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As a result of branch management, the virtual inode may point a
different real inode from it used to. And aufs has to maintain its
address_space_operations, since its definition may affect the
behaviour.
I know some people (including grsec-patch) doesn't like a non-const
address_space_operations, but in order to keep the consistency of the
behaviour, the correct address_space_operations is important.

See also the document in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Aufs allows users' direct branch access (UDBA), ie. by-passing aufs.
Of course it will make aufs inode/dentry-caches obsolete. In order to
detect such change by the several tests, "udba=" option is introduced.

For details, see lookup.txt in later commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Several policies to select one among multiple writable branches.
See also the document in previous commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Aufs can have multiple writable branches, and there are several
policies to select one among them.
This commit implements default "top-down-parent" for both of
creating-policy and copyup-policy.

See also the document in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The internal file read/write for copy-up in kernelspace.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Some filesystems are natively readonly. And aufs can make a few
optimization for them. This new attribute tells aufs.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Actually prepare the whiteout bases on the adding writable branch.
For details, refer to previous commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

While the whiteout on the writable branch have its effect
unconditionally (in latter commit), the one on the readonly branch can
have its effect only when this attribute is specified explicitly.
For the branch attributes, refer to the manual in aufs-util.git.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Aufs pseudo-link (plink) represents a virtual hardlink across the
branches. To implement the plink maintenance mode, aufs uses procfs.
See also the document in this commit.

There is an external user-space utility called 'auplink' in
aufs-util.git, which has these features.
- 'list' shows the pseudo-linked inode numbers and filenames.
- 'cpup' copies-up all pseudo-link to the writable branch.
- 'flush' calls 'cpup', and then 'mount -o remount,clean_plink=inum'
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

As mentioned earlier, sometimes the size of XINO file is a problem.
Aufs has a feature to truncate it asynchronously using workqueue. But it
may not be so effective in some cases, and you may want to stop
discontiguous distribution of the inode numbers on branch fs.
See also the log in another commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

XINO and XIB files are read and written frequently after unlinked, and
it means that the remote filesystems are not suitable for them.
Additionally aufs shows their metadata via debugfs (in later commit).
To make it easier to do this, aufs expects branch filesystems to
maintain their i_size and i_blocks. And it means some filesystem are not
suitable for XINO.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

For details, see previous commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>