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At the moment, the memory translation library allows to create memory
mappings of 2 types:

 - Device nGnRE memory (named MT_DEVICE in the library);

 - Normal, Inner Write-back non-transient, Outer Write-back
   non-transient memory (named MT_MEMORY in the library).

As a consequence, the library code treats the memory type field as a
boolean: everything that is not device memory is normal memory and
vice-versa.

In reality, the ARMv8 architecture allows up to 8 types of memory to
be used at a single time for a given exception level. This patch
reworks the memory attributes such that the memory type is now defined
as an integer ranging from 0 to 7 instead of a boolean. This makes it
possible to extend the list of memory types supported by the memory
translation library.

The priority system dictating memory attributes for overlapping
memory regions has been extended to cope with these changes but the
algorithm at its core has been preserved. When a memory region is
re-mapped with different memory attributes, the memory translation
library examines the former attributes and updates them only if
the new attributes create a more restrictive mapping. This behaviour
is unchanged, only the manipulation of the value has been modified
to cope with the new format.

This patch also introduces a new type of memory mapping in the memory
translation library: MT_NON_CACHEABLE, meaning Normal, Inner
Non-cacheable, Outer Non-cacheable memory. This can be useful to map
a non-cacheable memory region, such as a DMA buffer for example.

The rules around the Execute-Never (XN) bit in a translation table
for an MT_NON_CACHEABLE memory mapping have been aligned on the rules
used for MT_MEMORY mappings:
 - If the memory is read-only then it is also executable (XN = 0);
 - If the memory is read-write then it is not executable (XN = 1).

The shareability field for MT_NON_CACHEABLE mappings is always set as
'Outer-Shareable'. Note that this is not strictly needed since
shareability is only relevant if the memory is a Normal Cacheable
memory type, but this is to align with the existing device memory
mappings setup. All Device and Normal Non-cacheable memory regions
are always treated as Outer Shareable, regardless of the translation
table shareability attributes.

This patch also removes the 'ATTR_SO' and 'ATTR_SO_INDEX' #defines.
They were introduced to map memory as Device nGnRnE (formerly called
"Strongly-Ordered" memory in the ARMv7 architecture) but were not
used anywhere in the code base. Removing them avoids any confusion
about the memory types supported by the library.

Upstream platforms do not currently use the MT_NON_CACHEABLE memory
type.

NOTE: THIS CHANGE IS SOURCE COMPATIBLE BUT PLATFORMS THAT RELY ON THE
BINARY VALUES OF `mmap_attr_t` or the `attr` argument of
`mmap_add_region()` MAY BE BROKEN.

Change-Id: I717d6ed79b4c845a04e34132432f98b93d661d79

The shared memory region on ARM platforms contains the mailboxes and,
on Juno, the payload area for communication with the SCP. This shared
memory may be configured as normal memory or device memory at build
time by setting the platform flag 'PLAT_ARM_SHARED_RAM_CACHED' (on
Juno, the value of this flag is defined by 'MHU_PAYLOAD_CACHED').
When set as normal memory, the platform port performs the corresponding
cache maintenance operations. From a functional point of view, this is
the equivalent of setting the shared memory as device memory, so there
is no need to maintain both options.

This patch removes the option to specify the shared memory as normal
memory on ARM platforms. Shared memory is always treated as device
memory. Cache maintenance operations are no longer needed and have
been replaced by data memory barriers to guarantee that payload and
MHU are accessed in the right order.

Change-Id: I7f958621d6a536dd4f0fa8768385eedc4295e79f

In the situation that EL1 is selected as the exception level for the
next image upon BL31 exit for a processor that supports EL2, the
context management code must configure all essential EL2 register
state to ensure correct execution of EL1.

VTTBR_EL2 should be part of this set of EL2 registers because:
 - The ARMv8-A architecture does not define a reset value for this
   register.
 - Cache maintenance operations depend on VTTBR_EL2.VMID even when
   non-secure EL1&0 stage 2 address translation are disabled.

This patch initializes the VTTBR_EL2 register to 0 when bypassing EL2
to address this issue. Note that this bug has not yet manifested
itself on FVP or Juno because VTTBR_EL2.VMID resets to 0 on the
Cortex-A53 and Cortex-A57.

