Merge branch 'main' into rebuild/auth-identity-foundation

.github/workflows/cla.yml

+name: "CLA Assistant"
+
+on:
+  issue_comment:
+    types: [created]
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [opened, reopened, closed, synchronize]
+
+permissions:
+  actions: write
+  contents: write
+  pull-requests: write
+  statuses: write
+
+jobs:
+  cla-check:
+    if: |
+      github.event_name == 'issue_comment' ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request_target' && github.event.action != 'closed')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: "CLA Assistant"
+        if: |
+          (github.event.comment.body == 'recheck' ||
+           github.event.comment.body == 'I have read the CLA Document and I hereby sign the CLA') ||
+          github.event_name == 'pull_request_target'
+        uses: contributor-assistant/github-action@v2.6.1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          path-to-signatures: "cla.json"
+          path-to-document: "https://github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/blob/main/CLA.md"
+          branch: "cla-signatures"
+          allowlist: "dependabot[bot],renovate[bot],bot*"
+          lock-pullrequest-aftermerge: false
+          custom-notsigned-prcomment: |
+            Thank you for your contribution! Before we can merge this PR, we need $you to sign our [Contributor License Agreement (CLA)](https://github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/blob/main/CLA.md).
+
+            **To sign**, please reply with the following comment:
+
+            > I have read the CLA Document and I hereby sign the CLA
+
+            You only need to sign once — it will be valid for all your future contributions to this project.
+          custom-pr-sign-comment: "I have read the CLA Document and I hereby sign the CLA"
+          custom-allsigned-prcomment: "All contributors have signed the CLA. ✅"
+
+  cla-lock:
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request_target' && github.event.action == 'closed' && github.event.pull_request.merged == true
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: "Lock merged PR"
+        uses: contributor-assistant/github-action@v2.6.1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          path-to-signatures: "cla.json"
+          path-to-document: "https://github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/blob/main/CLA.md"
+          branch: "cla-signatures"
+          lock-pullrequest-aftermerge: true

CLA.md

+# Sub2API Individual Contributor License Agreement (v1.0)
+
+Thank you for your interest in contributing to Sub2API ("the Project"). This Contributor License Agreement ("Agreement") documents the rights granted by contributors to the Project.
+
+By signing this Agreement, you accept and agree to the following terms and conditions for your present and future contributions submitted to the Project.
+
+## 1. Definitions
+
+- **"You" (or "Your")** means the copyright owner or legal entity authorized by the copyright owner that is making this Agreement.
+- **"Contribution"** means any original work of authorship, including any modifications or additions to an existing work, that is intentionally submitted by You to the Project for inclusion in, or documentation of, any of the products owned or managed by the Project. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Project or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Project for the purpose of discussing and improving the Project, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by You as "Not a Contribution."
+- **"Project Owner"** means Wesley Liddick, or any individual or legal entity to whom Wesley Liddick has explicitly assigned or transferred ownership of the Project in writing, and their respective successors and assigns.
+
+## 2. Grant of Copyright License
+
+Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, You hereby grant to the Project Owner a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute Your Contributions and such derivative works. This license includes, without limitation, the right to sublicense, assign, and transfer these rights to any third party, including without limitation any successor, assignee, or acquiring entity of the Project or the Project Owner, and to use Your Contributions under any license, including proprietary or commercial licenses.
+
+## 3. Moral Rights
+
+To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, You irrevocably waive and agree not to assert any moral rights (including rights of attribution and integrity) that You may have in Your Contributions, and agree that the Project Owner and its licensees may use, modify, and distribute Your Contributions without attribution or other obligations arising from moral rights.
+
+## 4. Grant of Patent License
+
+Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, You hereby grant to the Project Owner a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer Your Contributions, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by You that are necessarily infringed by Your Contribution(s) alone or by combination of Your Contribution(s) with the Project to which such Contribution(s) was submitted.
+
+## 5. Representations and Warranties
+
+You represent and warrant that:
+
+(a) You are legally entitled to grant the above licenses.
+
+(b) If Your employer(s) has rights to intellectual property that You create that includes Your Contributions, You have received permission to make Contributions on behalf of that employer, or that Your employer has waived such rights for Your Contributions to the Project.
+
+(c) Each of Your Contributions is Your original creation, or You have sufficient rights to submit it under the terms of this Agreement. You agree to provide, upon request, reasonable documentation or explanation of any third-party materials included in Your Contributions.
+
+## 6. No Warranty
+
+Your Contributions are provided on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are not expected to provide support for Your Contributions, except to the extent You desire to provide support.
+
+## 7. No Obligation
+
+You understand that the decision to include Your Contribution in any product or project is entirely at the discretion of the Project Owner, and this Agreement does not obligate the Project Owner to use Your Contribution.
+
+## 8. Retention of Rights
+
+You retain ownership of the copyright in Your Contributions. This Agreement does not transfer any copyright or other intellectual property rights from You to the Project Owner. This Agreement only grants the licenses described above.
+
+## 9. Term and Termination
+
+This Agreement shall remain in effect indefinitely. You may terminate this Agreement prospectively by providing written notice to the Project Owner, but such termination shall not affect the licenses granted for Contributions submitted prior to the effective date of termination. The licenses granted herein for Contributions submitted prior to termination are perpetual and irrevocable.
+
+## 10. Electronic Signature
+
+You agree that Your electronic signature (including but not limited to typing a specific phrase in a pull request, issue, or other electronic communication) is legally binding and has the same force and effect as a handwritten signature. You consent to the use of electronic means to enter into this Agreement and acknowledge that this Agreement is enforceable as if executed in a traditional written format.
+
+## 11. General Provisions
+
+**Entire Agreement.** This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between You and the Project Owner with respect to Your Contributions and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous understandings regarding such subject matter.
+
+**Severability.** If any provision of this Agreement is held to be unenforceable or invalid, that provision will be enforced to the maximum extent possible and the remaining provisions will remain in full force and effect.
+
+**No Waiver.** The failure of the Project Owner to enforce any provision of this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of that provision or any other provision.
+
+**Amendment.** This Agreement may only be modified by a written instrument signed by both parties. Modifications to this Agreement apply only to Contributions submitted after the modified Agreement is published and accepted by You. Prior Contributions remain governed by the version of the Agreement in effect at the time of submission.
+
+**Notification.** Notices under this Agreement shall be sent to the Project Owner via a GitHub issue on the Project repository. Notices are effective upon receipt.
+
+---
+
+**By signing this CLA, you acknowledge that you have read and understood this Agreement and agree to be bound by its terms.**
+
+To sign, reply in the pull request with:
+
+> I have read the CLA Document and I hereby sign the CLA

