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This patch is based on spec published at
https://github.com/ARM-software/tf-issues/issues/133

It rearranges the bl31_args struct into
bl31_params and bl31_plat_params which provide the
information needed for Trusted firmware and platform
specific data via x0 and x1

On the FVP platform BL3-1 params and BL3-1 plat params
and its constituents are stored at the start of TZDRAM.

The information about memory availability and size for
BL3-1, BL3-2 and BL3-3 is moved into platform specific data.

Change-Id: I8b32057a3d0dd3968ea26c2541a0714177820da9

This patch reworks the handover interface from: BL1 to BL2 and
BL2 to BL3-1. It removes the raise_el(), change_el(), drop_el()
and run_image() functions as they catered for code paths that were
never exercised.
BL1 calls bl1_run_bl2() to jump into BL2 instead of doing the same
by calling run_image(). Similarly, BL2 issues the SMC to transfer
execution to BL3-1 through BL1 directly. Only x0 and x1 are used
to pass arguments to BL31. These arguments and parameters for
running BL3-1 are passed through a reference to a
'el_change_info_t' structure. They were being passed value in
general purpose registers earlier.

Change-Id: Id4fd019a19a9595de063766d4a66295a2c9307e1

This patch introduces macros (SPSR_64 and SPSR_32) to
create a SPSR for both aarch32 and aarch64 execution
states. These macros allow the user to set fields
in the SPSR depending upon its format.
The make_spsr() function which did not allow
manipulation of all the fields in the aarch32 SPSR
has been replaced by these new macros.

Change-Id: I9425dda0923e8d5f03d03ddb8fa0e28392c4c61e

At present, non-secure timer register contents are saved and restored as
part of world switch by BL3-1. This effectively means that the
non-secure timer stops, and non-secure timer interrupts are prevented
from asserting until BL3-1 switches back, introducing latency for
non-secure services. Often, secure world might depend on alternate
sources for secure interrupts (secure timer or platform timer) instead
of non-secure timers, in which case this save and restore is
unnecessary.

This patch introduces a boolean build-time configuration NS_TIMER_SWITCH
to choose whether or not to save and restore non-secure timer registers
upon world switch. The default choice is made not to save and restore
them.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#148

Change-Id: I1b9d623606acb9797c3e0b02fb5ec7c0a414f37e

Change-Id: I6bd077955bf3780168a874705974bbe72ea0f5f1

At present, various build options are initialized at various places in
the Makefile. This patch gathers all build option declarations at the
top of the Makefile and assigns them default values.

Change-Id: I9f527bc8843bf69c00cb754dc60377bdb407a951

This patch introduces two convenience functions to the build system:

  - assert_boolean: asserts that a given option is assigned either 0 or
    1 as values

  - add_define: helps add/append macro definitions to build tool command
    line. This also introduces the variable DEFINES which is used to
    collect and pass all relevant configurations to build tools

Change-Id: I3126894b034470d39858ebb3bd183bda681c7126

This patch implements the register reporting when unhandled exceptions are
taken in BL3-1. Unhandled exceptions will result in a dump of registers
to the console, before halting execution by that CPU. The Crash Stack,
previously called the Exception Stack, is used for this activity.
This stack is used to preserve the CPU context and runtime stack
contents for debugging and analysis.

This also introduces the per_cpu_ptr_cache, referenced by tpidr_el3,
to provide easy access to some of BL3-1 per-cpu data structures.
Initially, this is used to provide a pointer to the Crash stack.

panic() now prints the the error file and line number in Debug mode
and prints the PC value in release mode.

