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Aufs allows users' direct branch access (UDBA), ie. by-passing aufs.
Of course it will make aufs inode/dentry-caches obsolete. In order to
detect such change by the several tests, "udba=" option is introduced.

For details, see lookup.txt in later commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Basically copy-up is done by these steps using au_pin (in another
commit).
- lock the target parent mutex
- lookup a negative dentry with a whiteout-ed temporary unique name
- create it
- unlock the target parent mutex
- copy filedata
- copy metadata (inode attributes)
- lock the target parent mutex
- rename the temporary name to the target name
- unlock the target parent mutex

This commit contains step2 mainly.
I hope someday aufs uses O_TMPFILE for this.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

To create/delete/rename files including copy-up, aufs acquires several
locks on the branch fs internally. These lock/unlock operations are
consolidated into struct au_pin in this commit.
au_pin handles
- LOCKDEP class
- re-validate/verify
- suspend/resume HNOTIFY

See also lookup.txt in later commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The marker to represent that the directory is opaque (stop digging
down the branch stack) is implemented as a special whiteout.

See also the document in previous commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The whiteout represents a logical deletion.
Although the document in this commit mentioned about rmdir(2) and
rename(2) for dir, this commit doesn't contain such functions. They will
be added in later commits.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

For details, see previous commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The generation of iinfo and dinfo inherit sbinfo's.
Also iinfo generation tracks the branch inode's generation to test the
matching after the branch management.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The structure is very similar to aufs inode info (in previous commit).
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>