LICENSE

-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2025 Wesley Liddick
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.
+                   GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+
+  This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
+the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
+License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
+
+  0. Additional Definitions.
+
+  As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
+General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
+General Public License.
+
+  "The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
+other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
+
+  An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
+by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
+Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
+of using an interface provided by the Library.
+
+  A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
+Application with the Library.  The particular version of the Library
+with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
+Version".
+
+  The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
+Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code
+for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are
+based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
+
+  The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
+object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
+and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
+Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
+
+  1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+
+  You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
+without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+
+  2. Conveying Modified Versions.
+
+  If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a
+facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application
+that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the
+facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified
+version:
+
+   a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to
+   ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the
+   function or data, the facility still operates, and performs
+   whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
+
+   b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of
+   this License applicable to that copy.
+
+  3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
+
+  The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from
+a header file that is part of the Library.  You may convey such object
+code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated
+material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure
+layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates
+(ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
+
+   a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the
+   Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
+   covered by this License.
+
+   b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
+   document.
+
+  4. Combined Works.
+
+  You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that,
+taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the
+portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse
+engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of
+the following:
+
+   a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the Combined Work that
+   the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
+   covered by this License.
+
+   b) Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
+   document.
+
+   c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during
+   execution, include the copyright notice for the Library among
+   these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the
+   copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.
+
+   d) Do one of the following:
+
+       0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this
+       License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form
+       suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to
+       recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of
+       the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the
+       manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying
+       Corresponding Source.
+
+       1) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the
+       Library.  A suitable mechanism is one that (a) uses at run time
+       a copy of the Library already present on the user's computer
+       system, and (b) will operate properly with a modified version
+       of the Library that is interface-compatible with the Linked
+       Version.
+
+   e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise
+   be required to provide such information under section 6 of the
+   GNU GPL, and only to the extent that such information is
+   necessary to install and execute a modified version of the
+   Combined Work produced by recombining or relinking the
+   Application with a modified version of the Linked Version. (If
+   you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany
+   the Minimal Corresponding Source and Corresponding Application
+   Code. If you use option 4d1, you must provide the Installation
+   Information in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL
+   for conveying Corresponding Source.)
+
+  5. Combined Libraries.
+
+  You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
+Library side by side in a single library together with other library
+facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this
+License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your
+choice, if you do both of the following:
+
+   a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based
+   on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities,
+   conveyed under the terms of this License.
+
+   b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it
+   is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the
+   accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
+
+  6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
+
+  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new
+versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
+differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+
+  Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
+Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version
+of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version"
+applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
+conditions either of that published version or of any later version
+published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you
+received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser
+General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser
+General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+  If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide
+whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall
+apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is
+permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the
+Library.
\ No newline at end of file

README.md

@@ -96,6 +96,11 @@ Sub2API is an AI API gateway platform designed to distribute and manage API quot
 <td>Huge thanks to BmoPlus for sponsoring this project! BmoPlus is a highly reliable AI account provider built strictly for heavy AI users and developers. They offer rock-solid, ready-to-use accounts and official top-up services for ChatGPT Plus / ChatGPT Pro (Full Warranty) / Claude Pro / Super Grok / Gemini Pro. By registering and ordering through <a href="https://shop.bmoplus.com/?utm_source=github">BmoPlus - Premium AI Accounts & Top-ups</a>, users can unlock the mind-blowing rate of 10% of the official GPT subscription price (90% OFF)</td>
 </tr>
 
+<tr>
+<td width="180"><a href="https://bestproxy.com/?keyword=a2e8iuol"><img src="assets/partners/logos/bestproxy.png" alt="bestproxy" width="150"></a></td>
+<td>Thanks to Bestproxy for sponsoring this project! <a href="https://bestproxy.com/?keyword=a2e8iuol">Bestproxy</a> provides high-purity residential IPs with dedicated one-IP-per-account support. By combining real home networks with fingerprint isolation, it enables link environment isolation and reduces the probability of association-based risk control.</td>
+</tr>
+
 </table>
 