Change-Id: I58ce2d16a71687126f437577a506d93cb5eecf33

This patch adds a driver for ARM GICv3 systems that need to run software
stacks where affinity routing is enabled across all privileged exception
levels for both security states. This driver is a partial implementation
of the ARM Generic Interrupt Controller Architecture Specification, GIC
architecture version 3.0 and version 4.0 (ARM IHI 0069A). The driver does
not cater for legacy support of interrupts and asymmetric configurations.

The existing GIC driver has been preserved unchanged. The common code for
GICv2 and GICv3 systems has been refactored into a new file,
`drivers/arm/gic/common/gic_common.c`. The corresponding header is in
`include/drivers/arm/gic_common.h`.

The driver interface is implemented in `drivers/arm/gic/v3/gicv3_main.c`.
The corresponding header is in `include/drivers/arm/gicv3.h`. Helper
functions are implemented in `drivers/arm/gic/v3/arm_gicv3_helpers.c`
and are accessible through the `drivers/arm/gic/v3/gicv3_private.h`
header.

Change-Id: I8c3c834a1d049d05b776b4dcb76b18ccb927444a

As per Section D7.2.81 in the ARMv8-A Reference Manual (DDI0487A Issue A.h),
bits[29:28], bits[23:22], bit[20] and bit[11] in the SCTLR_EL1 are RES1. This
patch adds the missing bit[20] to the SCTLR_EL1_RES1 macro.

Change-Id: I827982fa2856d04def6b22d8200a79fe6922a28e

On the ARMv8 architecture, cache maintenance operations by set/way on the last
level of integrated cache do not affect the system cache. This means that such a
flush or clean operation could result in the data being pushed out to the system
cache rather than main memory. Another CPU could access this data before it
enables its data cache or MMU. Such accesses could be serviced from the main
memory instead of the system cache. If the data in the sysem cache has not yet
been flushed or evicted to main memory then there could be a loss of
coherency. The only mechanism to guarantee that the main memory will be updated
is to use cache maintenance operations to the PoC by MVA(See section D3.4.11
(System level caches) of ARMv8-A Reference Manual (Issue A.g/ARM DDI0487A.G).

This patch removes the reliance of Trusted Firmware on the flush by set/way
operation to ensure visibility of data in the main memory. Cache maintenance
operations by MVA are now used instead. The following are the broad category of
changes:

1. The RW areas of BL2/BL31/BL32 are invalidated by MVA before the C runtime is
   initialised. This ensures that any stale cache lines at any level of cache
   are removed.

2. Updates to global data in runtime firmware (BL31) by the primary CPU are made
   visible to secondary CPUs using a cache clean operation by MVA.

3. Cache maintenance by set/way operations are only used prior to power down.

NOTE: NON-UPSTREAM TRUSTED FIRMWARE CODE SHOULD MAKE EQUIVALENT CHANGES IN
ORDER TO FUNCTION CORRECTLY ON PLATFORMS WITH SUPPORT FOR SYSTEM CACHES.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#205

Change-Id: I64f1b398de0432813a0e0881d70f8337681f6e9a

The required platform constant PLATFORM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE is
unnecessary since CACHE_WRITEBACK_GRANULE effectively provides the
same information. CACHE_WRITEBACK_GRANULE is preferred since this
is an architecturally defined term and allows comparison with the
corresponding hardware register value.

Replace all usage of PLATFORM_CACHE_LINE_SIZE with
CACHE_WRITEBACK_GRANULE.

Also, add a runtime assert in BL1 to check that the provided
CACHE_WRITEBACK_GRANULE matches the value provided in CTR_EL0.

Change-Id: If87286be78068424217b9f3689be358356500dcd

This patch adds functionality to translate virtual addresses from
secure or non-secure worlds. This functionality helps Trusted Apps
to share virtual addresses directly and allows the NS world to
pass virtual addresses to TLK directly.

Change-Id: I77b0892963e0e839c448b5d0532920fb7e54dc8e
Signed-off-by: Varun Wadekar <vwadekar@nvidia.com>

This patch updates the FVP and Juno platform ports to use the common
driver for ARM Cache Coherent Interconnects.

Change-Id: Ib142f456b9b673600592616a2ec99e9b230d6542

This patch adds support to return SUCCESS if a pending interrupt is
detected during a CPU_SUSPEND call to a power down state. The check
is performed as late as possible without losing the ability to return
to the caller. This reduces the overhead incurred by a CPU in
undergoing a complete power cycle when a wakeup interrupt is already
pending.

