "code",
-		"client_id":             oauth.ClientID,
-		"organization_uuid":     orgUUID, // Required field!
-		"redirect_uri":          oauth.RedirectURI,
-		"scope":                 scope,
-		"state":                 state,
-		"code_challenge":        codeChallenge,
-		"code_challenge_method": "S256",
-	}
-
-	reqBodyJSON, _ := json.Marshal(reqBody)
-	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 2: Getting authorization code from %s", authURL)
-	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 2 Request Body: %s", string(reqBodyJSON))
-
-	// Response contains redirect_uri with code, not direct code field
-	var result struct {
-		RedirectURI string `json:"redirect_uri"`
-	}
-
-	resp, err := client.R().
-		SetContext(ctx).
-		SetCookies(&http.Cookie{
-			Name:  "sessionKey",
-			Value: sessionKey,
-		}).
-		SetHeader("Accept", "application/json").
-		SetHeader("Accept-Language", "en-US,en;q=0.9").
-		SetHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache").
-		SetHeader("Origin", "https://claude.ai").
-		SetHeader("Referer", "https://claude.ai/new").
-		SetHeader("Content-Type", "application/json").
-		SetBody(reqBody).
-		SetSuccessResult(&result).
-		Post(authURL)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 2 FAILED - Request error: %v", err)
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 2 Response - Status: %d, Body: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.String())
-
-	if !resp.IsSuccessState() {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get authorization code: status %d, body: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.String())
-	}
-
-	if result.RedirectURI == "" {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("no redirect_uri in response")
-	}
-
-	// Parse redirect_uri to extract code and state
-	parsedURL, err := url.Parse(result.RedirectURI)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse redirect_uri: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	queryParams := parsedURL.Query()
-	authCode := queryParams.Get("code")
-	responseState := queryParams.Get("state")
-
-	if authCode == "" {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("no authorization code in redirect_uri")
-	}
-
-	// Combine code with state if present (as CRS does)
-	fullCode := authCode
-	if responseState != "" {
-		fullCode = authCode + "#" + responseState
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 2 SUCCESS - Got authorization code: %s...", authCode[:20])
-	return fullCode, nil
+	return s.oauthClient.GetAuthorizationCode(ctx, sessionKey, orgUUID, scope, codeChallenge, state, proxyURL)
 }
 
 // exchangeCodeForToken exchanges authorization code for tokens
 func (s *OAuthService) exchangeCodeForToken(ctx context.Context, code, codeVerifier, state, proxyURL string) (*TokenInfo, error) {
-	client := s.createReqClient(proxyURL)
-
-	// Parse code#state format if present
-	authCode := code
-	codeState := ""
-	if parts := strings.Split(code, "#"); len(parts) > 1 {
-		authCode = parts[0]
-		codeState = parts[1]
-	}
-
-	// Build JSON body as CRS does (not form data!)
-	reqBody := map[string]interface{}{
-		"code":          authCode,
-		"grant_type":    "authorization_code",
-		"client_id":     oauth.ClientID,
-		"redirect_uri":  oauth.RedirectURI,
-		"code_verifier": codeVerifier,
-	}
-
-	// Add state if present
-	if codeState != "" {
-		reqBody["state"] = codeState
-	}
-
-	reqBodyJSON, _ := json.Marshal(reqBody)
-	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 3: Exchanging code for token at %s", oauth.TokenURL)
-	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 3 Request Body: %s", string(reqBodyJSON))
-
-	var tokenResp oauth.TokenResponse
-
-	resp, err := client.R().
-		SetContext(ctx).
-		SetHeader("Content-Type", "application/json").
-		SetBody(reqBody).
-		SetSuccessResult(&tokenResp).
-		Post(oauth.TokenURL)
-
+	tokenResp, err := s.oauthClient.ExchangeCodeForToken(ctx, code, codeVerifier, state, proxyURL)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 3 FAILED - Request error: %v", err)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 3 Response - Status: %d, Body: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.String())
-
-	if !resp.IsSuccessState() {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("token exchange failed: status %d, body: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.String())
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	log.Printf("[OAuth] Step 3 SUCCESS - Got access token")
-
 	tokenInfo := &TokenInfo{
 		AccessToken:  tokenResp.AccessToken,
 		TokenType:    tokenResp.TokenType,
@@ -390,7 +238,6 @@ func (s *OAuthService) exchangeCodeForToken(ctx context.Context, code, codeVerif
 		Scope:        tokenResp.Scope,
 	}
 
-	// Extract org_uuid and account_uuid from response
 	if tokenResp.Organization != nil && tokenResp.Organization.UUID != "" {
 		tokenInfo.OrgUUID = tokenResp.Organization.UUID
 		log.Printf("[OAuth] Got org_uuid: %s", tokenInfo.OrgUUID)
@@ -405,27 +252,9 @@ func (s *OAuthService) exchangeCodeForToken(ctx context.Context, code, codeVerif
 