 ## Ecosystem
@@ -618,7 +623,9 @@ sub2api/
 
 ## License
 
-MIT License
+This project is licensed under the [GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0](LICENSE) (or later).
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 Wesley Liddick
 
 ---
 

README_CN.md

@@ -95,6 +95,11 @@ Sub2API 是一个 AI API 网关平台，用于分发和管理 AI 产品订阅的
 <td>感谢 BmoPlus 赞助了本项目！BmoPlus 是一家专为AI订阅重度用户打造的可靠 AI 账号代充服务商，提供稳定的 ChatGPT Plus / ChatGPT Pro(全程质保) / Claude Pro / Super Grok / Gemini Pro 的官方代充&成品账号。 通过<a href="https://shop.bmoplus.com/?utm_source=github">BmoPlus AI成品号专卖/代充</a>注册下单的用户，可享GPT 官网订阅一折 的震撼价格！</td>
 </tr>
 
+<tr>
+<td width="180"><a href="https://bestproxy.com/?keyword=a2e8iuol"><img src="assets/partners/logos/bestproxy.png" alt="bestproxy" width="150"></a></td>
+<td>感谢 Bestproxy 赞助了本项目！<a href="https://bestproxy.com/?keyword=a2e8iuol">Bestproxy</a> 是一家提供高纯度住宅IP，支持一号一IP独享，结合真实家庭网络与指纹隔离，可实现链路环境隔离，降低关联风控概率。</td>
+</tr>
+
 </table>
 
 ## 生态项目
@@ -679,7 +684,9 @@ sub2api/
 
 ## 许可证
 
-MIT License
+本项目基于 [GNU 宽通用公共许可证 v3.0](LICENSE)（或更高版本）授权。
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 Wesley Liddick
 
 ---
 

README_JA.md

@@ -95,6 +95,11 @@ Sub2API は、AI 製品のサブスクリプションから API クォータを
 <td>本プロジェクトにご支援いただいた BmoPlus に感謝いたします！BmoPlusは、AIサブスクリプションのヘビーユーザー向けに特化した信頼性の高いAIアカウントサービスプロバイダーであり、安定した ChatGPT Plus / ChatGPT Pro (完全保証) / Claude Pro / Super Grok / Gemini Pro の公式代行チャージおよび即納アカウントを提供しています。こちらの<a href="https://shop.bmoplus.com/?utm_source=github">BmoPlus AIアカウント専門店/代行チャージ</a>経由でご登録・ご注文いただいたユーザー様は、GPTを 公式サイト価格の約1割（90% OFF） という驚異的な価格でご利用いただけます！</td>
 </tr>
 
+<tr>
+<td width="180"><a href="https://bestproxy.com/?keyword=a2e8iuol"><img src="assets/partners/logos/bestproxy.png" alt="bestproxy" width="150"></a></td>
+<td>Bestproxy のご支援に感謝します！<a href="https://bestproxy.com/?keyword=a2e8iuol">Bestproxy</a> は高純度の住宅IPを提供し、1アカウント1IP専有をサポートしています。実際の家庭ネットワークとフィンガープリント分離を組み合わせることで、リンク環境の分離を実現し、関連付けによるリスク管理の確率を低減します。</td>
+</tr>
+
 </table>
 
 ## エコシステム
@@ -617,7 +622,9 @@ sub2api/
 
 ## ライセンス
 
-MIT License
+本プロジェクトは [GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0](LICENSE)（またはそれ以降のバージョン）の下でライセンスされています。
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 Wesley Liddick
 
 ---
 

backend/internal/config/config.go

@@ -52,6 +52,11 @@ const (
 	ConnectionPoolIsolationAccountProxy = "account_proxy"
 )
 
+// DefaultUpstreamResponseReadMaxBytes 上游非流式响应体的默认读取上限。
+// 128 MB 可容纳 2-3 张 4K PNG（base64 膨胀 33%，单张 4K PNG 最坏约 67MB base64）。
+// 可通过 gateway.upstream_response_read_max_bytes 配置项覆盖。
+const DefaultUpstreamResponseReadMaxBytes int64 = 128 * 1024 * 1024
+
 type Config struct {
 	Server                  ServerConfig                  `mapstructure:"server"`
 	Log                     LogConfig                     `mapstructure:"log"`
@@ -1407,7 +1412,7 @@ func setDefaults() {
 	viper.SetDefault("gateway.antigravity_fallback_cooldown_minutes", 1)
 	viper.SetDefault("gateway.antigravity_extra_retries", 10)
 	viper.SetDefault("gateway.max_body_size", int64(256*1024*1024))
-	viper.SetDefault("gateway.upstream_response_read_max_bytes", int64(8*1024*1024))
+	viper.SetDefault("gateway.upstream_response_read_max_bytes", DefaultUpstreamResponseReadMaxBytes)
 	viper.SetDefault("gateway.proxy_probe_response_read_max_bytes", int64(1024*1024))
 	viper.SetDefault("gateway.gemini_debug_response_headers", false)
 	viper.SetDefault("gateway.connection_pool_isolation", ConnectionPoolIsolationAccountProxy)

backend/internal/handler/payment_handler.go

@@ -215,7 +215,10 @@ type CreateOrderRequest struct {
 	PaymentSource     string  `json:"payment_source"`
 	OrderType         string  `json:"order_type"`
 	PlanID            int64   `json:"plan_id"`
-	IsMobile          *bool   `json:"is_mobile,omitempty"`
+	// IsMobile lets the frontend declare its mobile status directly. When
+	// nil we fall back to User-Agent heuristics (which miss iPadOS / some
+	// embedded browsers that strip the "Mobile" keyword).
+	IsMobile *bool `json:"is_mobile,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // CreateOrder creates a new payment order.
@@ -247,7 +250,6 @@ func (h *PaymentHandler) CreateOrder(c *gin.Context) {
 	if req.IsMobile != nil {
 		mobile = *req.IsMobile
 	}
-
 	result, err := h.paymentService.CreateOrder(c.Request.Context(), service.CreateOrderRequest{
 		UserID:          subject.UserID,
 		Amount:          req.Amount,

backend/internal/payment/crypto.go

@@ -10,12 +10,20 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 )
 
