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Extend memory attributes to map non-cacheable memory

Initialize secondary CPUs during cold boot

Porting guide: Clarify API that don't follow AAPCS

Compile stdlib C files individually

The previous reset code in BL1 performed the following steps in
order:

1. Warm/Cold boot detection.
   If it's a warm boot, jump to warm boot entrypoint.

2. Primary/Secondary CPU detection.
   If it's a secondary CPU, jump to plat_secondary_cold_boot_setup(),
   which doesn't return.

3. CPU initialisations (cache, TLB...).

4. Memory and C runtime initialization.

For a secondary CPU, steps 3 and 4 are never reached. This shouldn't
be a problem in most cases, since current implementations of
plat_secondary_cold_boot_setup() either panic or power down the
secondary CPUs.

The main concern is the lack of secondary CPU initialization when
bare metal EL3 payloads are used in case they don't take care of this
initialisation themselves.

This patch moves the detection of primary/secondary CPU after step 3
so that the CPU initialisations are performed per-CPU, while the
memory and the C runtime initialisation are only performed on the
primary CPU. The diagrams used in the ARM Trusted Firmware Reset
Design documentation file have been updated to reflect the new boot
flow.

Platforms ports might be affected by this patch depending on the
behaviour of plat_secondary_cold_boot_setup(), as the state of the
platform when entering this function will be different.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#342

Change-Id: Icbf4a0ee2a3e5b856030064472f9fa6696f2eb9e

This patch clarifies a porting API in the Porting Guide that do not
follow the ARM Architecture Program Calling Standards (AAPCS). The
list of registers that are allowed to be clobbered by this API has
been updated in the Porting Guide.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#259

Change-Id: Ibf2adda2e1fb3e9b8f53d8a918d5998356eb8fce

At the moment, the memory translation library allows to create memory
mappings of 2 types:

 - Device nGnRE memory (named MT_DEVICE in the library);

 - Normal, Inner Write-back non-transient, Outer Write-back
   non-transient memory (named MT_MEMORY in the library).

As a consequence, the library code treats the memory type field as a
boolean: everything that is not device memory is normal memory and
vice-versa.

In reality, the ARMv8 architecture allows up to 8 types of memory to
be used at a single time for a given exception level. This patch
reworks the memory attributes such that the memory type is now defined
as an integer ranging from 0 to 7 instead of a boolean. This makes it
possible to extend the list of memory types supported by the memory
translation library.

The priority system dictating memory attributes for overlapping
memory regions has been extended to cope with these changes but the
algorithm at its core has been preserved. When a memory region is
re-mapped with different memory attributes, the memory translation
library examines the former attributes and updates them only if
the new attributes create a more restrictive mapping. This behaviour
is unchanged, only the manipulation of the value has been modified
to cope with the new format.

This patch also introduces a new type of memory mapping in the memory
translation library: MT_NON_CACHEABLE, meaning Normal, Inner
Non-cacheable, Outer Non-cacheable memory. This can be useful to map
a non-cacheable memory region, such as a DMA buffer for example.

The rules around the Execute-Never (XN) bit in a translation table
for an MT_NON_CACHEABLE memory mapping have been aligned on the rules
used for MT_MEMORY mappings:
 - If the memory is read-only then it is also executable (XN = 0);
 - If the memory is read-write then it is not executable (XN = 1).

The shareability field for MT_NON_CACHEABLE mappings is always set as
'Outer-Shareable'. Note that this is not strictly needed since
shareability is only relevant if the memory is a Normal Cacheable
memory type, but this is to align with the existing device memory
mappings setup. All Device and Normal Non-cacheable memory regions
are always treated as Outer Shareable, regardless of the translation
table shareability attributes.

This patch also removes the 'ATTR_SO' and 'ATTR_SO_INDEX' #defines.
They were introduced to map memory as Device nGnRnE (formerly called
"Strongly-Ordered" memory in the ARMv7 architecture) but were not
used anywhere in the code base. Removing them avoids any confusion
about the memory types supported by the library.

Upstream platforms do not currently use the MT_NON_CACHEABLE memory
type.