The Exception Stack is renamed to Crash Stack with this patch.
The original intention of exception stack is no longer valid
since we intend to support several valid exceptions like IRQ
and FIQ in the trusted firmware context. This stack is now
utilized for dumping and reporting the system state when a
crash happens and hence the rename.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#79 Improve reporting of unhandled exception

Change-Id: I260791dc05536b78547412d147193cdccae7811a

Change-Id: If8744c38c2d5c50caa7454b055e2ba418cf1e8bf

Fixes for TZC configuration on FVP

On FVP, the file 'plat/fvp/aarch64/plat_helpers.S' contains an
FVP-specific implementation of the function 'plat_report_exception()',
which is meant to override the default implementation. However, this
file was not included into the BL3-2 image, meaning it was still
using the default implementation. This patch fixes the FVP makefile
to compile this file in.

Change-Id: I3d44b9ec3a9de7e2762e0887d3599b185d3e28d2

This patch fixes C accessors to GIC registers that follow a set/clear
semantic to change the state of an interrupt, instead of read/write/modify.
These registers are:
  Set-Enable
  Clear-Enable
  Set-Pending
  Clear-Pending
  Set-Active
  Clear-Active
For instance, to enable an interrupt we write a one to the corresponding bit
in the Set-Enable register, whereas to disable it we write a one to the
corresponding bit in the Clear-Enable register.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#137

Change-Id: I3b66bad94d0b28e0fe08c9042bac0bf5ffa07944

The TZC configuration on FVP was incorrectly allowing both secure
and non-secure accesses to the DRAM, which can cause aliasing
problems for software. It was also not enabling virtio access on
some models.

This patch fixes both of those issues. The patch also enabless
non-secure access to the DDR RAM for all devices with defined IDs.

The third region of DDR RAM has been removed from the configuration
as this is not used in any of the FVP models.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#150
Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#151

Change-Id: I60ad5daaf55e14f178affb8afd95d17e7537abd7

Instead of having a single version of the MMU setup functions for all
bootloader images that can execute either in EL3 or in EL1, provide
separate functions for EL1 and EL3. Each bootloader image can then
call the appropriate version of these functions. The aim is to reduce
the amount of code compiled in each BL image by embedding only what's
needed (e.g. BL1 to embed only EL3 variants).

Change-Id: Ib86831d5450cf778ae78c9c1f7553fe91274c2fa

The goal of these macros is to improve code readability by providing
a concise way to check whether we are running in the expected
exception level.

Change-Id: If9aebadfb6299a5196e9a582b442f0971d9909b1

Ensure a console is initialized before it is used

Preserve x19-x29 across world switch for exception handling

This patch moves console_init() to bl32_early_platform_setup(). It
also ensures that console_init() is called in each
blX_early_platform_setup() function before the console is used
e.g. through a printf call in an assert() statement.

Fixes ARM-software/TF-issues#127

Change-Id: I5b1f17e0152bab674d807d2a95ff3689c5d4794e

Set processor endianness immediately after RESET v2

Previously exception handlers in BL3-1, X19-X29 were not saved
and restored on every SMC/trap into EL3. Instead these registers
were 'saved as needed' as a side effect of the A64 ABI used by the C
compiler.

That approach failed when world switching but was not visible
with the TSP/TSPD code because the TSP is 64-bit, did not
clobber these registers when running and did not support pre-emption
by normal world interrupts. These scenarios showed
that the values in these registers can be passed through a world
switch, which broke the normal and trusted world assumptions
about these registers being preserved.

The Ideal solution saves and restores these registers when a
world switch occurs - but that type of implementation is more complex.
So this patch always saves and restores these registers on entry and
exit of EL3.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#141

Change-Id: I9a727167bbc594454e81cf78a97ca899dfb11c27

Optimise data cache clean/invalidate operation v2

Use MRS/MSR instructions in assembler code v2

Replace disable_mmu with assembler version v2

Correct usage of data and instruction barriers v2

Remove unused 'PL011_BASE' macro

'PL011_BASE' macro is no longer used because the right UART base
address is now directly given to the 'console_init()' function.
This patch removes it.