Fixes ARM-Software/tf-issues#102

Change-Id: I1aff04a74b704a2f529734428030d1d10750fd4b

This patch adds helper macros for barrier operations that specify
the type of barrier (dmb, dsb) and the shareability domain (system,
inner-shareable) it affects.

Change-Id: I4bf95103e79da212c4fbdbc13d91ad8ac385d9f5

Calls to system register read accessors functions may be optimised
out by the compiler if called twice in a row for the same register.
This is because the compiler is not aware that the result from
the instruction may be modified by external agents. Therefore, if
nothing modifies the register between the 2 reads as far as the
compiler knows then it might consider that it is useless to read
it twice and emit only 1 call.

This behaviour is faulty for registers that may not have the same
value if read twice in succession. E.g.: counters, timer
control/countdown registers, GICv3 interrupt status registers and
so on.

The same problem happens for calls to system register write
accessors functions. The compiler might optimise out some calls
if it considers that it will produce the same result. Again, this
behaviour is faulty for cases where intermediate writes to these
registers make a difference in the system.

This patch fixes the problem by making these assembly register
accesses volatile.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#273

Change-Id: I33903bc4cc4eea8a8d87bc2c757909fbb0138925

This patch fixes the array size of mpidr_aff_map_nodes_t which
was less by one element.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#264

Change-Id: I48264f6f9e7046a3d0f4cbcd63b9ba49657e8818

Prior to this patch, the errata workarounds were applied for any version
of the CPU in the release build and in the debug build an assert
failure resulted when the revision did not match. This patch applies
errata workarounds in the Cortex-A57 reset handler only if the 'variant'
and 'revision' fields read from the MIDR_EL1 match. In the debug build,
a warning message is printed for each errata workaround which is not
applied.

The patch modifies the register usage in 'reset_handler` so
as to adhere to ARM procedure calling standards.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#242

Change-Id: I51b1f876474599db885afa03346e38a476f84c29

This patch uses the IMAGE_BL<x> constants to create translation tables specific
to a boot loader stage. This allows each stage to create mappings only for areas
in the memory map that it needs.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#209

Change-Id: Ie4861407ddf9317f0fb890fc7575eaa88d0de51c

Initializes SCTLR_EL1 based on MODE_RW bit in SPSR for the entry
point. The RES1 bits for SCTLR_EL1 differs for Aarch64 and Aarch32
mode.

This patch resets the value of CNTVOFF_EL2 before exit to EL1 on
warm boot. This needs to be done if only the Trusted Firmware exits
to EL1 instead of EL2, otherwise the hypervisor would be responsible
for this.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#240

Change-Id: I79d54831356cf3215bcf1f251c373bd8f89db0e0

This patch adds the initial port of the ARM Trusted Firmware on the Juno
development platform. This port does not support a BL3-2 image or any PSCI APIs
apart from PSCI_VERSION and PSCI_CPU_ON. It enables workarounds for selected
Cortex-A57 (#806969 & #813420) errata and implements the workaround for a Juno
platform errata (Defect id 831273).

Change-Id: Ib3d92df3af53820cfbb2977582ed0d7abf6ef893

This patch adds workarounds for selected errata which affect the Cortex-A57 r0p0
part. Each workaround has a build time flag which should be used by the platform
port to enable or disable the corresponding workaround. The workarounds are
disabled by default. An assertion is raised if the platform enables a workaround
which does not match the CPU revision at runtime.

Change-Id: I9ae96b01c6ff733d04dc733bd4e67dbf77b29fb0

This patch adds handlers for dumping Cortex-A57 and Cortex-A53 specific register
state to the CPU specific operations framework. The contents of CPUECTLR_EL1 are
dumped currently.

Change-Id: I63d3dbfc4ac52fef5e25a8cf6b937c6f0975c8ab

This patch adds CPU core and cluster power down sequences to the CPU specific
operations framework introduced in a earlier patch. Cortex-A53, Cortex-A57 and
generic AEM sequences have been added. The latter is suitable for the
Foundation and Base AEM FVPs. A pointer to each CPU's operations structure is
saved in the per-cpu data so that it can be easily accessed during power down
seqeunces.

An optional platform API has been introduced to allow a platform to disable the
Accelerator Coherency Port (ACP) during a cluster power down sequence. The weak
definition of this function (plat_disable_acp()) does not take any action. It
should be overriden with a strong definition if the ACP is present on a
platform.