NOTE: THIS CHANGE IS SOURCE COMPATIBLE BUT PLATFORMS THAT RELY ON THE
BINARY VALUES OF `mmap_attr_t` or the `attr` argument of
`mmap_add_region()` MAY BE BROKEN.

Change-Id: I717d6ed79b4c845a04e34132432f98b93d661d79

All C files of stdlib were included into std.c, which was the file
that the Makefile actually compiled. This is a poor way of compiling
all the files and, while it may work fine most times, it's
discouraged.

In this particular case, each C file included its own headers, which
were later included into std.c. For example, this caused problems
because a duplicated typedef of u_short in both subr_prf.c and
types.h. While that may require an issue on its own, this kind of
problems are avoided if all C files are as independent as possible.

Change-Id: I9a7833fd2933003f19a5d7db921ed8542ea2d04a

Fix the inconsistencies in bl1_tbbr_image_descs[]

Fix potential deadlock in PL011 init function

The PL011 initialization function disables the UART, flushes the FIFO
and waits for the current character to be transmitted before applying
the configuration and enabling the UART. This waiting might result in
a deadlock if the FIFO is disabled while another CPU is printing a
message since the flush of FIFO will never finish.

This patch fixes the problem by removing the flush operation and the
loop for last character completion from the initialization function.
The UART is disabled, configured and enabled again.

Change-Id: I1ca0b6bd9f352c12856f10f174a9f6eaca3ab4ea

This patch fixes inconsistencies in bl1_tbbr_image_descs[]
and miscellaneous fixes in Firmware Update code.

Following are the changes:
* As part of the original FWU changes, a `copied_size`
  field was added to `image_info_t`. This was a subtle binary
  compatibility break because it changed the size of the
  `bl31_params_t` struct, which could cause problems if
  somebody used different versions of BL2 or BL31, one with
  the old `image_info_t` and one with the new version.
  This patch put the `copied_size` within the `image_desc_t`.
* EXECUTABLE flag is now stored in `ep_info.h.attr` in place
  of `image_info.h.attr`, associating it to an entrypoint.
* The `image_info.image_base` is only relevant for secure
  images that are copied from non-secure memory into secure
  memory. This patch removes initializing `image_base` for
  non secure images in the bl1_tbbr_image_descs[].
* A new macro `SET_STATIC_PARAM_HEAD` is added for populating
  bl1_tbbr_image_descs[].ep_info/image_info.h members statically.
  The version, image_type and image attributes are now
  populated using this new macro.
* Added PLAT_ARM_NVM_BASE and PLAT_ARM_NVM_SIZE to avoid direct
  usage of V2M_FLASH0_XXX in plat/arm/common/arm_bl1_fwu.c.
* Refactoring of code/macros related to SECURE and EXECUTABLE flags.

NOTE: PLATFORM PORTS THAT RELY ON THE SIZE OF `image_info_t`
      OR USE the "EXECUTABLE" BIT WITHIN `image_info_t.h.attr`
      OR USE THEIR OWN `image_desc_t` ARRAY IN BL1, MAY BE
      BROKEN BY THIS CHANGE. THIS IS CONSIDERED UNLIKELY.

Change-Id: Id4e5989af7bf0ed263d19d3751939da1169b561d

Rationalise MMU and Page table related constants on ARM platforms

`board_arm_def.h` contains multiple definitions of
`PLAT_ARM_MMAP_ENTRIES` and `MAX_XLAT_TABLES` that are optimised for
memory usage depending upon the chosen build configuration. To ease
maintenance of these constants, this patch replaces their multiple
definitions with a single set of definitions that will work on all ARM
platforms.

Platforms can override the defaults with optimal values by enabling the
`ARM_BOARD_OPTIMISE_MMAP` build option. An example has been provided in
the Juno ADP port.

Additionally, `PLAT_ARM_MMAP_ENTRIES` is increased by one to accomodate
future ARM platforms.

Change-Id: I5ba6490fdd1e118cc9cc2d988ad7e9c38492b6f0

Pl061 gpio v5

Fix gpio includes of mt8173 platform to avoid collision.