 // RefreshToken refreshes an OAuth token
 func (s *OAuthService) RefreshToken(ctx context.Context, refreshToken string, proxyURL string) (*TokenInfo, error) {
-	client := s.createReqClient(proxyURL)
-
-	formData := url.Values{}
-	formData.Set("grant_type", "refresh_token")
-	formData.Set("refresh_token", refreshToken)
-	formData.Set("client_id", oauth.ClientID)
-
-	var tokenResp oauth.TokenResponse
-
-	resp, err := client.R().
-		SetContext(ctx).
-		SetFormDataFromValues(formData).
-		SetSuccessResult(&tokenResp).
-		Post(oauth.TokenURL)
-
+	tokenResp, err := s.oauthClient.RefreshToken(ctx, refreshToken, proxyURL)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if !resp.IsSuccessState() {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("token refresh failed: status %d, body: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.String())
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	return &TokenInfo{
@@ -455,17 +284,3 @@ func (s *OAuthService) RefreshAccountToken(ctx context.Context, account *model.A
 
 	return s.RefreshToken(ctx, refreshToken, proxyURL)
 }
-
-// createReqClient creates a req client with Chrome impersonation and optional proxy
-func (s *OAuthService) createReqClient(proxyURL string) *req.Client {
-	client := req.C().
-		ImpersonateChrome(). // Impersonate Chrome browser to bypass Cloudflare
-		SetTimeout(60 * time.Second)
-
-	// Set proxy if specified
-	if proxyURL != "" {
-		client.SetProxyURL(proxyURL)
-	}
-
-	return client
-}

backend/internal/service/pricing_service.go

 package service
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"log"
-	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
@@ -20,13 +19,19 @@ import (
 // LiteLLMModelPricing LiteLLM价格数据结构
 // 只保留我们需要的字段，使用指针来处理可能缺失的值
 type LiteLLMModelPricing struct {
-	InputCostPerToken            float64 `json:"input_cost_per_token"`
-	OutputCostPerToken           float64 `json:"output_cost_per_token"`
-	CacheCreationInputTokenCost  float64 `json:"cache_creation_input_token_cost"`
-	CacheReadInputTokenCost      float64 `json:"cache_read_input_token_cost"`
-	LiteLLMProvider              string  `json:"litellm_provider"`
-	Mode                         string  `json:"mode"`
-	SupportsPromptCaching        bool    `json:"supports_prompt_caching"`
+	InputCostPerToken           float64 `json:"input_cost_per_token"`
+	OutputCostPerToken          float64 `json:"output_cost_per_token"`
+	CacheCreationInputTokenCost float64 `json:"cache_creation_input_token_cost"`
+	CacheReadInputTokenCost     float64 `json:"cache_read_input_token_cost"`
+	LiteLLMProvider             string  `json:"litellm_provider"`
+	Mode                        string  `json:"mode"`
+	SupportsPromptCaching       bool    `json:"supports_prompt_caching"`
+}
+
+// PricingRemoteClient 远程价格数据获取接口
+type PricingRemoteClient interface {
+	FetchPricingJSON(ctx context.Context, url string) ([]byte, error)
+	FetchHashText(ctx context.Context, url string) (string, error)
 }
 
 // LiteLLMRawEntry 用于解析原始JSON数据
@@ -42,11 +47,12 @@ type LiteLLMRawEntry struct {
 
 // PricingService 动态价格服务
 type PricingService struct {
-	cfg         *config.Config
-	mu          sync.RWMutex
-	pricingData map[string]*LiteLLMModelPricing
-	lastUpdated time.Time
-	localHash   string
+	cfg          *config.Config
+	remoteClient PricingRemoteClient
+	mu           sync.RWMutex
+	pricingData  map[string]*LiteLLMModelPricing
+	lastUpdated  time.Time
+	localHash    string
 
 	// 停止信号
 	stopCh chan struct{}
@@ -54,11 +60,12 @@ type PricingService struct {
 }
 
 // NewPricingService 创建价格服务
-func NewPricingService(cfg *config.Config) *PricingService {
+func NewPricingService(cfg *config.Config, remoteClient PricingRemoteClient) *PricingService {
 	s := &PricingService{
-		cfg:         cfg,
-		pricingData: make(map[string]*LiteLLMModelPricing),
-		stopCh:      make(chan struct{}),
+		cfg:          cfg,
+		remoteClient: remoteClient,
+		pricingData:  make(map[string]*LiteLLMModelPricing),
+		stopCh:       make(chan struct{}),
 	}
 	return s
 }
@@ -199,20 +206,12 @@ func (s *PricingService) syncWithRemote() error {
 func (s *PricingService) downloadPricingData() error {
 	log.Printf("[Pricing] Downloading from %s", s.cfg.Pricing.RemoteURL)
 
-	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second}
-	resp, err := client.Get(s.cfg.Pricing.RemoteURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("download failed: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
 
-	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return fmt.Errorf("download failed: HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
-	}
-
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	body, err := s.remoteClient.FetchPricingJSON(ctx, s.cfg.Pricing.RemoteURL)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("read response failed: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("download failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// 解析JSON数据（使用灵活的解析方式）
@@ -367,29 +366,10 @@ func (s *PricingService) useFallbackPricing() error {
 