+// AES256KeySize is the required key length (in bytes) for AES-256-GCM.
+const AES256KeySize = 32
+
 // Encrypt encrypts plaintext using AES-256-GCM with the given 32-byte key.
 // The output format is "iv:authTag:ciphertext" where each component is base64-encoded,
 // matching the Node.js crypto.ts format for cross-compatibility.
+//
+// Deprecated: payment provider configs are now stored as plaintext JSON.
+// This function is kept only for seeding legacy ciphertext in tests and for
+// the transitional Decrypt fallback. Scheduled for removal after all live
+// deployments complete migration by re-saving their configs.
 func Encrypt(plaintext string, key []byte) (string, error) {
-	if len(key) != 32 {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("encryption key must be 32 bytes, got %d", len(key))
+	if len(key) != AES256KeySize {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("encryption key must be %d bytes, got %d", AES256KeySize, len(key))
 	}
 
 	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
@@ -51,9 +59,14 @@ func Encrypt(plaintext string, key []byte) (string, error) {
 
 // Decrypt decrypts a ciphertext string produced by Encrypt.
 // The input format is "iv:authTag:ciphertext" where each component is base64-encoded.
+//
+// Deprecated: payment provider configs are now stored as plaintext JSON.
+// This function remains only as a read-path fallback for pre-migration
+// ciphertext records. Scheduled for removal once all deployments re-save
+// their provider configs through the admin UI.
 func Decrypt(ciphertext string, key []byte) (string, error) {
-	if len(key) != 32 {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("encryption key must be 32 bytes, got %d", len(key))
+	if len(key) != AES256KeySize {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("encryption key must be %d bytes, got %d", AES256KeySize, len(key))
 	}
 
 	parts := strings.SplitN(ciphertext, ":", 3)

backend/internal/payment/load_balancer.go

@@ -297,6 +297,9 @@ func (lb *DefaultLoadBalancer) buildSelection(selected *dbent.PaymentProviderIns
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decrypt instance %d config: %w", selected.ID, err)
 	}
+	if config == nil {
+		config = map[string]string{}
+	}
 
 	if selected.PaymentMode != "" {
 		config["paymentMode"] = selected.PaymentMode
@@ -311,16 +314,36 @@ func (lb *DefaultLoadBalancer) buildSelection(selected *dbent.PaymentProviderIns
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (lb *DefaultLoadBalancer) decryptConfig(encrypted string) (map[string]string, error) {
-	plaintext, err := Decrypt(encrypted, lb.encryptionKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+// decryptConfig parses a stored provider config.
+// New records are plaintext JSON; legacy records are AES-256-GCM ciphertext.
+// Unreadable values (legacy ciphertext without a valid key, or malformed data)
+// are treated as empty so the service keeps running while the admin re-enters
+// the config via the UI.
+//
+// TODO(deprecated-legacy-ciphertext): The AES fallback branch below is a
+// transitional compatibility shim for pre-plaintext records. Remove it (and
+// the encryptionKey field + the Decrypt import) after a few releases once all
+// live deployments have re-saved their provider configs through the UI.
+func (lb *DefaultLoadBalancer) decryptConfig(stored string) (map[string]string, error) {
+	if stored == "" {
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 	var config map[string]string
-	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(plaintext), &config); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal config: %w", err)
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(stored), &config); err == nil {
+		return config, nil
+	}
+	// Deprecated: legacy AES-256-GCM ciphertext fallback — scheduled for removal.
+	if len(lb.encryptionKey) == AES256KeySize {
+		//nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: intentional legacy fallback, scheduled for removal
+		if plaintext, err := Decrypt(stored, lb.encryptionKey); err == nil {
+			if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(plaintext), &config); err == nil {
+				return config, nil
+			}
+		}
 	}
-	return config, nil
+	slog.Warn("payment provider config unreadable, treating as empty for re-entry",
+		"stored_len", len(stored))
+	return nil, nil
 }
 
 // GetInstanceDailyAmount returns the total completed order amount for an instance today.