Allow multi cluster topology definitions for ARM platforms

The common topology description helper funtions and macros for
ARM Standard platforms assumed a dual cluster system. This is not
flexible enough to scale to multi cluster platforms. This patch does
the following changes for more flexibility in defining topology:

1. The `plat_get_power_domain_tree_desc()` definition is moved from
   `arm_topology.c` to platform specific files, that is `fvp_topology.c`
   and `juno_topology.c`. Similarly the common definition of the porting
   macro `PLATFORM_CORE_COUNT` in `arm_def.h` is moved to platform
   specific `platform_def.h` header.

2. The ARM common layer porting macros which were dual cluster specific
   are now removed and a new macro PLAT_ARM_CLUSTER_COUNT is introduced
   which must be defined by each ARM standard platform.

3. A new mandatory ARM common layer porting API
   `plat_arm_get_cluster_core_count()` is introduced to enable the common
   implementation of `arm_check_mpidr()` to validate MPIDR.

4. For the FVP platforms, a new build option `FVP_NUM_CLUSTERS` has been
   introduced which allows the user to specify the cluster count to be
   used to build the topology tree within Trusted Firmare. This enables
   Trusted Firmware to be built for multi cluster FVP models.

Change-Id: Ie7a2e38e5661fe2fdb2c8fdf5641d2b2614c2b6b

ARM platforms: rationalise memory attributes of shared memory

Add support for %p in tf_printf()

Cortex-A57: Add link to software optimization guide

Move up FVP versions in the user guide

Remove non-ASCII character from comment

Add missing build options to the User Guide

Improve memory layout documentation

This patch adds a link to the Cortex-A57 Software Optimization Guide
in the ARM CPU Specific Build Macros document to justify the default
value of the A57_DISABLE_NON_TEMPORAL_HINT build flag.

Change-Id: I9779e42a4bb118442b2b64717ce143314ec9dd16

This patch adds support for the `%p` format specifier in tf_printf()
following the example of the printf implementation of the stdlib used
in the trusted firmware.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#292

Change-Id: I0b3230c783f735d3e039be25a9405f00023420da

The shared memory region on ARM platforms contains the mailboxes and,
on Juno, the payload area for communication with the SCP. This shared
memory may be configured as normal memory or device memory at build
time by setting the platform flag 'PLAT_ARM_SHARED_RAM_CACHED' (on
Juno, the value of this flag is defined by 'MHU_PAYLOAD_CACHED').
When set as normal memory, the platform port performs the corresponding
cache maintenance operations. From a functional point of view, this is
the equivalent of setting the shared memory as device memory, so there
is no need to maintain both options.

This patch removes the option to specify the shared memory as normal
memory on ARM platforms. Shared memory is always treated as device
memory. Cache maintenance operations are no longer needed and have
been replaced by data memory barriers to guarantee that payload and
MHU are accessed in the right order.

Change-Id: I7f958621d6a536dd4f0fa8768385eedc4295e79f

All files including plat/mediatek/mt8173/drivers/gpio/gpio.h were
using system includes instead of user includes, which may cause the
wrong version of the header to be included. Said includes have been
changed to user includes to make sure that the included file is the
wanted one.

Change-Id: I29bdfe96fbd9a7900875e2357bbb43f3ea431fa5

The folowing build options were missing from the User Guide and have been
documented:

 - CTX_INCLUDE_FPREGS
 - DISABLE_PEDANTIC
 - BUILD_STRING
 - VERSION_STRING
 - BUILD_MESSAGE_TIMESTAMP

Change-Id: I6a9c39ff52cad8ff04deff3ac197af84d437b8b7

Rework use of interconnect drivers

ARM Trusted Firmware supports 2 different interconnect peripheral
drivers: CCI and CCN. ARM platforms are implemented using either of the
interconnect peripherals.

This patch adds a layer of abstraction to help ARM platform ports to
choose the right interconnect driver and corresponding platform support.
This is as described below:

1. A set of ARM common functions have been implemented to initialise an
interconnect and for entering/exiting a cluster from coherency. These
functions are prefixed as "plat_arm_interconnect_". Weak definitions of
these functions have been provided for each type of driver.