 // fetchRemoteHash 从远程获取哈希值
 func (s *PricingService) fetchRemoteHash() (string, error) {
-	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 10 * time.Second}
-	resp, err := client.Get(s.cfg.Pricing.HashURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
 
-	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
-	}
-
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	// 哈希文件格式：hash  filename 或者纯 hash
-	hash := strings.TrimSpace(string(body))
-	parts := strings.Fields(hash)
-	if len(parts) > 0 {
-		return parts[0], nil
-	}
-	return hash, nil
+	return s.remoteClient.FetchHashText(ctx, s.cfg.Pricing.HashURL)
 }
 
 // computeFileHash 计算文件哈希
@@ -466,14 +446,14 @@ func (s *PricingService) extractBaseName(model string) string {
 func (s *PricingService) matchByModelFamily(model string) *LiteLLMModelPricing {
 	// Claude模型系列匹配规则
 	familyPatterns := map[string][]string{
-		"opus-4.5":       {"claude-opus-4.5", "claude-opus-4-5"},
-		"opus-4":         {"claude-opus-4", "claude-3-opus"},
-		"sonnet-4.5":     {"claude-sonnet-4.5", "claude-sonnet-4-5"},
-		"sonnet-4":       {"claude-sonnet-4", "claude-3-5-sonnet"},
-		"sonnet-3.5":     {"claude-3-5-sonnet", "claude-3.5-sonnet"},
-		"sonnet-3":       {"claude-3-sonnet"},
-		"haiku-3.5":      {"claude-3-5-haiku", "claude-3.5-haiku"},
-		"haiku-3":        {"claude-3-haiku"},
+		"opus-4.5":   {"claude-opus-4.5", "claude-opus-4-5"},
+		"opus-4":     {"claude-opus-4", "claude-3-opus"},
+		"sonnet-4.5": {"claude-sonnet-4.5", "claude-sonnet-4-5"},
+		"sonnet-4":   {"claude-sonnet-4", "claude-3-5-sonnet"},
+		"sonnet-3.5": {"claude-3-5-sonnet", "claude-3.5-sonnet"},
+		"sonnet-3":   {"claude-3-sonnet"},
+		"haiku-3.5":  {"claude-3-5-haiku", "claude-3.5-haiku"},
+		"haiku-3":    {"claude-3-haiku"},
 	}
 
 	// 确定模型属于哪个系列

backend/internal/service/service.go

@@ -26,4 +26,5 @@ type Services struct {
 	Subscription *SubscriptionService
 	Concurrency  *ConcurrencyService
 	Identity     *IdentityService
+	Update       *UpdateService
 }

backend/internal/service/turnstile_service.go

@@ -2,14 +2,9 @@ package service
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -19,10 +14,15 @@ var (
 
 const turnstileVerifyURL = "https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/siteverify"
 
+// TurnstileVerifier 验证 Turnstile token 的接口
+type TurnstileVerifier interface {
+	VerifyToken(ctx context.Context, secretKey, token, remoteIP string) (*TurnstileVerifyResponse, error)
+}
+
 // TurnstileService Turnstile 验证服务
 type TurnstileService struct {
 	settingService *SettingService
-	httpClient     *http.Client
+	verifier       TurnstileVerifier
 }
 
 // TurnstileVerifyResponse Cloudflare Turnstile 验证响应
@@ -36,12 +36,10 @@ type TurnstileVerifyResponse struct {
 }
 
 // NewTurnstileService 创建 Turnstile 服务实例
-func NewTurnstileService(settingService *SettingService) *TurnstileService {
+func NewTurnstileService(settingService *SettingService, verifier TurnstileVerifier) *TurnstileService {
 	return &TurnstileService{
 		settingService: settingService,
-		httpClient: &http.Client{
-			Timeout: 10 * time.Second,
-		},
+		verifier:       verifier,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -66,35 +64,12 @@ func (s *TurnstileService) VerifyToken(ctx context.Context, token string, remote
 		return ErrTurnstileVerificationFailed
 	}
 
-	// 构建请求
-	formData := url.Values{}
-	formData.Set("secret", secretKey)
-	formData.Set("response", token)
-	if remoteIP != "" {
-		formData.Set("remoteip", remoteIP)
-	}
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, turnstileVerifyURL, strings.NewReader(formData.Encode()))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create request: %w", err)
-	}
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
-
-	// 发送请求
 	log.Printf("[Turnstile] Verifying token for IP: %s", remoteIP)
-	resp, err := s.httpClient.Do(req)
+	result, err := s.verifier.VerifyToken(ctx, secretKey, token, remoteIP)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("[Turnstile] Request failed: %v", err)
 		return fmt.Errorf("send request: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	// 解析响应
-	var result TurnstileVerifyResponse
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&result); err != nil {
-		log.Printf("[Turnstile] Failed to decode response: %v", err)
-		return fmt.Errorf("decode response: %w", err)
-	}
 
 	if !result.Success {
 		log.Printf("[Turnstile] Verification failed, error codes: %v", result.ErrorCodes)