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Copy the inode attributes between branches.
See also the document in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Aufs pseudo-link (plink) represents a virtual hardlink across the
branches. To implement the plink maintenance mode, aufs uses procfs.
See also the document in this commit.

There is an external user-space utility called 'auplink' in
aufs-util.git, which has these features.
- 'list' shows the pseudo-linked inode numbers and filenames.
- 'cpup' copies-up all pseudo-link to the writable branch.
- 'flush' calls 'cpup', and then 'mount -o remount,clean_plink=inum'
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The whiteout represents a logical deletion.
Although the document in this commit mentioned about rmdir(2) and
rename(2) for dir, this commit doesn't contain such functions. They will
be added in later commits.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

XINO and XIB files are read and written frequently after unlinked, and
it means that the remote filesystems are not suitable for them.
Additionally aufs shows their metadata via debugfs (in later commit).
To make it easier to do this, aufs expects branch filesystems to
maintain their i_size and i_blocks. And it means some filesystem are not
suitable for XINO.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

Aufs uses the workqueue both synchronously and asynchronously.
For sync-use-case, aufs uses its own specific wkq since doesn't want to
be disturbed by other tasks on the system. For async-use-case, aufs uses
the system global workqueue.
Aufs has to prevent itself to being unmounted during the async-task is
queued.

See also the document in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The branch object is managed by the sbinfo object as an element of its
internal array. The iinfo and dinfo objects contain the branch id, and
it will be used to implement the correct order in branch management
(add/del).

See also the documents in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

The structure is very similar to aufs inode info (in previous commit).
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

See the documents in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>

A header file for both of kernelspace and userspace.

For the new file fs/aufs/Kconfig, the maximum number of branches is
customizable, and it determines the type (size) of 'aufs_bindex_t.' The
type is always 'signed.' If we made it 'unsigned,' then more branches
would be available. But generally I think 127 (default) is enough and it
won't be a big issue.

For those who wants more than 127 branches, other values are
available. But we should care the size of the internal pointer arrays,
and it is good for the performance to keep it in a page at most.
AUFS_BRANCH_MAX_511 is mainly for 64bit systems which limits the
internal array size less than 4k (511 x 8bytes < 4k). Similarly for
32bit systems, AUFS_BRANCH_MAX_1023 (1023 x 4 bytes < 4k).

See also the documents in this commit.
Signed-off-by: J. R. Okajima <hooanon05g@gmail.com>