Change-Id: I94759c99602df4876291a56f9f6a75de337a65ec

The data cache clean and invalidate operations dcsw_op_all()
and dcsw_op_loius() were implemented to invoke a DSB and ISB
barrier for every set/way operation. This adds a substantial
performance penalty to an already expensive operation.

These functions have been reworked to provide an optimised
implementation derived from the code in section D3.4 of the
ARMv8 ARM. The helper macro setup_dcsw_op_args has been moved
and reworked alongside the implementation.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#146

Change-Id: Icd5df57816a83f0a842fce935320a369f7465c7f

There are a small number of non-EL specific helper functions
which are no longer used, and also some unusable helper
functions for non-existant registers.

This change removes all of these functions.

Change-Id: Idd656cef3b59cf5c46fe2be4029d72288b649c24

Instead of using the system register helper functions to read
or write system registers, assembler coded functions should
use MRS/MSR instructions. This results in faster and more
compact code.

This change replaces all usage of the helper functions with
direct register accesses.

Change-Id: I791d5f11f257010bb3e6a72c6c5ab8779f1982b3

disable_mmu() cannot work as a C function as there is no control
over data accesses generated by the compiler between disabling and
cleaning the data cache. This results in reading stale data from
main memory.

As assembler version is provided for EL3, and a variant that also
disables the instruction cache which is now used by the BL1
exception handling function.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#147

Change-Id: I0cf394d2579a125a23c2f2989c2e92ace6ddb1a6

The current code does not always use data and instruction
barriers as required by the architecture and frequently uses
barriers excessively due to their inclusion in all of the
write_*() helper functions.

Barriers should be used explicitly in assembler or C code
when modifying processor state that requires the barriers in
order to enable review of correctness of the code.

This patch removes the barriers from the helper functions and
introduces them as necessary elsewhere in the code.

PORTING NOTE: check any port of Trusted Firmware for use of
system register helper functions for reliance on the previous
barrier behaviour and add explicit barriers as necessary.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#92

Change-Id: Ie63e187404ff10e0bdcb39292dd9066cb84c53bf

SCTLR_EL3.EE is being configured too late in bl1_arch_setup() and
bl31_arch_setup() after data accesses have already occured on
the cold and warm boot paths.

This control bit must be configured immediately on CPU reset to
match the endian state of the firmware (little endian).

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#145

Change-Id: Ie12e46fbbed6baf024c30beb50751591bb8c8655

Remove variables from .data section

Update code base to remove variables from the .data section,
mainly by using const static data where possible and adding
the const specifier as required. Most changes are to the IO
subsystem, including the framework APIs. The FVP power
management code is also affected.

Delay initialization of the global static variable,
next_image_type in bl31_main.c, until it is realy needed.
Doing this moves the variable from the .data to the .bss
section.

Also review the IO interface for inconsistencies, using
uintptr_t where possible instead of void *. Remove the
io_handle and io_dev_handle typedefs, which were
unnecessary, replacing instances with uintptr_t.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#107.

Change-Id: I085a62197c82410b566e4698e5590063563ed304

dh/major refactoring

Reduce the number of header files included from other header
files as much as possible without splitting the files. Use forward
declarations where possible. This allows removal of some unnecessary
"#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__" statements.

Also, review the .c and .S files for which header files really need
including and reorder the #include statements alphabetically.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#31

Change-Id: Iec92fb976334c77453e010b60bcf56f3be72bd3e

Add tag names to all unnamed structs in header files. This
allows forward declaration of structs, which is necessary to
reduce header file nesting (to be implemented in a subsequent
commit).

Also change the typedef names across the codebase to use the _t
suffix to be more conformant with the Linux coding style. The
coding style actually prefers us not to use typedefs at all but
this is considered a step too far for Trusted Firmware.

Also change the IO framework structs defintions to use typedef'd
structs to be consistent with the rest of the codebase.

Change-Id: I722b2c86fc0d92e4da3b15e5cab20373dd26786f