Change-Id: I8d09bd40d2f528a28d2d3f19b77101178778685d

This patch introduces a framework which will allow CPUs to perform
implementation defined actions after a CPU reset, during a CPU or cluster power
down, and when a crash occurs. CPU specific reset handlers have been implemented
in this patch. Other handlers will be implemented in subsequent patches.

Also moved cpu_helpers.S to the new directory lib/cpus/aarch64/.

Change-Id: I1ca1bade4d101d11a898fb30fea2669f9b37b956

This patch reworks the manner in which the M,A, C, SA, I, WXN & EE bits of
SCTLR_EL3 & SCTLR_EL1 are managed. The EE bit is cleared immediately after reset
in EL3. The I, A and SA bits are set next in EL3 and immediately upon entry in
S-EL1. These bits are no longer managed in the blX_arch_setup() functions. They
do not have to be saved and restored either. The M, WXN and optionally the C
bit are set in the enable_mmu_elX() function. This is done during both the warm
and cold boot paths.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#226

Change-Id: Ie894d1a07b8697c116960d858cd138c50bc7a069

This patch adds a 'flags' parameter to each exception level specific function
responsible for enabling the MMU. At present only a single flag which indicates
whether the data cache should also be enabled is implemented. Subsequent patches
will use this flag when enabling the MMU in the warm boot paths.

Change-Id: I0eafae1e678c9ecc604e680851093f1680e9cefa

Currently the TCR bits are hardcoded in xlat_tables.c. In order to
map higher physical address into low virtual address, the TCR bits
need to be configured accordingly.

This patch is to save the max VA and PA and calculate the TCR.PS/IPS
and t0sz bits in init_xlat_tables function.

Change-Id: Ia7a58e5372b20200153057d457f4be5ddbb7dae4

Exclude stdlib files because they do not follow kernel code style.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#73

Change-Id: I4cfafa38ab436f5ab22c277cb38f884346a267ab

Consolidate all BL3-1 CPU context initialization for cold boot, PSCI
and SPDs into two functions:
*  The first uses entry_point_info to initialize the relevant
   cpu_context for first entry into a lower exception level on a CPU
*  The second populates the EL1 and EL2 system registers as needed
   from the cpu_context to ensure correct entry into the lower EL

This patch alters the way that BL3-1 determines which exception level
is used when first entering EL1 or EL2 during cold boot - this is now
fully determined by the SPSR value in the entry_point_info for BL3-3,
as set up by the platform code in BL2 (or otherwise provided to BL3-1).

In the situation that EL1 (or svc mode) is selected for a processor
that supports EL2, the context management code will now configure all
essential EL2 register state to ensure correct execution of EL1. This
allows the platform code to run non-secure EL1 payloads directly
without requiring a small EL2 stub or OS loader.

Change-Id: If9fbb2417e82d2226e47568203d5a369f39d3b0f

Replace the current out-of-line assembler implementations of
the system register and system instruction operations with
inline assembler.

This enables better compiler optimisation and code generation
when accessing system registers.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#91

Change-Id: I149af3a94e1e5e5140a3e44b9abfc37ba2324476

Current ATF uses a direct physical-to-virtual mapping, that is, a physical
address is mapped to the same address in the virtual space. For example,
physical address 0x8000_0000 is mapped to 0x8000_0000 virtual. This
approach works fine for FVP as all its physical addresses fall into 0 to
4GB range. But for other platform where all I/O addresses are 48-bit long,
If we follow the same direct mapping, we would need virtual address range
from 0 to 0x8fff_ffff_ffff, which is about 144TB. This requires a
significant amount of memory for MMU tables and it is not necessary to use
that much virtual space in ATF.

The patch is to enable mapping a physical address range to an arbitrary
virtual address range (instead of flat mapping)
Changed "base" to "base_va" and added "base_pa" in mmap_region_t and
modified functions such as mmap_add_region and init_xlation_table etc.
Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#158

Previously, the enable_mmu_elX() functions were implicitly part of
the platform porting layer since they were included by generic
code. These functions have been placed behind 2 new platform
functions, bl31_plat_enable_mmu() and bl32_plat_enable_mmu().
These are weakly defined so that they can be optionally overridden
by platform ports.