backend/internal/payment/load_balancer_test.go

@@ -474,6 +474,103 @@ func TestStartOfDay(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDecryptConfig_PlaintextAndLegacyCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	key := make([]byte, AES256KeySize)
+	for i := range key {
+		key[i] = byte(i + 1)
+	}
+	wrongKey := make([]byte, AES256KeySize)
+	for i := range wrongKey {
+		wrongKey[i] = byte(0xFF - i)
+	}
+
+	plaintextJSON := `{"appId":"app-123","secret":"sec-xyz"}`
+
+	legacyEncrypted, err := Encrypt(plaintextJSON, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed Encrypt: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		stored string
+		key    []byte
+		want   map[string]string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:   "empty stored returns nil map",
+			stored: "",
+			key:    key,
+			want:   nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "plaintext JSON parses directly",
+			stored: plaintextJSON,
+			key:    nil,
+			want:   map[string]string{"appId": "app-123", "secret": "sec-xyz"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "plaintext JSON works even with key present",
+			stored: plaintextJSON,
+			key:    key,
+			want:   map[string]string{"appId": "app-123", "secret": "sec-xyz"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "legacy ciphertext with correct key decrypts",
+			stored: legacyEncrypted,
+			key:    key,
+			want:   map[string]string{"appId": "app-123", "secret": "sec-xyz"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "legacy ciphertext with no key treated as empty",
+			stored: legacyEncrypted,
+			key:    nil,
+			want:   nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "legacy ciphertext with wrong key treated as empty",
+			stored: legacyEncrypted,
+			key:    wrongKey,
+			want:   nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "garbage data treated as empty",
+			stored: "not-json-and-not-ciphertext",
+			key:    key,
+			want:   nil,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			lb := NewDefaultLoadBalancer(nil, tt.key)
+			got, err := lb.decryptConfig(tt.stored)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("decryptConfig unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+			if !stringMapEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Fatalf("decryptConfig = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// stringMapEqual compares two map[string]string values; nil and empty are equal.
+func stringMapEqual(a, b map[string]string) bool {
+	if len(a) != len(b) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for k, v := range a {
+		if bv, ok := b[k]; !ok || bv != v {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Helpers
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

backend/internal/payment/provider/alipay.go

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ import (
 
 // Alipay product codes.
 const (
-	alipayProductCodePagePay = "FAST_INSTANT_TRADE_PAY"
 	alipayProductCodeWapPay  = "QUICK_WAP_WAY"
+	alipayProductCodePagePay = "FAST_INSTANT_TRADE_PAY"
 )
 
 // Alipay response constants.
@@ -102,8 +102,13 @@ func (a *Alipay) MerchantIdentityMetadata() map[string]string {
 	return map[string]string{"app_id": appID}
 }
 
-// CreatePayment creates an Alipay payment page URL.
-func (a *Alipay) CreatePayment(ctx context.Context, req payment.CreatePaymentRequest) (*payment.CreatePaymentResponse, error) {
+// CreatePayment creates an Alipay payment using redirect-only flow:
+//   - Mobile (H5): alipay.trade.wap.pay — returns a URL the browser jumps to.
+//   - PC: alipay.trade.page.pay — returns a gateway URL the browser opens in a
+//     new window; Alipay's own page then shows login/QR. We intentionally do
+//     NOT encode the URL into a QR on the client (it isn't a scannable payload
+//     and would produce an invalid scan result).
+func (a *Alipay) CreatePayment(_ context.Context, req payment.CreatePaymentRequest) (*payment.CreatePaymentResponse, error) {
 	client, err := a.getClient()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -119,44 +124,46 @@ func (a *Alipay) CreatePayment(ctx context.Context, req payment.CreatePaymentReq
 	}
 
 	if req.IsMobile {
-		return a.createTrade(ctx, client, req, notifyURL, returnURL, true)
+		return a.createWapTrade(client, req, notifyURL, returnURL)
 	}
-	return a.createTrade(ctx, client, req, notifyURL, returnURL, false)
+	return a.createPagePayTrade(client, req, notifyURL, returnURL)
 }
 
-func (a *Alipay) createTrade(ctx context.Context, client *alipay.Client, req payment.CreatePaymentRequest, notifyURL, returnURL string, isMobile bool) (*payment.CreatePaymentResponse, error) {
-	if isMobile {
-		param := alipay.TradeWapPay{}
-		param.OutTradeNo = req.OrderID
-		param.TotalAmount = req.Amount
-		param.Subject = req.Subject
-		param.ProductCode = alipayProductCodeWapPay
-		param.NotifyURL = notifyURL
-		param.ReturnURL = returnURL
-
-		payURL, err := alipayTradeWapPay(client, param)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("alipay TradeWapPay: %w", err)
-		}
-		return &payment.CreatePaymentResponse{
-			TradeNo: req.OrderID,
-			PayURL:  payURL.String(),
-		}, nil
+func (a *Alipay) createWapTrade(client *alipay.Client, req payment.CreatePaymentRequest, notifyURL, returnURL string) (*payment.CreatePaymentResponse, error) {
+	param := alipay.TradeWapPay{}
+	param.OutTradeNo = req.OrderID
+	param.TotalAmount = req.Amount
+	param.Subject = req.Subject
+	param.ProductCode = alipayProductCodeWapPay
+	param.NotifyURL = notifyURL
+	param.ReturnURL = returnURL
+
+	payURL, err := client.TradeWapPay(param)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("alipay TradeWapPay: %w", err)
 	}
+	return &payment.CreatePaymentResponse{
+		TradeNo: req.OrderID,
+		PayURL:  payURL.String(),
+	}, nil
+}
 
-	param := alipay.TradePreCreate{}
+func (a *Alipay) createPagePayTrade(client *alipay.Client, req payment.CreatePaymentRequest, notifyURL, returnURL string) (*payment.CreatePaymentResponse, error) {
+	param := alipay.TradePagePay{}
 	param.OutTradeNo = req.OrderID
 	param.TotalAmount = req.Amount
 	param.Subject = req.Subject
+	param.ProductCode = alipayProductCodePagePay
 	param.NotifyURL = notifyURL
+	param.ReturnURL = returnURL
 