2.`plat_print_interconnect_regs` macro used for printing CCI registers is
moved from a common arm_macros.S to cci_macros.S.

3. The `ARM_CONFIG_HAS_CCI` flag used in `arm_config_flags` structure
is renamed to `ARM_CONFIG_HAS_INTERCONNECT`.

Change-Id: I02f31184fbf79b784175892d5ce1161b65a0066c

Perform security setup separately for each ARM platform

Vk/scp flexibility

Vk/misc plat reorg

Current code mandates loading of SCP_BL2/SCP_BL2U images for all
CSS platforms. On future ARM CSS platforms, the Application
Processor (AP) might not need to load these images. So, these
items can be removed from the FIP on those platforms.

BL2 tries to load  SCP_BL2/SCP_BL2U images if their base
addresses are defined causing boot error if the images are not
found in FIP.

This change adds a make flag `CSS_LOAD_SCP_IMAGES` which if set
to `1` does:
1. Adds SCP_BL2, SCP_BL2U images to FIP.
2. Defines the base addresses of these images so that AP loads
   them.

And vice-versa if it is set to `0`. The default value is set to
`1`.

Change-Id: I5abfe22d5dc1e9d80d7809acefc87b42a462204a

Prior to this patch, it was assumed that on all ARM platforms the bare
minimal security setup required is to program TrustZone protection. This
would always be done by programming the TZC-400 which was assumed to be
present in all ARM platforms. The weak definition of
platform_arm_security_setup() in plat/arm/common/arm_security.c
reflected these assumptions.

In reality, each ARM platform either decides at runtime whether
TrustZone protection needs to be programmed (e.g. FVPs) or performs
some security setup in addition to programming TrustZone protection
(e.g. NIC setup on Juno). As a result, the weak definition of
plat_arm_security_setup() is always overridden.

When a platform needs to program TrustZone protection and implements the
TZC-400 peripheral, it uses the arm_tzc_setup() function to do so. It is
also possible to program TrustZone protection through other peripherals
that include a TrustZone controller e.g. DMC-500. The programmer's
interface is slightly different across these various peripherals.

In order to satisfy the above requirements, this patch makes the
following changes to the way security setup is done on ARM platforms.

1. arm_security.c retains the definition of arm_tzc_setup() and has been
   renamed to arm_tzc400.c. This is to reflect the reliance on the
   TZC-400 peripheral to perform TrustZone programming. The new file is
   not automatically included in all platform ports through
   arm_common.mk. Each platform must include it explicitly in a platform
   specific makefile if needed.

   This approach enables introduction of similar library code to program
   TrustZone protection using a different peripheral. This code would be
   used by the subset of ARM platforms that implement this peripheral.

2. Due to #1 above, existing platforms which implements the TZC-400 have been
   updated to include the necessary files for both BL2, BL2U and BL31
   images.

Change-Id: I513c58f7a19fff2e9e9c3b95721592095bcb2735

Current code assumes `SCP_COM_SHARED_MEM_BASE` as the base address
for BOM/SCPI protocol between AP<->SCP on all CSS platforms. To
cater for future ARM platforms this is made platform specific.
Similarly, the bit shifts of `SCP_BOOT_CONFIG_ADDR` are also made
platform specific.

Change-Id: Ie8866c167abf0229a37b3c72576917f085c142e8

Functions to configure the MMU in S-EL1 and EL3 on ARM platforms
expect each platform to export its memory map in the `plat_arm_mmap`
data structure. This approach does not scale well in case the memory
map cannot be determined until runtime. To cater for this possibility,
this patch introduces the plat_arm_get_mmap() API. It returns a
reference to the `plat_arm_mmap` by default but can be overridden
by a platform if required.

Change-Id: Idae6ad8fdf40cdddcd8b992abc188455fa047c74

ARM PL061 GPIO driver requires the "PLAT_PL061_MAX_GPIOS" definition.
By default, it's defined to 32 in PL061 GPIO driver. If user wants
more PL061 controllers in platform, user should define the build
flag in platform.mk instead.
Signed-off-by: Haojian Zhuang <haojian.zhuang@linaro.org>