Also, the enable_mmu_elX() functions have been moved to
lib/aarch64/xlat_tables.c for optional re-use by platform ports.
These functions are tightly coupled with the translation table
initialization code.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#152

Change-Id: I0a2251ce76acfa3c27541f832a9efaa49135cc1c

Previously, platform.h contained many declarations and definitions
used for different purposes. This file has been split so that:

* Platform definitions used by common code that must be defined
  by the platform are now in platform_def.h. The exact include
  path is exported through $PLAT_INCLUDES in the platform makefile.

* Platform definitions specific to the FVP platform are now in
  /plat/fvp/fvp_def.h.

* Platform API declarations specific to the FVP platform are now
  in /plat/fvp/fvp_private.h.

* The remaining platform API declarations that must be ported by
  each platform are still in platform.h but this file has been
  moved to /include/plat/common since this can be shared by all
  platforms.

Change-Id: Ieb3bb22fbab3ee8027413c6b39a783534aee474a

Function declarations implicitly have external linkage so do not
need the extern keyword.

Change-Id: Ia0549786796d8bf5956487e8996450a0b3d79f32

This patch adds support in the TSP to program the secure physical
generic timer to generate a EL-1 interrupt every half second. It also
adds support for maintaining the timer state across power management
operations. The TSPD ensures that S-EL1 can access the timer by
programming the SCR_EL3.ST bit.

This patch does not actually enable the timer. This will be done in a
subsequent patch once the complete framework for handling S-EL1
interrupts is in place.

Change-Id: I1b3985cfb50262f60824be3a51c6314ce90571bc

This patch adds an API to write to any bit in the SCR_EL3 member of
the 'cpu_context' structure of the current CPU for a specified
security state. This API will be used in subsequent patches which
introduce interrupt management in EL3 to specify the interrupt routing
model when execution is not in EL3.

It also renames the cm_set_el3_elr() function to cm_set_elr_el3()
which is more in line with the system register name being targeted by
the API.

Change-Id: I310fa7d8f827ad3f350325eca2fb28cb350a85ed

This patch introduces macros (SPSR_64 and SPSR_32) to
create a SPSR for both aarch32 and aarch64 execution
states. These macros allow the user to set fields
in the SPSR depending upon its format.
The make_spsr() function which did not allow
manipulation of all the fields in the aarch32 SPSR
has been replaced by these new macros.

Change-Id: I9425dda0923e8d5f03d03ddb8fa0e28392c4c61e

This patch implements the register reporting when unhandled exceptions are
taken in BL3-1. Unhandled exceptions will result in a dump of registers
to the console, before halting execution by that CPU. The Crash Stack,
previously called the Exception Stack, is used for this activity.
This stack is used to preserve the CPU context and runtime stack
contents for debugging and analysis.

This also introduces the per_cpu_ptr_cache, referenced by tpidr_el3,
to provide easy access to some of BL3-1 per-cpu data structures.
Initially, this is used to provide a pointer to the Crash stack.

panic() now prints the the error file and line number in Debug mode
and prints the PC value in release mode.

The Exception Stack is renamed to Crash Stack with this patch.
The original intention of exception stack is no longer valid
since we intend to support several valid exceptions like IRQ
and FIQ in the trusted firmware context. This stack is now
utilized for dumping and reporting the system state when a
crash happens and hence the rename.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#79 Improve reporting of unhandled exception

Change-Id: I260791dc05536b78547412d147193cdccae7811a

The goal of these macros is to improve code readability by providing
a concise way to check whether we are running in the expected
exception level.

Change-Id: If9aebadfb6299a5196e9a582b442f0971d9909b1

There are a small number of non-EL specific helper functions
which are no longer used, and also some unusable helper
functions for non-existant registers.

This change removes all of these functions.

Change-Id: Idd656cef3b59cf5c46fe2be4029d72288b649c24

disable_mmu() cannot work as a C function as there is no control
over data accesses generated by the compiler between disabling and
cleaning the data cache. This results in reading stale data from
main memory.

As assembler version is provided for EL3, and a variant that also
disables the instruction cache which is now used by the BL1
exception handling function.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#147

Change-Id: I0cf394d2579a125a23c2f2989c2e92ace6ddb1a6

Reduce the number of header files included from other header
files as much as possible without splitting the files. Use forward
declarations where possible. This allows removal of some unnecessary
"#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__" statements.

Also, review the .c and .S files for which header files really need
including and reorder the #include statements alphabetically.

Fixes ARM-software/tf-issues#31

Change-Id: Iec92fb976334c77453e010b60bcf56f3be72bd3e