-	resp, err := alipayTradePreCreate(ctx, client, param)
+	payURL, err := alipayTradePagePay(client, param)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("alipay TradePreCreate: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("alipay TradePagePay: %w", err)
 	}
 	return &payment.CreatePaymentResponse{
 		TradeNo: req.OrderID,
-		QRCode:  strings.TrimSpace(resp.QRCode),
+		PayURL:  payURL.String(),
 	}, nil
 }
 

backend/internal/payment/provider/wxpay.go

@@ -3,16 +3,17 @@ package provider
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"crypto/rsa"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/payment"
+	infraerrors "github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/wechatpay-apiv3/wechatpay-go/core"
 	"github.com/wechatpay-apiv3/wechatpay-go/core/auth/verifiers"
 	"github.com/wechatpay-apiv3/wechatpay-go/core/notify"
@@ -84,15 +85,35 @@ type Wxpay struct {
 	notifyHandler *notify.Handler
 }
 
+const wxpayAPIv3KeyLength = 32
+
 func NewWxpay(instanceID string, config map[string]string) (*Wxpay, error) {
-	required := []string{"appId", "mchId", "privateKey", "apiV3Key", "publicKey", "publicKeyId", "certSerial"}
+	// All fields are required. Platform-certificate mode is intentionally unsupported —
+	// WeChat has been migrating all merchants to the pubkey verifier since 2024-10,
+	// and newly-provisioned merchants cannot download platform certificates at all.
+	required := []string{"appId", "mchId", "privateKey", "apiV3Key", "certSerial", "publicKey", "publicKeyId"}
 	for _, k := range required {
 		if config[k] == "" {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("wxpay config missing required key: %s", k)
+			return nil, infraerrors.BadRequest("WXPAY_CONFIG_MISSING_KEY", "missing_required_key").
+				WithMetadata(map[string]string{"key": k})
 		}
 	}
-	if len(config["apiV3Key"]) != 32 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wxpay apiV3Key must be exactly 32 bytes, got %d", len(config["apiV3Key"]))
+	if len(config["apiV3Key"]) != wxpayAPIv3KeyLength {
+		return nil, infraerrors.BadRequest("WXPAY_CONFIG_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH", "invalid_key_length").
+			WithMetadata(map[string]string{
+				"key":      "apiV3Key",
+				"expected": strconv.Itoa(wxpayAPIv3KeyLength),
+				"actual":   strconv.Itoa(len(config["apiV3Key"])),
+			})
+	}
+	// Parse PEMs eagerly so malformed keys surface at save time, not at order creation.
+	if _, err := utils.LoadPrivateKey(formatPEM(config["privateKey"], "PRIVATE KEY")); err != nil {
+		return nil, infraerrors.BadRequest("WXPAY_CONFIG_INVALID_KEY", "invalid_key").
+			WithMetadata(map[string]string{"key": "privateKey"})
+	}
+	if _, err := utils.LoadPublicKey(formatPEM(config["publicKey"], "PUBLIC KEY")); err != nil {
+		return nil, infraerrors.BadRequest("WXPAY_CONFIG_INVALID_KEY", "invalid_key").
+			WithMetadata(map[string]string{"key": "publicKey"})
 	}
 	return &Wxpay{instanceID: instanceID, config: config}, nil
 }
@@ -127,14 +148,19 @@ func (w *Wxpay) ensureClient() (*core.Client, error) {
 	if w.coreClient != nil {
 		return w.coreClient, nil
 	}
-	privateKey, publicKey, err := w.loadKeyPair()
+	privateKey, err := utils.LoadPrivateKey(formatPEM(w.config["privateKey"], "PRIVATE KEY"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, infraerrors.BadRequest("WXPAY_CONFIG_INVALID_KEY", "invalid_key").
+			WithMetadata(map[string]string{"key": "privateKey"})
+	}
+	publicKey, err := utils.LoadPublicKey(formatPEM(w.config["publicKey"], "PUBLIC KEY"))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, infraerrors.BadRequest("WXPAY_CONFIG_INVALID_KEY", "invalid_key").
+			WithMetadata(map[string]string{"key": "publicKey"})
 	}
-	certSerial := w.config["certSerial"]
 	verifier := verifiers.NewSHA256WithRSAPubkeyVerifier(w.config["publicKeyId"], *publicKey)
 	client, err := core.NewClient(context.Background(),
-		option.WithMerchantCredential(w.config["mchId"], certSerial, privateKey),
+		option.WithMerchantCredential(w.config["mchId"], w.config["certSerial"], privateKey),
 		option.WithVerifier(verifier))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wxpay init client: %w", err)
@@ -148,18 +174,6 @@ func (w *Wxpay) ensureClient() (*core.Client, error) {
 	return w.coreClient, nil
 }
 
