genpass-apple

#!/usr/bin/env zsh
#
# Usage: genpass-apple [NUM]
#
# Generate a password made of 6 pseudowords of 6 characters each
# with the security margin of at least 128 bits.
#
# Example password: xudmec-4ambyj-tavric-mumpub-mydVop-bypjyp
#
# If given a numerical argument, generate that many passwords.

emulate -L zsh -o no_unset -o warn_create_global -o warn_nested_var

if [[ ARGC -gt 1 || ${1-1} != ${~:-<1-$((16#7FFFFFFF))>} ]]; then
  print -ru2 -- "usage: $0 [NUM]"
  return 1
fi

zmodload zsh/system zsh/mathfunc || return

{
  local -r vowels=aeiouy
  local -r consonants=bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxz
  local -r digits=0123456789

  # Sets REPLY to a uniformly distributed random number in [1, $1].
  # Requires: $1 <= 256.
  function -$0-rand() {
    local c
    while true; do
      sysread -s1 c || return
      # Avoid bias towards smaller numbers.
      (( #c < 256 / $1 * $1 )) && break
    done
    typeset -g REPLY=$((#c % $1 + 1))
  }

  local REPLY chars

  repeat ${1-1}; do
    # Generate 6 pseudowords of the form cvccvc where c and v
    # denote random consonants and vowels respectively.
    local words=()
    repeat 6; do
      words+=('')
      repeat 2; do
        for chars in $consonants $vowels $consonants; do
          -$0-rand $#chars || return
          words[-1]+=$chars[REPLY]
        done
      done
    done

    local pwd=${(j:-:)words}

    # Replace either the first or the last character in one of
    # the words with a random digit.
    -$0-rand $#digits || return
    local digit=$digits[REPLY]
    -$0-rand $((2 * $#words)) || return
    pwd[REPLY/2*7+2*(REPLY%2)-1]=$digit

    # Convert one lower-case character to upper case.
    while true; do
      -$0-rand $#pwd || return
      [[ $vowels$consonants == *$pwd[REPLY]* ]] && break
    done
    # NOTE: We aren't using ${(U)c} here because its results are
    # locale-dependent. For example, when upper-casing 'i' in Turkish
    # locale we would get 'İ', a.k.a. latin capital letter i with dot
    # above. We could set LC_CTYPE=C locally but then we would run afoul
    # of this zsh bug: https://www.zsh.org/mla/workers/2020/msg00588.html.
    local c=$pwd[REPLY]
    printf -v c '%o' $((#c - 32))
    printf "%s\\$c%s\\n" "$pwd[1,REPLY-1]" "$pwd[REPLY+1,-1]" || return
  done
} always {
  unfunction -m -- "-${(b)0}-*"
} </dev/urandom