-func (w *Wxpay) loadKeyPair() (*rsa.PrivateKey, *rsa.PublicKey, error) {
-	privateKey, err := utils.LoadPrivateKey(formatPEM(w.config["privateKey"], "PRIVATE KEY"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("wxpay load private key: %w", err)
-	}
-	publicKey, err := utils.LoadPublicKey(formatPEM(w.config["publicKey"], "PUBLIC KEY"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("wxpay load public key: %w", err)
-	}
-	return privateKey, publicKey, nil
-}
-
 func (w *Wxpay) CreatePayment(ctx context.Context, req payment.CreatePaymentRequest) (*payment.CreatePaymentResponse, error) {
 	client, err := w.ensureClient()
 	if err != nil {

backend/internal/payment/provider/wxpay_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ package provider
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/rsa"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/pem"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -16,6 +20,26 @@ import (
 	"github.com/wechatpay-apiv3/wechatpay-go/services/payments/native"
 )
 
+// generateTestKeyPair returns a fresh RSA 2048 key pair as PEM strings.
+// The wechatpay-go SDK expects PKCS8 private keys and PKIX public keys.
+func generateTestKeyPair(t *testing.T) (privPEM, pubPEM string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	key, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("generate rsa key: %v", err)
+	}
+	privDER, err := x509.MarshalPKCS8PrivateKey(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal pkcs8: %v", err)
+	}
+	pubDER, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(&key.PublicKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal pkix: %v", err)
+	}
+	return string(pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "PRIVATE KEY", Bytes: privDER})),
+		string(pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "PUBLIC KEY", Bytes: pubDER}))
+}
+
 func TestMapWxState(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -183,13 +207,14 @@ func TestFormatPEM(t *testing.T) {
 func TestNewWxpay(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
+	privPEM, pubPEM := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 	validConfig := map[string]string{
 		"appId":       "wx1234567890",
 		"mchId":       "1234567890",
-		"privateKey":  "fake-private-key",
+		"privateKey":  privPEM,
 		"apiV3Key":    "12345678901234567890123456789012", // exactly 32 bytes
-		"publicKey":   "fake-public-key",
-		"publicKeyId": "key-id-001",
+		"publicKey":   pubPEM,
+		"publicKeyId": "PUB_KEY_ID_TEST",
 		"certSerial":  "SERIAL001",
 	}
 
@@ -240,6 +265,12 @@ func TestNewWxpay(t *testing.T) {
 			wantErr:   true,
 			errSubstr: "apiV3Key",
 		},
+		{
+			name:      "missing certSerial",
+			config:    withOverride(map[string]string{"certSerial": ""}),
+			wantErr:   true,
+			errSubstr: "certSerial",
+		},
 		{
 			name:      "missing publicKey",
 			config:    withOverride(map[string]string{"publicKey": ""}),
@@ -252,17 +283,29 @@ func TestNewWxpay(t *testing.T) {
 			wantErr:   true,
 			errSubstr: "publicKeyId",
 		},
+		{
+			name:      "malformed privateKey PEM",
+			config:    withOverride(map[string]string{"privateKey": "not-a-valid-pem"}),
+			wantErr:   true,
+			errSubstr: "WXPAY_CONFIG_INVALID_KEY",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "malformed publicKey PEM",
+			config:    withOverride(map[string]string{"publicKey": "not-a-valid-pem"}),
+			wantErr:   true,
+			errSubstr: "WXPAY_CONFIG_INVALID_KEY",
+		},
 		{
 			name:      "apiV3Key too short",
 			config:    withOverride(map[string]string{"apiV3Key": "short"}),
 			wantErr:   true,
-			errSubstr: "exactly 32 bytes",
+			errSubstr: "WXPAY_CONFIG_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH",
 		},
 		{
 			name:      "apiV3Key too long",
 			config:    withOverride(map[string]string{"apiV3Key": "123456789012345678901234567890123"}), // 33 bytes
 			wantErr:   true,
-			errSubstr: "exactly 32 bytes",
+			errSubstr: "WXPAY_CONFIG_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH",
 		},
 	}
 

backend/internal/pkg/openai/constants.go

@@ -17,16 +17,9 @@ type Model struct {
 var DefaultModels = []Model{
 	{ID: "gpt-5.4", Object: "model", Created: 1738368000, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.4"},
 	{ID: "gpt-5.4-mini", Object: "model", Created: 1738368000, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.4 Mini"},
-	{ID: "gpt-5.4-nano", Object: "model", Created: 1738368000, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.4 Nano"},
 	{ID: "gpt-5.3-codex", Object: "model", Created: 1735689600, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.3 Codex"},
 	{ID: "gpt-5.3-codex-spark", Object: "model", Created: 1735689600, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.3 Codex Spark"},
 	{ID: "gpt-5.2", Object: "model", Created: 1733875200, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.2"},
-	{ID: "gpt-5.2-codex", Object: "model", Created: 1733011200, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.2 Codex"},
-	{ID: "gpt-5.1-codex-max", Object: "model", Created: 1730419200, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.1 Codex Max"},
-	{ID: "gpt-5.1-codex", Object: "model", Created: 1730419200, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.1 Codex"},
-	{ID: "gpt-5.1", Object: "model", Created: 1731456000, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.1"},
-	{ID: "gpt-5.1-codex-mini", Object: "model", Created: 1730419200, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5.1 Codex Mini"},
-	{ID: "gpt-5", Object: "model", Created: 1722988800, OwnedBy: "openai", Type: "model", DisplayName: "GPT-5"},
 }
 
 // DefaultModelIDs returns the default model ID list
@@ -39,7 +32,7 @@ func DefaultModelIDs() []string {
 }
 
 // DefaultTestModel default model for testing OpenAI accounts
-const DefaultTestModel = "gpt-5.1-codex"
+const DefaultTestModel = "gpt-5.4"
 
 // DefaultInstructions default instructions for non-Codex CLI requests
 // Content loaded from instructions.txt at compile time

backend/internal/repository/account_repo.go

@@ -438,6 +438,9 @@ func (r *accountRepository) Delete(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
 	if _, err := txClient.AccountGroup.Delete().Where(dbaccountgroup.AccountIDEQ(id)).Exec(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if _, err := txClient.ExecContext(ctx, "DELETE FROM scheduled_test_plans WHERE account_id = $1", id); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if _, err := txClient.Account.Delete().Where(dbaccount.IDEQ(id)).Exec(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

backend/internal/service/account.go

@@ -121,6 +121,9 @@ func (a *Account) IsSchedulable() bool {
 	if a.TempUnschedulableUntil != nil && now.Before(*a.TempUnschedulableUntil) {
 		return false
 	}
+	if a.IsAPIKeyOrBedrock() && a.IsQuotaExceeded() {
+		return false
+	}
 	return true
 }
 

backend/internal/service/account_quota_schedulable_test.go

+//go:build unit
+
+package service
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestAccountIsSchedulable_QuotaExceeded(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Now()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		account *Account
+		want    bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "apikey daily quota exceeded",
+			account: &Account{
+				Status:      StatusActive,
+				Schedulable: true,
+				Type:        AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Extra: map[string]any{
+					"quota_daily_limit": 10.0,
+					"quota_daily_used":  10.0,
+					"quota_daily_start": now.Add(-1 * time.Hour).Format(time.RFC3339),
+				},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "apikey weekly quota exceeded",
+			account: &Account{
+				Status:      StatusActive,
+				Schedulable: true,
+				Type:        AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Extra: map[string]any{
+					"quota_weekly_limit": 50.0,
+					"quota_weekly_used":  50.0,
+					"quota_weekly_start": now.Add(-2 * 24 * time.Hour).Format(time.RFC3339),
+				},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "apikey total quota exceeded",
+			account: &Account{
+				Status:      StatusActive,
+				Schedulable: true,
+				Type:        AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Extra: map[string]any{
+					"quota_limit": 100.0,
+					"quota_used":  100.0,
+				},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "apikey quota not exceeded",
+			account: &Account{
+				Status:      StatusActive,
+				Schedulable: true,
+				Type:        AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Extra: map[string]any{
+					"quota_daily_limit": 10.0,
+					"quota_daily_used":  5.0,
+					"quota_daily_start": now.Add(-1 * time.Hour).Format(time.RFC3339),
+				},
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "apikey expired daily period restores schedulable",
+			account: &Account{
+				Status:      StatusActive,
+				Schedulable: true,
+				Type:        AccountTypeAPIKey,
+				Extra: map[string]any{
+					"quota_daily_limit": 10.0,
+					"quota_daily_used":  10.0,
+					"quota_daily_start": now.Add(-25 * time.Hour).Format(time.RFC3339),
+				},
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "oauth ignores quota exceeded",
+			account: &Account{
+				Status:      StatusActive,
+				Schedulable: true,
+				Type:        AccountTypeOAuth,
+				Extra: map[string]any{
+					"quota_daily_limit": 10.0,
+					"quota_daily_used":  10.0,
+					"quota_daily_start": now.Add(-1 * time.Hour).Format(time.RFC3339),
+				},
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "bedrock quota exceeded",
+			account: &Account{
+				Status:      StatusActive,
+				Schedulable: true,
+				Type:        AccountTypeBedrock,
+				Extra: map[string]any{
+					"quota_limit": 200.0,
+					"quota_used":  200.0,
+				},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, tt.account.IsSchedulable())
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/service/admin_service.go

@@ -651,6 +651,15 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) assignDefaultSubscriptions(ctx context.Context, userI
 }
 
 func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *UpdateUserInput) (*User, error) {
+	// 校验用户专属分组倍率：必须 > 0（nil 合法，表示清除专属倍率）
+	if input.GroupRates != nil {
+		for groupID, rate := range input.GroupRates {
+			if rate != nil && *rate <= 0 {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("rate_multiplier must be > 0 (group_id=%d)", groupID)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	user, err := s.userRepo.GetByID(ctx, id)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -1108,6 +1117,10 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) GetGroup(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*Group, erro
 }
 
 func (s *adminServiceImpl) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, input *CreateGroupInput) (*Group, error) {
+	if input.RateMultiplier <= 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("rate_multiplier must be > 0")
+	}
+
 	platform := input.Platform
 	if platform == "" {
 		platform = PlatformAnthropic
@@ -1347,6 +1360,9 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) UpdateGroup(ctx context.Context, id int64, input *Upd
 		group.Platform = input.Platform
 	}
 	if input.RateMultiplier != nil {
+		if *input.RateMultiplier <= 0 {
+			return nil, errors.New("rate_multiplier must be > 0")
+		}
 		group.RateMultiplier = *input.RateMultiplier
 	}
 	if input.IsExclusive != nil {
@@ -1583,6 +1599,11 @@ func (s *adminServiceImpl) BatchSetGroupRateMultipliers(ctx context.Context, gro
 	if s.userGroupRateRepo == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		if e.RateMultiplier <= 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("rate_multiplier must be > 0 (user_id=%d)", e.UserID)
+		}
+	}
 	return s.userGroupRateRepo.SyncGroupRateMultipliers(ctx, groupID, entries)
 }